CWE-639
AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
3828 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QC5M-7R97-W8MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-06 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-06 15:32Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in Mercado Pago payments for WooCommerce <= 8.9.0 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28180"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-06T15:16:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in Mercado Pago payments for WooCommerce \u003c= 8.9.0 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-qc5m-7r97-w8mq",
"modified": "2026-08-06T15:32:45Z",
"published": "2026-08-06T15:32:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woocommerce-mercadopago/vulnerability/wordpress-mercado-pago-payments-for-woocommerce-plugin-8-9-0-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QC5P-3MG5-9FH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 16:11 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:17Summary
A critical Broken Access Control vulnerability was identified in the ActionsController of the Avo framework (v3.x). Due to insecure action lookup logic, an authenticated user can execute any Action class (descendants of Avo::BaseAction) on any resource, even if the action is not registered for that specific resource. This leads to Privilege Escalation and unauthorized data manipulation across the entire application.
Details
The vulnerability exists in the action_class method within app/controllers/avo/actions_controller.rb.
Vulnerable Code
def action_class
# It searches through ALL descendants of BaseAction without resource validation
Avo::BaseAction.descendants.find do |action|
action.to_s == params[:action_id]
end
end
The controller identifies the action class to execute solely based on the params[:action_id] by searching through all BaseAction descendants. It fails to verify whether the requested action is actually permitted or registered for the resource context specified in the request URL (e.g., /admin/resources/posts/actions).
Consequently, an attacker can invoke sensitive actions (e.g., Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin) through an unrelated resource endpoint (e.g., Post), bypassing the intended resource-action mapping.
Impact
This flaw results in significant security risks:
- Privilege Escalation: An authenticated user with low privileges can execute administrative actions (like toggling admin roles) to escalate their own or others' permissions.
- Unauthorized Operations: Actions designed for restricted resources can be triggered against any record ID in the database.
- Data Integrity Compromise: Attackers can perform unauthorized destructive operations (e.g., Delete, Archive, or Update) on records they should not have access to.
Proof of Concept (PoC)
Steps to Reproduce:
- Log in to the Avo admin panel with limited permissions.
- Identify a target record ID (e.g., User ID: 1) and a sensitive action class (e.g.,
Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin). - Send a POST request to a resource endpoint where the target action is not registered:
- URL:
POST /admin/resources/posts/actions - Payload:
action_id=Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin&fields[avo_resource_ids]=1
- URL:
- The server executes the
ToggleAdminlogic on User 1, even though the request was made through thepostsresource context.
PoC Script Snippet:
# Simulating the unauthorized action execution
data = {
'action_id': 'Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin',
'fields[avo_resource_ids]': '1', # Target Record ID
'authenticity_token': csrf_token
}
response = session.post(f"{BASE_URL}/admin/resources/posts/actions", data=data)
Remediation
Restrict the action lookup to only those actions explicitly registered for the current resource context:
def action_class
# Validate that the action is registered for the current resource
@resource.get_actions.find do |action|
action.to_s == params[:action_id]
end
end
Discoverer
Illunight
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "avo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.31.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-24T16:11:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T22:16:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA critical Broken Access Control vulnerability was identified in the `ActionsController` of the Avo framework (v3.x). Due to insecure action lookup logic, an authenticated user can execute any Action class (descendants of `Avo::BaseAction`) on any resource, even if the action is not registered for that specific resource. This leads to Privilege Escalation and unauthorized data manipulation across the entire application.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the `action_class` method within `app/controllers/avo/actions_controller.rb`.\n\n#### Vulnerable Code\n\n```ruby\ndef action_class\n # It searches through ALL descendants of BaseAction without resource validation\n Avo::BaseAction.descendants.find do |action|\n action.to_s == params[:action_id]\n end\nend\n```\n\nThe controller identifies the action class to execute solely based on the `params[:action_id]` by searching through all `BaseAction` descendants. It fails to verify whether the requested action is actually permitted or registered for the resource context specified in the request URL (e.g., `/admin/resources/posts/actions`).\n\nConsequently, an attacker can invoke sensitive actions (e.g., `Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin`) through an unrelated resource endpoint (e.g., `Post`), bypassing the intended resource-action mapping.