CWE-667
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Locking
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly acquire or release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.
713 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PR97-PP48-GMQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-11 15:30In lwis_fence_signal of lwis_debug.c, there is a possible Use after Free due to improper locking. This could lead to local escalation of privilege from hal_camera_default SELinux label with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416",
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-13T21:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In lwis_fence_signal of lwis_debug.c, there is a possible Use after Free due to improper locking. This could lead to local escalation of privilege from hal_camera_default SELinux label with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-pr97-pp48-gmqg",
"modified": "2024-07-11T15:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-06-13T21:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2024-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PV8W-5HMG-8MF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 15:31 – Updated: 2025-09-26 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
debugfs: fix wait/cancellation handling during remove
Ben Greear further reports deadlocks during concurrent debugfs remove while files are being accessed, even though the code in question now uses debugfs cancellations. Turns out that despite all the review on the locking, we missed completely that the logic is wrong: if the refcount hits zero we can finish (and need not wait for the completion), but if it doesn't we have to trigger all the cancellations. As written, we can never get into the loop triggering the cancellations. Fix this, and explain it better while at it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35793"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T13:15:59Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndebugfs: fix wait/cancellation handling during remove\n\nBen Greear further reports deadlocks during concurrent debugfs\nremove while files are being accessed, even though the code in\nquestion now uses debugfs cancellations. Turns out that despite\nall the review on the locking, we missed completely that the\nlogic is wrong: if the refcount hits zero we can finish (and\nneed not wait for the completion), but if it doesn\u0027t we have\nto trigger all the cancellations. As written, we can _never_\nget into the loop triggering the cancellations. Fix this, and\nexplain it better while at it.",
"id": "GHSA-pv8w-5hmg-8mf4",
"modified": "2025-09-26T18:31:17Z",
"published": "2024-05-17T15:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d08cca5fd0aabb62b7015067ab40913b33da906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/952c3fce297f12c7ff59380adb66b564e2bc9b64"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e88b5ae01901c4a655a53158397746334778a57b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PW2V-CMFH-X2P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: do not strictly require dirty metadata threshold for metadata writepages
[BUG] There is an internal report that over 1000 processes are waiting at the io_schedule_timeout() of balance_dirty_pages(), causing a system hang and trigger a kernel coredump.
The kernel is v6.4 kernel based, but the root problem still applies to any upstream kernel before v6.18.
[CAUSE] From Jan Kara for his wisdom on the dirty page balance behavior first.
This cgroup dirty limit was what was actually playing the role here because the cgroup had only a small amount of memory and so the dirty limit for it was something like 16MB.
Dirty throttling is responsible for enforcing that nobody can dirty (significantly) more dirty memory than there's dirty limit. Thus when a task is dirtying pages it periodically enters into balance_dirty_pages() and we let it sleep there to slow down the dirtying.
When the system is over dirty limit already (either globally or within a cgroup of the running task), we will not let the task exit from balance_dirty_pages() until the number of dirty pages drops below the limit.
So in this particular case, as I already mentioned, there was a cgroup with relatively small amount of memory and as a result with dirty limit set at 16MB. A task from that cgroup has dirtied about 28MB worth of pages in btrfs btree inode and these were practically the only dirty pages in that cgroup.
So that means the only way to reduce the dirty pages of that cgroup is to writeback the dirty pages of btrfs btree inode, and only after that those processes can exit balance_dirty_pages().
Now back to the btrfs part, btree_writepages() is responsible for writing back dirty btree inode pages.
The problem here is, there is a btrfs internal threshold that if the btree inode's dirty bytes are below the 32M threshold, it will not do any writeback.
This behavior is to batch as much metadata as possible so we won't write back those tree blocks and then later re-COW them again for another modification.
This internal 32MiB is higher than the existing dirty page size (28MiB), meaning no writeback will happen, causing a deadlock between btrfs and cgroup:
-
Btrfs doesn't want to write back btree inode until more dirty pages
-
Cgroup/MM doesn't want more dirty pages for btrfs btree inode Thus any process touching that btree inode is put into sleep until the number of dirty pages is reduced.
Thanks Jan Kara a lot for the analysis of the root cause.
[ENHANCEMENT] Since kernel commit b55102826d7d ("btrfs: set AS_KERNEL_FILE on the btree_inode"), btrfs btree inode pages will only be charged to the root cgroup which should have a much larger limit than btrfs' 32MiB threshold. So it should not affect newer kernels.
But for all current LTS kernels, they are all affected by this problem, and backporting the whole AS_KERNEL_FILE may not be a good idea.
Even for newer kernels I still think it's a good idea to get rid of the internal threshold at btree_writepages(), since for most cases cgroup/MM has a better view of full system memory usage than btrfs' fixed threshold.
