CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
updated Description
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5712 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-36PF-7582-RQCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 12:32 – Updated: 2026-07-16 12:32HCL DFXServer is affected by a Broken Authentication vulnerability via direct API access. The application fails to verify the user's authentication status when accessing specific API endpoints, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to interact with the APIs and perform unauthorized actions without valid credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T12:17:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HCL DFXServer is affected by a Broken Authentication vulnerability via direct API access. The application fails to verify the user\u0027s authentication status when accessing specific API endpoints, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to interact with the APIs and perform unauthorized actions without valid credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-36pf-7582-rqcr",
"modified": "2026-07-16T12:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T12:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0131782"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36WC-4PRF-GP6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-21 00:00The Login No Captcha reCAPTCHA WordPress plugin before 1.7 doesn't check the proper IP address allowing attackers to spoof IP addresses on the allow list and bypass the need for captcha on the login screen.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2913"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-16T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Login No Captcha reCAPTCHA WordPress plugin before 1.7 doesn\u0027t check the proper IP address allowing attackers to spoof IP addresses on the allow list and bypass the need for captcha on the login screen.",
"id": "GHSA-36wc-4prf-gp6g",
"modified": "2022-09-21T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-09-17T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/5231ac18-ea9a-4bb9-af9f-e3d95a3b54f1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36WF-CX88-GFJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-27 06:30 – Updated: 2026-09-28 03:30The Online Scheduling and Appointment Booking System WordPress plugin before 28.3 does not verify that appointment and payment records requested through its staff-role AJAX actions belong to the requesting staff member, allowing authenticated attackers with a staff-level account to view, modify and delete other staff members' appointments and payments, including the associated customer's personal information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-86839"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-27T06:17:14Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Online Scheduling and Appointment Booking System WordPress plugin before 28.3 does not verify that appointment and payment records requested through its staff-role AJAX actions belong to the requesting staff member, allowing authenticated attackers with a staff-level account to view, modify and delete other staff members\u0027 appointments and payments, including the associated customer\u0027s personal information.",
"id": "GHSA-36wf-cx88-gfjh",
"modified": "2026-09-28T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2026-09-27T06:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3ab8b879-3ef7-4aa4-8620-1bde99697dcb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-375W-QXCP-H82P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-12 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-03 18:33Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Utarit Information SoliClub allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects SoliClub: before 4.4.0 for iOS, before 5.2.1 for Android.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3305"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-12T13:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Utarit Information SoliClub allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects SoliClub: before 4.4.0 for iOS, before 5.2.1 for Android.",
"id": "GHSA-375w-qxcp-h82p",
"modified": "2026-06-03T18:33:05Z",
"published": "2024-09-12T15:33:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-24-1457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-1457"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-377J-R7WX-8V2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 09:30The Ninja Forms – The Contact Form Builder That Grows With You plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 3.13.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized before the ninja-forms-views REST endpoints return form metadata and submission content. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary form definitions and submission records via a leaked bearer token granted they can load any page containing the Submissions Table block. NOTE: The developer released a patch for this issue in 3.13.1, but inadvertently introduced a REST API endpoint in which a valid bearer token could be minted for arbitrary form IDs, making this patch ineffective.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T07:15:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Ninja Forms \u2013 The Contact Form Builder That Grows With You plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 3.13.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized before the `ninja-forms-views` REST endpoints return form metadata and submission content. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary form definitions and submission records via a leaked bearer token granted they can load any page containing the Submissions Table block. NOTE: The developer released a patch for this issue in 3.13.1, but inadvertently introduced a REST API endpoint in which a valid bearer token could be minted for arbitrary form IDs, making this patch ineffective.",
"id": "GHSA-377j-r7wx-8v2h",