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis flaw results in significant security risks:\n\n- **Privilege Escalation:** An authenticated user with low privileges can execute administrative actions (like toggling admin roles) to escalate their own or others\u0027 permissions.\n- **Unauthorized Operations:** Actions designed for restricted resources can be triggered against any record ID in the database.\n- **Data Integrity Compromise:** Attackers can perform unauthorized destructive operations (e.g., Delete, Archive, or Update) on records they should not have access to.\n\n### Proof of Concept (PoC)\n\n**Steps to Reproduce:**\n\n01. Log in to the Avo admin panel with limited permissions.\n02. Identify a target record ID (e.g., User ID: 1) and a sensitive action class (e.g., `Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin`).\n03. Send a POST request to a resource endpoint where the target action is not registered:\n - **URL:** `POST /admin/resources/posts/actions`\n - **Payload:** `action_id=Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin\u0026fields[avo_resource_ids]=1`\n04. The server executes the `ToggleAdmin` logic on User 1, even though the request was made through the `posts` resource context.\n\n**PoC Script Snippet:**\n\n```python\n# Simulating the unauthorized action execution\ndata = {\n \u0027action_id\u0027: \u0027Avo::Actions::ToggleAdmin\u0027,\n \u0027fields[avo_resource_ids]\u0027: \u00271\u0027, # Target Record ID\n \u0027authenticity_token\u0027: csrf_token\n}\nresponse = session.post(f\"{BASE_URL}/admin/resources/posts/actions\", data=data)\n```\n\n### Remediation\n\nRestrict the action lookup to only those actions explicitly registered for the current resource context:\n\n```ruby\ndef action_class\n # Validate that the action is registered for the current resource\n @resource.get_actions.find do |action|\n action.to_s == params[:action_id]\n end\nend\n```\n\n### Discoverer\n\nIllunight",
"id": "GHSA-qc5p-3mg5-9fh8",
"modified": "2026-06-08T23:17:53Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T16:11:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/avo-hq/avo/security/advisories/GHSA-qc5p-3mg5-9fh8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42205"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/avo-hq/avo"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/avo-hq/avo/releases/tag/v3.31.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/avo/CVE-2026-42205.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Avo: Broken Access Control Through Unauthorized Execution of Arbitrary Action Classes Across Resources"
}
GHSA-QC7R-9GXQ-W2HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-05 15:32Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Beefull Energy Technologies Beefull App allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.This issue affects Beefull App: before 24.07.2025.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-16T13:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Beefull Energy Technologies Beefull App allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.This issue affects Beefull App: before 24.07.2025.",
"id": "GHSA-qc7r-9gxq-w2hj",
"modified": "2026-06-05T15:32:04Z",
"published": "2025-09-16T15:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0255"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCF5-M2C6-89F2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-28 15:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 15:45usememos/memos 0.9.0 and prior is vulnerable to Improper Authorization.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.9.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/usememos/memos"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-30T19:57:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-28T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "usememos/memos 0.9.0 and prior is vulnerable to Improper Authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-qcf5-m2c6-89f2",
"modified": "2023-01-10T15:45:55Z",
"published": "2022-12-28T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos/commit/3556ae4e651d9443dc3bb8a170dd3cc726517a53"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/e12eed25-1a8e-4ee1-b846-2d4df1db2fae"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "usememos/memos Improper Authorization vulnerability"
}
GHSA-QCF7-52W8-GP39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 09:31 – Updated: 2024-12-13 09:31The WP Timetics- AI-powered Appointment Booking Calendar and Online Scheduling Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the /wp-json/timetics/v1/customers/ REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.27. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Timetics Customer access and above, to delete arbitrary users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11275"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T09:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WP Timetics- AI-powered Appointment Booking Calendar and Online Scheduling Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the /wp-json/timetics/v1/customers/ REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.27. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Timetics Customer access and above, to delete arbitrary users.",
"id": "GHSA-qcf7-52w8-gp39",
"modified": "2024-12-13T09:31:13Z",
"published": "2024-12-13T09:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/timetics/trunk/core/customers/api-customer.php#L308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3206505%40timetics\u0026new=3206505%40timetics\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=#file199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d68e250e-d850-4100-81db-3e3c48a3a4a1?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCFF-576G-HQPP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-11 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:34An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability leads to events profiles access in Elenos ETG150 FM transmitter running on version 3.12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45396"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-11T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability leads to events profiles access in Elenos ETG150 FM transmitter running on version 3.12.",