For internal callers using btrfs_btree_balance_dirty() since that function is already doing internal threshold check, we don't need to bother them.
But for external callers of btree_writepages(), just respect their requests and write back whatever they want, ignoring the internal btrfs threshold to avoid such deadlock on btree inode dirty page balancing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-14T16:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: do not strictly require dirty metadata threshold for metadata writepages\n\n[BUG]\nThere is an internal report that over 1000 processes are\nwaiting at the io_schedule_timeout() of balance_dirty_pages(), causing\na system hang and trigger a kernel coredump.\n\nThe kernel is v6.4 kernel based, but the root problem still applies to\nany upstream kernel before v6.18.\n\n[CAUSE]\nFrom Jan Kara for his wisdom on the dirty page balance behavior first.\n\n This cgroup dirty limit was what was actually playing the role here\n because the cgroup had only a small amount of memory and so the dirty\n limit for it was something like 16MB.\n\n Dirty throttling is responsible for enforcing that nobody can dirty\n (significantly) more dirty memory than there\u0027s dirty limit. Thus when\n a task is dirtying pages it periodically enters into balance_dirty_pages()\n and we let it sleep there to slow down the dirtying.\n\n When the system is over dirty limit already (either globally or within\n a cgroup of the running task), we will not let the task exit from\n balance_dirty_pages() until the number of dirty pages drops below the\n limit.\n\n So in this particular case, as I already mentioned, there was a cgroup\n with relatively small amount of memory and as a result with dirty limit\n set at 16MB. A task from that cgroup has dirtied about 28MB worth of\n pages in btrfs btree inode and these were practically the only dirty\n pages in that cgroup.\n\nSo that means the only way to reduce the dirty pages of that cgroup is\nto writeback the dirty pages of btrfs btree inode, and only after that\nthose processes can exit balance_dirty_pages().\n\nNow back to the btrfs part, btree_writepages() is responsible for\nwriting back dirty btree inode pages.\n\nThe problem here is, there is a btrfs internal threshold that if the\nbtree inode\u0027s dirty bytes are below the 32M threshold, it will not\ndo any writeback.\n\nThis behavior is to batch as much metadata as possible so we won\u0027t write\nback those tree blocks and then later re-COW them again for another\nmodification.\n\nThis internal 32MiB is higher than the existing dirty page size (28MiB),\nmeaning no writeback will happen, causing a deadlock between btrfs and\ncgroup:\n\n- Btrfs doesn\u0027t want to write back btree inode until more dirty pages\n\n- Cgroup/MM doesn\u0027t want more dirty pages for btrfs btree inode\n Thus any process touching that btree inode is put into sleep until\n the number of dirty pages is reduced.\n\nThanks Jan Kara a lot for the analysis of the root cause.\n\n[ENHANCEMENT]\nSince kernel commit b55102826d7d (\"btrfs: set AS_KERNEL_FILE on the\nbtree_inode\"), btrfs btree inode pages will only be charged to the root\ncgroup which should have a much larger limit than btrfs\u0027 32MiB\nthreshold.\nSo it should not affect newer kernels.\n\nBut for all current LTS kernels, they are all affected by this problem,\nand backporting the whole AS_KERNEL_FILE may not be a good idea.\n\nEven for newer kernels I still think it\u0027s a good idea to get\nrid of the internal threshold at btree_writepages(), since for most cases\ncgroup/MM has a better view of full system memory usage than btrfs\u0027 fixed\nthreshold.\n\nFor internal callers using btrfs_btree_balance_dirty() since that\nfunction is already doing internal threshold check, we don\u0027t need to\nbother them.\n\nBut for external callers of btree_writepages(), just respect their\nrequests and write back whatever they want, ignoring the internal\nbtrfs threshold to avoid such deadlock on btree inode dirty page\nbalancing.",
"id": "GHSA-pw2v-cmfh-x2p3",
"modified": "2026-06-01T18:31:22Z",
"published": "2026-02-14T18:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c3666ec188640c20e254011e7adf4464c32ee58"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4357e02cafabe01c2d737ceb4c4c6382fc2ee10a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e159150a9a56d66d247f4b5510bed46fe58aa1c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/629666d20c7dcd740e193ec0631fdff035b1f7d6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a8b6242eaa1dd7a0de2d6de6420d10ffe68db90"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb9be3f713652e330df00f3724c18c7a5469e7ac"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PXQQ-3PH7-MW6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: handle the case of pci_channel_io_frozen only in amdgpu_pci_resume
In current code, when a PCI error state pci_channel_io_normal is detectd, it will report PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER status to PCI driver, and PCI driver will continue the execution of PCI resume callback report_resume by pci_walk_bridge, and the callback will go into amdgpu_pci_resume finally, where write lock is releasd unconditionally without acquiring such lock first. In this case, a deadlock will happen when other threads start to acquire the read lock.