"modified": "2025-12-17T09:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-12-17T09:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3415563/ninja-forms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4240cdae-9122-443e-8a7e-3369e74384be?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37C6-V768-8X6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-12 03:31 – Updated: 2026-08-27 06:31A flaw was found in multicloud-operators-subscription. A privileged user, specifically a namespace administrator capable of creating Channel and Subscription resources, can exploit this vulnerability. By manipulating the Channel.Spec.SecretRef.Namespace field, the user can cause the system to copy sensitive Secret contents from other namespaces into their own, leading to information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-66878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-12T02:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in multicloud-operators-subscription. A privileged user, specifically a namespace administrator capable of creating Channel and Subscription resources, can exploit this vulnerability. By manipulating the Channel.Spec.SecretRef.Namespace field, the user can cause the system to copy sensitive Secret contents from other namespaces into their own, leading to information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-37c6-v768-8x6w",
"modified": "2026-08-27T06:31:22Z",
"published": "2026-08-12T03:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-66878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514226"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37F6-M354-672C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:02The UsersWP WordPress plugin before 1.2.3.1 is missing access controls when updating a user avatar, and does not make sure file names for user avatars are unique, allowing a logged in user to overwrite another users avatar.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0442"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-07T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The UsersWP WordPress plugin before 1.2.3.1 is missing access controls when updating a user avatar, and does not make sure file names for user avatars are unique, allowing a logged in user to overwrite another users avatar.",
"id": "GHSA-37f6-m354-672c",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:02:55Z",
"published": "2022-03-08T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/9cf0822a-c9d6-4ebc-b905-95b143d1a692"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37GW-P3C6-34PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-16 00:31 – Updated: 2026-10-16 00:31BISHENG through 3.0.0-beta4 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privileged users to read other users' parsed documents by supplying arbitrary file_id values. Attackers can enumerate sequential file ids against GET /api/v1/knowledge/file_bbox to retrieve extracted page text from other users' and tenants' knowledge bases.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-111363"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-15T22:19:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BISHENG through 3.0.0-beta4 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privileged users to read other users\u0027 parsed documents by supplying arbitrary file_id values. Attackers can enumerate sequential file ids against GET /api/v1/knowledge/file_bbox to retrieve extracted page text from other users\u0027 and tenants\u0027 knowledge bases.",
"id": "GHSA-37gw-p3c6-34pr",
"modified": "2026-10-16T00:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-10-16T00:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dataelement/bisheng"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dataelement/bisheng/blob/v3.0.0-beta4/src/backend/bisheng/knowledge/api/endpoints/knowledge.py#L663-L670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dataelement/bisheng/blob/v3.0.0-beta4/src/backend/bisheng/knowledge/domain/services/knowledge_service.py#L2523-L2533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@hieuPenguinnn/bisheng-knowledge-file-bbox-cross-user-idor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bisheng-through-3.0.0-beta4-idor-via-api-v1-knowledge-file-bbox"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-384Q-GQ9C-W4G3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-03 00:00Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability in Spiffy Plugins Spiffy Calendar <= 4.9.0 at WordPress allows an attacker to edit or delete events.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-20T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability in Spiffy Plugins Spiffy Calendar \u003c= 4.9.0 at WordPress allows an attacker to edit or delete events.",
"id": "GHSA-384q-gq9c-w4g3",
"modified": "2022-06-03T00:00:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-21T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/spiffy-calendar/wordpress-spiffy-calendar-plugin-4-9-0-edit-delete-event-via-idor-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/spiffy-calendar/#developers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-38R8-4JHQ-5H69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-21 03:32 – Updated: 2026-10-21 03:32Trigger.dev before 4.7.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows holders of unrestricted environment API keys to block runs they do not own by supplying a foreign parentRunId to batch-creation endpoints. Attackers can send requests to POST /api/v3/batches or POST /api/v2/tasks/batch with resumeParentOnCompletion to suspend, indefinitely block, or inject errors into production or cross-organization runs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-114066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-21T01:17:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Trigger.dev before 4.7.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows holders of unrestricted environment API keys to block runs they do not own by supplying a foreign parentRunId to batch-creation endpoints. Attackers can send requests to POST /api/v3/batches or POST /api/v2/tasks/batch with resumeParentOnCompletion to suspend, indefinitely block, or inject errors into production or cross-organization runs.",
"id": "GHSA-38r8-4jhq-5h69",
"modified": "2026-10-21T03:32:19Z",
"published": "2026-10-21T03:32:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/triggerdotdev/trigger.dev/security/advisories/GHSA-qwrm-2cq8-xfr8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-114066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/trigger-dev-before-4.7.0-missing-authorization-via-batch-parentrunid-waitpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.