"id": "GHSA-qcff-576g-hqpp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:34:02Z",
"published": "2023-10-11T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45396"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/strik3r0x1/Vulns/blob/main/%28IDOR%29%20leads%20to%20events%20profiles%20access%20-%20Elenos.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/strik3r0x1/Vulns/blob/main/(IDOR)%20leads%20to%20events%20profiles%20access%20-%20Elenos.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCJ5-MP4W-93GP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 09:31The FlowForms – Conversational Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.1 via the update_form due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to modify the content, design, and settings of, as well as publish or revert, any form on the site — including forms owned by administrators — by supplying an arbitrary form ID in the REST URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12400"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T09:16:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The FlowForms \u2013 Conversational Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.1 via the update_form due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to modify the content, design, and settings of, as well as publish or revert, any form on the site \u2014 including forms owned by administrators \u2014 by supplying an arbitrary form ID in the REST URL.",
"id": "GHSA-qcj5-mp4w-93gp",
"modified": "2026-07-10T09:31:38Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T09:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/flowforms/tags/1.1.1/includes/class-rest-api.php#L48"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/flowforms/tags/1.1.1/includes/class-rest-api.php#L493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/flowforms/tags/1.1.1/includes/class-rest-api.php#L562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/flowforms/tags/1.1.1/includes/class-rest-api.php#L603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/flowforms/tags/1.1.1/includes/class-rest-api.php#L654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/flowforms/tags/1.1.1/includes/class-rest-api.php#L694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3577870%40flowforms\u0026new=3577870%40flowforms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7f4e6133-f833-4da2-af4a-e7e7fcedfe3c?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF25-72QJ-2PRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-20 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Jordy Meow Photo Engine (Media Organizer & Lightroom).This issue affects Photo Engine (Media Organizer & Lightroom): from n/a through 6.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-20T14:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Jordy Meow Photo Engine (Media Organizer \u0026 Lightroom).This issue affects Photo Engine (Media Organizer \u0026 Lightroom): from n/a through 6.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-qf25-72qj-2prr",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:27Z",
"published": "2023-12-20T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wplr-sync/wordpress-photo-engine-plugin-6-2-5-insecure-direct-object-references-idor?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF92-C3MG-JH95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:43 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:43In Kanboard before 1.0.47, by altering form data, an authenticated user can add a new category to a private project of another user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-11T01:32:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Kanboard before 1.0.47, by altering form data, an authenticated user can add a new category to a private project of another user.",
"id": "GHSA-qf92-c3mg-jh95",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:43:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:43:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kanboard/kanboard/commit/074f6c104f3e49401ef0065540338fc2d4be79f0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kanboard/kanboard/commit/3e0f14ae2b0b5a44bd038a472f17eac75f538524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kanboard.net/news/version-1.0.47"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/10/04/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF98-5P3C-J3VC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-05 17:48 – Updated: 2025-11-05 21:31DWSurvey 6.14.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. When deleting a questionnaire, replacing the questionnaire ID with the ID of another questionnaire can enable the deletion of other questionnaires.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-05T17:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DWSurvey 6.14.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. When deleting a questionnaire, replacing the questionnaire ID with the ID of another questionnaire can enable the deletion of other questionnaires.",
"id": "GHSA-qf98-5p3c-j3vc",
"modified": "2025-11-05T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-11-05T17:48:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/wkeyuan/DWSurvey"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Chen1-Boop/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2025-63248.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.