To fix this, add a member in amdgpu_device strucutre to cache pci_channel_state, and only continue the execution in amdgpu_pci_resume when it's pci_channel_io_frozen.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T15:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/amdgpu: handle the case of pci_channel_io_frozen only in amdgpu_pci_resume\n\nIn current code, when a PCI error state pci_channel_io_normal is detectd,\nit will report PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER status to PCI driver, and PCI\ndriver will continue the execution of PCI resume callback report_resume by\npci_walk_bridge, and the callback will go into amdgpu_pci_resume\nfinally, where write lock is releasd unconditionally without acquiring\nsuch lock first. In this case, a deadlock will happen when other threads\nstart to acquire the read lock.\n\nTo fix this, add a member in amdgpu_device strucutre to cache\npci_channel_state, and only continue the execution in amdgpu_pci_resume\nwhen it\u0027s pci_channel_io_frozen.",
"id": "GHSA-pxqq-3ph7-mw6w",
"modified": "2025-11-03T18:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-05-21T15:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/248b061689a40f4fed05252ee2c89f87cf26d7d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72e9a1bf9b722628c28092e0c2cd8717edd201dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/785cc093b6b5a93cc350421a55f3f1eda6585156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q27Q-H2JW-QQ6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-04 00:00 – Updated: 2024-04-01 15:30An improper locking issue was found in the virStoragePoolLookupByTargetPath API of libvirt. It occurs in the storagePoolLookupByTargetPath function where a locked virStoragePoolObj object is not properly released on ACL permission failure. Clients connecting to the read-write socket with limited ACL permissions could use this flaw to acquire the lock and prevent other users from accessing storage pool/volume APIs, resulting in a denial of service condition. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3667"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-02T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper locking issue was found in the virStoragePoolLookupByTargetPath API of libvirt. It occurs in the storagePoolLookupByTargetPath function where a locked virStoragePoolObj object is not properly released on ACL permission failure. Clients connecting to the read-write socket with limited ACL permissions could use this flaw to acquire the lock and prevent other users from accessing storage pool/volume APIs, resulting in a denial of service condition. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-q27q-h2jw-qq6c",
"modified": "2024-04-01T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-03-04T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3667"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2021:3703"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2021:3704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2021:4191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-3667"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1986094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libvirt/libvirt/-/commit/447f69dec47e1b0bd15ecd7cd49a9fd3b050fb87"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://libvirt.org/git/?p=libvirt.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=447f69dec47e1b0bd15ecd7cd49a9fd3b050fb87"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://libvirt.org/git/?p=libvirt.git;a=commit;h=447f69dec47e1b0bd15ecd7cd49a9fd3b050fb87"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220331-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q2GX-5VC4-PJJW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-04 21:30 – Updated: 2024-09-06 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/xe/preempt_fence: enlarge the fence critical section
It is really easy to introduce subtle deadlocks in preempt_fence_work_func() since we operate on single global ordered-wq for signalling our preempt fences behind the scenes, so even though we signal a particular fence, everything in the callback should be in the fence critical section, since blocking in the callback will prevent other published fences from signalling. If we enlarge the fence critical section to cover the entire callback, then lockdep should be able to understand this better, and complain if we grab a sensitive lock like vm->lock, which is also held when waiting on preempt fences.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-04T19:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/xe/preempt_fence: enlarge the fence critical section\n\nIt is really easy to introduce subtle deadlocks in\npreempt_fence_work_func() since we operate on single global ordered-wq\nfor signalling our preempt fences behind the scenes, so even though we\nsignal a particular fence, everything in the callback should be in the\nfence critical section, since blocking in the callback will prevent\nother published fences from signalling. If we enlarge the fence critical\nsection to cover the entire callback, then lockdep should be able to\nunderstand this better, and complain if we grab a sensitive lock like\nvm-\u003elock, which is also held when waiting on preempt fences.",
"id": "GHSA-q2gx-5vc4-pjjw",
"modified": "2024-09-06T18:31:28Z",
"published": "2024-09-04T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3cd1585e57908b6efcd967465ef7685f40b2a294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/458bb83119dfee5d14c677f7846dd9363817006f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q2H8-9338-55XQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
jfs: Prevent copying of nlink with value 0 from disk inode
syzbot report a deadlock in diFree. [1]
When calling "ioctl$LOOP_SET_STATUS64", the offset value passed in is 4, which does not match the mounted loop device, causing the mapping of the mounted loop device to be invalidated.
When creating the directory and creating the inode of iag in diReadSpecial(), read the page of fixed disk inode (AIT) in raw mode in read_metapage(), the metapage data it returns is corrupted, which causes the nlink value of 0 to be assigned to the iag inode when executing copy_from_dinode(), which ultimately causes a deadlock when entering diFree().
To avoid this, first check the nlink value of dinode before setting iag inode.
[1] WARNING: possible recursive locking detected 6.12.0-rc7-syzkaller-00212-g4a5df3796467 #0 Not tainted
syz-executor301/5309 is trying to acquire lock: ffff888044548920 (&(imap->im_aglock[index])){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diFree+0x37c/0x2fb0 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:889
but task is already holding lock: ffff888044548920 (&(imap->im_aglock[index])){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAlloc+0x1b6/0x1630
other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(&(imap->im_aglock[index])); lock(&(imap->im_aglock[index]));
*** DEADLOCK ***
May be due to missing lock nesting notation
5 locks held by syz-executor301/5309: #0: ffff8880422a4420 (sb_writers#9){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: mnt_want_write+0x3f/0x90 fs/namespace.c:515 #1: ffff88804755b390 (&type->i_mutex_dir_key#6/1){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: inode_lock_nested include/linux/fs.h:850 [inline] #1: ffff88804755b390 (&type->i_mutex_dir_key#6/1){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: filename_create+0x260/0x540 fs/namei.c:4026 #2: ffff888044548920 (&(imap->im_aglock[index])){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAlloc+0x1b6/0x1630 #3: ffff888044548890 (&imap->im_freelock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diNewIAG fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:2460 [inline] #3: ffff888044548890 (&imap->im_freelock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAllocExt fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1905 [inline] #3: ffff888044548890 (&imap->im_freelock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAllocAG+0x4b7/0x1e50 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1669 #4: ffff88804755a618 (&jfs_ip->rdwrlock/1){++++}-{3:3}, at: diNewIAG fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:2477 [inline] #4: ffff88804755a618 (&jfs_ip->rdwrlock/1){++++}-{3:3}, at: diAllocExt fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1905 [inline] #4: ffff88804755a618 (&jfs_ip->rdwrlock/1){++++}-{3:3}, at: diAllocAG+0x869/0x1e50 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1669
stack backtrace: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5309 Comm: syz-executor301 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc7-syzkaller-00212-g4a5df3796467 #0 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_deadlock_bug+0x483/0x620 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3037 check_deadlock kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3089 [inline] validate_chain+0x15e2/0x5920 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3891 __lock_acquire+0x1384/0x2050 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5202 lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x550 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5825 __mutex_lock_common kernel/locking/mutex.c:608 [inline] __mutex_lock+0x136/0xd70 kernel/locking/mutex.c:752 diFree+0x37c/0x2fb0 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:889 jfs_evict_inode+0x32d/0x440 fs/jfs/inode.c:156 evict+0x4e8/0x9b0 fs/inode.c:725 diFreeSpecial fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:552 [inline] duplicateIXtree+0x3c6/0x550 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:3022 diNewIAG fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:2597 [inline] diAllocExt fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1905 [inline] diAllocAG+0x17dc/0x1e50 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1669 diAlloc+0x1d2/0x1630 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1590 ialloc+0x8f/0x900 fs/jfs/jfs_inode.c:56 jfs_mkdir+0x1c5/0xba0 fs/jfs/namei.c:225 vfs_mkdir+0x2f9/0x4f0 fs/namei.c:4257 do_mkdirat+0x264/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4280 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4295 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4293 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x87/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4293 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/en ---truncated---
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-37741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T13:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\njfs: Prevent copying of nlink with value 0 from disk inode\n\nsyzbot report a deadlock in diFree. [1]\n\nWhen calling \"ioctl$LOOP_SET_STATUS64\", the offset value passed in is 4,\nwhich does not match the mounted loop device, causing the mapping of the\nmounted loop device to be invalidated.\n\nWhen creating the directory and creating the inode of iag in diReadSpecial(),\nread the page of fixed disk inode (AIT) in raw mode in read_metapage(), the\nmetapage data it returns is corrupted, which causes the nlink value of 0 to be\nassigned to the iag inode when executing copy_from_dinode(), which ultimately\ncauses a deadlock when entering diFree().\n\nTo avoid this, first check the nlink value of dinode before setting iag inode.\n\n[1]\nWARNING: possible recursive locking detected\n6.12.0-rc7-syzkaller-00212-g4a5df3796467 #0 Not tainted\n--------------------------------------------\nsyz-executor301/5309 is trying to acquire lock:\nffff888044548920 (\u0026(imap-\u003eim_aglock[index])){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diFree+0x37c/0x2fb0 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:889\n\nbut task is already holding lock:\nffff888044548920 (\u0026(imap-\u003eim_aglock[index])){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAlloc+0x1b6/0x1630\n\nother info that might help us debug this:\n Possible unsafe locking scenario:\n\n CPU0\n ----\n lock(\u0026(imap-\u003eim_aglock[index]));\n lock(\u0026(imap-\u003eim_aglock[index]));\n\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n May be due to missing lock nesting notation\n\n5 locks held by syz-executor301/5309:\n #0: ffff8880422a4420 (sb_writers#9){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: mnt_want_write+0x3f/0x90 fs/namespace.c:515\n #1: ffff88804755b390 (\u0026type-\u003ei_mutex_dir_key#6/1){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: inode_lock_nested include/linux/fs.h:850 [inline]\n #1: ffff88804755b390 (\u0026type-\u003ei_mutex_dir_key#6/1){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: filename_create+0x260/0x540 fs/namei.c:4026\n #2: ffff888044548920 (\u0026(imap-\u003eim_aglock[index])){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAlloc+0x1b6/0x1630\n #3: ffff888044548890 (\u0026imap-\u003eim_freelock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diNewIAG fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:2460 [inline]\n #3: ffff888044548890 (\u0026imap-\u003eim_freelock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAllocExt fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1905 [inline]\n #3: ffff888044548890 (\u0026imap-\u003eim_freelock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: diAllocAG+0x4b7/0x1e50 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1669\n #4: ffff88804755a618 (\u0026jfs_ip-\u003erdwrlock/1){++++}-{3:3}, at: diNewIAG fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:2477 [inline]\n #4: ffff88804755a618 (\u0026jfs_ip-\u003erdwrlock/1){++++}-{3:3}, at: diAllocExt fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1905 [inline]\n #4: ffff88804755a618 (\u0026jfs_ip-\u003erdwrlock/1){++++}-{3:3}, at: diAllocAG+0x869/0x1e50 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1669\n\nstack backtrace:\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5309 Comm: syz-executor301 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc7-syzkaller-00212-g4a5df3796467 #0\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_deadlock_bug+0x483/0x620 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3037\n check_deadlock kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3089 [inline]\n validate_chain+0x15e2/0x5920 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3891\n __lock_acquire+0x1384/0x2050 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5202\n lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x550 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5825\n __mutex_lock_common kernel/locking/mutex.c:608 [inline]\n __mutex_lock+0x136/0xd70 kernel/locking/mutex.c:752\n diFree+0x37c/0x2fb0 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:889\n jfs_evict_inode+0x32d/0x440 fs/jfs/inode.c:156\n evict+0x4e8/0x9b0 fs/inode.c:725\n diFreeSpecial fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:552 [inline]\n duplicateIXtree+0x3c6/0x550 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:3022\n diNewIAG fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:2597 [inline]\n diAllocExt fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1905 [inline]\n diAllocAG+0x17dc/0x1e50 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1669\n diAlloc+0x1d2/0x1630 fs/jfs/jfs_imap.c:1590\n ialloc+0x8f/0x900 fs/jfs/jfs_inode.c:56\n jfs_mkdir+0x1c5/0xba0 fs/jfs/namei.c:225\n vfs_mkdir+0x2f9/0x4f0 fs/namei.c:4257\n do_mkdirat+0x264/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4280\n __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4295 [inline]\n __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4293 [inline]\n __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x87/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4293\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/en\n---truncated---",
"id": "GHSA-q2h8-9338-55xq",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:32Z",
"published": "2025-05-01T15:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b2f26d3fba4e9aac314f8bc0963b3fc28c0e456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86bfeaa18f9e4615b97f2d613e0fcc4ced196527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b5ce75f8bd3ddf480cc0a240d7ff5cdea0444f9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/994787341358816d91b2fded288ecb7f129f2b27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2b560815528ae8e266fca6038bb5585d13aaef4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aeb926e605f97857504bdf748f575e40617e2ef9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3c4884b987e5d8d0ec061a4d52653c4f4b9c37e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b61e69bb1c049cf507e3c654fa3dc1568231bd07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9541c2bd0edbdbc5c1148a84d3b48dc8d1b8af2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q37H-R28R-J29C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-12 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
usb: gadget: u_audio: don't let userspace block driver unbind
In the unbind callback for f_uac1 and f_uac2, a call to snd_card_free() via g_audio_cleanup() will disconnect the card and then wait for all resources to be released, which happens when the refcount falls to zero. Since userspace can keep the refcount incremented by not closing the relevant file descriptor, the call to unbind may block indefinitely. This can cause a deadlock during reboot, as evidenced by the following blocked task observed on my machine:
task:reboot state:D stack:0 pid:2827 ppid:569 flags:0x0000000c Call trace: __switch_to+0xc8/0x140 __schedule+0x2f0/0x7c0 schedule+0x60/0xd0 schedule_timeout+0x180/0x1d4 wait_for_completion+0x78/0x180 snd_card_free+0x90/0xa0 g_audio_cleanup+0x2c/0x64 afunc_unbind+0x28/0x60 ... kernel_restart+0x4c/0xac __do_sys_reboot+0xcc/0x1ec __arm64_sys_reboot+0x28/0x30 invoke_syscall+0x4c/0x110 ...
The issue can also be observed by opening the card with arecord and then stopping the process through the shell before unbinding:
# arecord -D hw:UAC2Gadget -f S32_LE -c 2 -r 48000 /dev/null Recording WAVE '/dev/null' : Signed 32 bit Little Endian, Rate 48000 Hz, Stereo ^Z[1]+ Stopped arecord -D hw:UAC2Gadget -f S32_LE -c 2 -r 48000 /dev/null # echo gadget.0 > /sys/bus/gadget/drivers/configfs-gadget/unbind (observe that the unbind command never finishes)
Fix the problem by using snd_card_free_when_closed() instead, which will still disconnect the card as desired, but defer the task of freeing the resources to the core once userspace closes its file descriptor.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-53045"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-02T16:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: u_audio: don\u0027t let userspace block driver unbind\n\nIn the unbind callback for f_uac1 and f_uac2, a call to snd_card_free()\nvia g_audio_cleanup() will disconnect the card and then wait for all\nresources to be released, which happens when the refcount falls to zero.\nSince userspace can keep the refcount incremented by not closing the\nrelevant file descriptor, the call to unbind may block indefinitely.\nThis can cause a deadlock during reboot, as evidenced by the following\nblocked task observed on my machine:\n\n task:reboot state:D stack:0 pid:2827 ppid:569 flags:0x0000000c\n Call trace:\n __switch_to+0xc8/0x140\n __schedule+0x2f0/0x7c0\n schedule+0x60/0xd0\n schedule_timeout+0x180/0x1d4\n wait_for_completion+0x78/0x180\n snd_card_free+0x90/0xa0\n g_audio_cleanup+0x2c/0x64\n afunc_unbind+0x28/0x60\n ...\n kernel_restart+0x4c/0xac\n __do_sys_reboot+0xcc/0x1ec\n __arm64_sys_reboot+0x28/0x30\n invoke_syscall+0x4c/0x110\n ...\n\nThe issue can also be observed by opening the card with arecord and\nthen stopping the process through the shell before unbinding:\n\n # arecord -D hw:UAC2Gadget -f S32_LE -c 2 -r 48000 /dev/null\n Recording WAVE \u0027/dev/null\u0027 : Signed 32 bit Little Endian, Rate 48000 Hz, Stereo\n ^Z[1]+ Stopped arecord -D hw:UAC2Gadget -f S32_LE -c 2 -r 48000 /dev/null\n # echo gadget.0 \u003e /sys/bus/gadget/drivers/configfs-gadget/unbind\n (observe that the unbind command never finishes)\n\nFix the problem by using snd_card_free_when_closed() instead, which will\nstill disconnect the card as desired, but defer the task of freeing the\nresources to the core once userspace closes its file descriptor.",
"id": "GHSA-q37h-r28r-j29c",
"modified": "2025-11-12T18:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-05-02T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0eda2004f38d95ef5715d62be884cd344260535b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3256e152b645fc1e788ba44c2d8ced690113e3e6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33f341c1fc60e172a3515c51bdabee11e83d1ee9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bc7324e4911351e39c54a62e6ca46321cb10faf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e016ef2e72da93a2ea7afbb45de1b481b44d761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43ca70753dfffd517d2af126da28690f8f615605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c67ed9ad9b83e453e808f9b31a931a20a25629b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b131989797f7287d7fdadb2bababc05a15d44750"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q383-XWJ3-RCF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 03:34 – Updated: 2025-12-16 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tcp: correct handling of extreme memory squeeze
Testing with iperf3 using the "pasta" protocol splicer has revealed a problem in the way tcp handles window advertising in extreme memory squeeze situations.
Under memory pressure, a socket endpoint may temporarily advertise a zero-sized window, but this is not stored as part of the socket data. The reasoning behind this is that it is considered a temporary setting which shouldn't influence any further calculations.
However, if we happen to stall at an unfortunate value of the current window size, the algorithm selecting a new value will consistently fail to advertise a non-zero window once we have freed up enough memory. This means that this side's notion of the current window size is different from the one last advertised to the peer, causing the latter to not send any data to resolve the sitution.
The problem occurs on the iperf3 server side, and the socket in question is a completely regular socket with the default settings for the fedora40 kernel. We do not use SO_PEEK or SO_RCVBUF on the socket.
The following excerpt of a logging session, with own comments added, shows more in detail what is happening:
// tcp_v4_rcv(->) // tcp_rcv_established(->) 5201<->39222: ==== Activating log @ net/ipv4/tcp_input.c/tcp_data_queue()/5257 ====
5201<->39222: DROPPING skb [265600160..265665640], reason: SKB_DROP_REASON_PROTO_MEM [rcv_nxt 265600160, rcv_wnd 262144, snt_ack 265469200, win_now 131184] [copied_seq 259909392->260034360 (124968), unread 5565800, qlen 85, ofoq 0] [OFO queue: gap: 65480, len: 0]
[tp->rcv_wup: 265469200, tp->rcv_wnd: 262144, tp->rcv_nxt 265600160]
5201<->39222: (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.pending & ICSK_ACK_NOMEM) ? --> TRUE [tp->rcv_wup: 265469200, tp->rcv_wnd: 262144, tp->rcv_nxt 265600160] returning 0
5201<->39222: ADVERTISING WIN 0, ACK_SEQ: 265600160
// Receive queue is at 85 buffers and we are out of memory. // We drop the incoming buffer, although it is in sequence, and decide // to send an advertisement with a window of zero. // We don't update tp->rcv_wnd and tp->rcv_wup accordingly, which means // we unconditionally shrink the window.
5201<->39222: __tcp_cleanup_rbuf(->) tp->rcv_wup: 265469200, tp->rcv_wnd: 262144, tp->rcv_nxt 265600160 5201<->39222: new_win = 0, win_now = 131184, 2 * win_now = 262368: new_win >= (2 * win_now) ? --> time_to_ack = 0: NOT calling tcp_send_ack() [tp->rcv_wup: 265469200, tp->rcv_wnd: 262144, tp->rcv_nxt 265600160]
[rcv_nxt 265600160, rcv_wnd 262144, snt_ack 265469200, win_now 131184]
[copied_seq 260040464->260040464 (0), unread 5559696, qlen 85, ofoq 0]
returning 6104 bytes
// After each read, the algorithm for calculating the new receive // window in __tcp_cleanup_rbuf() finds it is too small to advertise // or to update tp->rcv_wnd. // Meanwhile, the peer thinks the window is zero, and will not send // any more data to trigger an update from the interrupt mode side.
5201<->39222: __tcp_cleanup_rbuf(->) tp->rcv_wup: 265469200, tp->rcv_wnd: 262144, tp->rcv_nxt 265600160 5201<->39222: [new_win = 262144, win_now = 131184, 2 * win_n ---truncated---
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T02:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp: correct handling of extreme memory squeeze\n\nTesting with iperf3 using the \"pasta\" protocol splicer has revealed\na problem in the way tcp handles window advertising in extreme memory\nsqueeze situations.\n\nUnder memory pressure, a socket endpoint may temporarily advertise\na zero-sized window, but this is not stored as part of the socket data.\nThe reasoning behind this is that it is considered a temporary setting\nwhich shouldn\u0027t influence any further calculations.\n\nHowever, if we happen to stall at an unfortunate value of the current\nwindow size, the algorithm selecting a new value will consistently fail\nto advertise a non-zero window once we have freed up enough memory.\nThis means that this side\u0027s notion of the current window size is\ndifferent from the one last advertised to the peer, causing the latter\nto not send any data to resolve the sitution.\n\nThe problem occurs on the iperf3 server side, and the socket in question\nis a completely regular socket with the default settings for the\nfedora40 kernel. We do not use SO_PEEK or SO_RCVBUF on the socket.\n\nThe following excerpt of a logging session, with own comments added,\nshows more in detail what is happening:\n\n// tcp_v4_rcv(-\u003e)\n// tcp_rcv_established(-\u003e)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: ==== Activating log @ net/ipv4/tcp_input.c/tcp_data_queue()/5257 ====\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_data_queue(-\u003e)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: DROPPING skb [265600160..265665640], reason: SKB_DROP_REASON_PROTO_MEM\n [rcv_nxt 265600160, rcv_wnd 262144, snt_ack 265469200, win_now 131184]\n [copied_seq 259909392-\u003e260034360 (124968), unread 5565800, qlen 85, ofoq 0]\n [OFO queue: gap: 65480, len: 0]\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_data_queue(\u003c-)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: __tcp_transmit_skb(-\u003e)\n [tp-\u003ercv_wup: 265469200, tp-\u003ercv_wnd: 262144, tp-\u003ercv_nxt 265600160]\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_select_window(-\u003e)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: (inet_csk(sk)-\u003eicsk_ack.pending \u0026 ICSK_ACK_NOMEM) ? --\u003e TRUE\n [tp-\u003ercv_wup: 265469200, tp-\u003ercv_wnd: 262144, tp-\u003ercv_nxt 265600160]\n returning 0\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_select_window(\u003c-)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: ADVERTISING WIN 0, ACK_SEQ: 265600160\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: [__tcp_transmit_skb(\u003c-)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_rcv_established(\u003c-)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_v4_rcv(\u003c-)\n\n// Receive queue is at 85 buffers and we are out of memory.\n// We drop the incoming buffer, although it is in sequence, and decide\n// to send an advertisement with a window of zero.\n// We don\u0027t update tp-\u003ercv_wnd and tp-\u003ercv_wup accordingly, which means\n// we unconditionally shrink the window.\n\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_recvmsg_locked(-\u003e)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: __tcp_cleanup_rbuf(-\u003e) tp-\u003ercv_wup: 265469200, tp-\u003ercv_wnd: 262144, tp-\u003ercv_nxt 265600160\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: [new_win = 0, win_now = 131184, 2 * win_now = 262368]\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: [new_win \u003e= (2 * win_now) ? --\u003e time_to_ack = 0]\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: NOT calling tcp_send_ack()\n [tp-\u003ercv_wup: 265469200, tp-\u003ercv_wnd: 262144, tp-\u003ercv_nxt 265600160]\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: __tcp_cleanup_rbuf(\u003c-)\n [rcv_nxt 265600160, rcv_wnd 262144, snt_ack 265469200, win_now 131184]\n [copied_seq 260040464-\u003e260040464 (0), unread 5559696, qlen 85, ofoq 0]\n returning 6104 bytes\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_recvmsg_locked(\u003c-)\n\n// After each read, the algorithm for calculating the new receive\n// window in __tcp_cleanup_rbuf() finds it is too small to advertise\n// or to update tp-\u003ercv_wnd.\n// Meanwhile, the peer thinks the window is zero, and will not send\n// any more data to trigger an update from the interrupt mode side.\n\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: tcp_recvmsg_locked(-\u003e)\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: __tcp_cleanup_rbuf(-\u003e) tp-\u003ercv_wup: 265469200, tp-\u003ercv_wnd: 262144, tp-\u003ercv_nxt 265600160\n[5201\u003c-\u003e39222]: [new_win = 262144, win_now = 131184, 2 * win_n\n---truncated---",
"id": "GHSA-q383-xwj3-rcf5",
"modified": "2025-12-16T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T03:34:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dd823a46e25ffde1492c391934f69a9e5eb574f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8c670bdfa58e48abad1d5b6ca1ee843ca91f7303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b01e7ceb35dcb7ffad413da657b78c3340a09039"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b4055e2fe96f4ef101d8af0feb056d78d77514ff"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q3V6-CHW5-G495
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 18:14In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type
The access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is a low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled interrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this purpose.
A spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be acquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in the same context as the pci_lock.
Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with interrupts disabled.
This was reported as:
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Call Trace: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90
[bigeasy: reword commit message] Tested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves lgoncalv@redhat.com [kwilczynski: commit log] [bhelgaas: add back report info from https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23161"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T13:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nPCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type\n\nThe access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is\na low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled\ninterrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this\npurpose.\n\nA spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be\nacquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in\nthe same context as the pci_lock.\n\nMake vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with\ninterrupts disabled.\n\nThis was reported as:\n\n BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48\n Call Trace:\n rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130\n vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd]\n pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0\n pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290\n sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90\n\n[bigeasy: reword commit message]\nTested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves \u003clgoncalv@redhat.com\u003e\n[kwilczynski: commit log]\n[bhelgaas: add back report info from\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]",
"id": "GHSA-q3v6-chw5-g495",
"modified": "2025-11-05T18:14:26Z",
"published": "2025-05-01T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13e5148f70e81991acbe0bab5b1b50ba699116e7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18056a48669a040bef491e63b25896561ee14d90"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20d0a9062c031068fa39f725a32f182b709b5525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2358046ead696ca5c7c628d6c0e2c6792619a3e5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c3cfcf0b4bf43530788b08a8eaf7896ec567484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2968c812339593ac6e2bdd5cc3adabe3f05fa53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use industry standard APIs to implement locking mechanism.
CAPEC-25: Forced Deadlock
The adversary triggers and exploits a deadlock condition in the target software to cause a denial of service. A deadlock can occur when two or more competing actions are waiting for each other to finish, and thus neither ever does. Deadlock conditions can be difficult to detect.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.