Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2020-3558 (GCVE-0-2020-3558)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-10-21 18:41 – Updated: 2024-11-13 17:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Firepower Management Center Software Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to modify the HTTP request to cause the interface to redirect the user to a specific, malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Management Center |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-10-21 00:00
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CVE-2020-3337 (GCVE-0-2020-3337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-06-18 02:16 – Updated: 2024-11-15 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Umbrella Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
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Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Umbrella |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-06-17 00:00
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CVE-2020-3311 (GCVE-0-2020-3311)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-05-06 16:40 – Updated: 2024-11-15 17:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Firepower Management Center Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a specific malicious web page.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Management Center |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-05-06 00:00
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CVE-2020-3178 (GCVE-0-2020-3178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-05-06 16:35 – Updated: 2024-11-15 17:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Content Security Management Appliance Open Redirect Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based GUI of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerabilities are due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by intercepting an HTTP request and modifying it to redirect a user to a specific malicious URL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page or to obtain sensitive browser-based information. This type of attack is commonly referred to as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks to get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA) |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-05-06 00:00
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CVE-2020-1997 (GCVE-0-2020-1997)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-05-13 19:07 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PAN-OS: GlobalProtect registration open redirect
Summary
An open redirection vulnerability in the GlobalProtect component of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS allows an attacker to specify an arbitrary redirection target away from the trusted GlobalProtect gateway. If the user then successfully authenticates it will cause them to access an unexpected and potentially malicious website. This issue affects: PAN-OS 7.1 versions earlier than 7.1.26; PAN-OS 8.0 versions earlier than 8.0.14.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2020-1997 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | PAN-OS |
Unaffected:
8.1.*
Unaffected: 9.0.* Unaffected: 9.1.* Affected: 7.1 , < 7.1.26 (custom) Affected: 8.0 , < 8.0.14 (custom) |
Date Public
2020-05-13 00:00
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CVE-2020-1927 (GCVE-0-2020-1927)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-04-01 23:08 – Updated: 2024-08-04 06:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Apache HTTP Server 2.4.0 to 2.4.41, redirects configured with mod_rewrite that were intended to be self-referential might be fooled by encoded newlines and redirect instead to an an unexpected URL within the request URL.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-601 - mod_rewrite CWE-601 open redirect
Assigner
References
27 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4.0 to 2.4.41
|
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CVE-2020-1723 (GCVE-0-2020-1723)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-01-28 19:07 – Updated: 2024-08-04 06:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw was found in Keycloak Gatekeeper (Louketo). The logout endpoint can be abused to redirect logged-in users to arbitrary web pages. Affected versions of Keycloak Gatekeeper (Louketo): 6.0.1, 7.0.0
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1770276 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://issues.redhat.com/browse/KEYCLOAK-11318 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Louketo | Keycloak Gatekeeper |
Affected:
6.0.1
Affected: 7.0.0 |
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CVE-2019-25282 (GCVE-0-2019-25282)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 23:10 – Updated: 2026-01-08 19:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
V-SOL GPON/EPON OLT Platform V2.03.62R_IPv6 v2.03 Open Redirect via bindProfile.html
Summary
V-SOL GPON/EPON OLT Platform v2.03 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the script that allows attackers to manipulate the 'parent' GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect logged-in users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the redirect mechanism.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | third-party-advisory |
| https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154628 | exploit |
| https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilit… | vdb-entry |
| https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2019090193 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.vsolcn.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guangzhou V | V-SOL GPON/EPON OLT Platform |
Affected:
V2.03.62R_IPv6
Affected: V2.03.54R Affected: V2.03.52R Affected: V2.03.49 Affected: V2.03.47 Affected: V2.03.40 Affected: V2.03.26 Affected: V2.03.24 Affected: V1.8.6 Affected: V1.4 |
Date Public
2019-09-26 00:00
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CVE-2019-19758 (GCVE-0-2019-19758)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-02-14 17:10 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the web interface of Lenovo EZ Media & Backup Center, ix2 & ix2-dl version 4.1.406.34763 and prior could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to an untrusted web page.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lenovo | EZ Media & Backup Center ix2 |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 4.1.406.34763
(custom)
|
|
| Lenovo | EZ Media & Backup Center ix2-dl |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 4.1.406.34763
(custom)
|
Date Public
2020-02-14 00:00
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CVE-2019-15974 (GCVE-0-2019-15974)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-09-23 00:27 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Managed Services Accelerator Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Managed Services Accelerator (MSX) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting a user's HTTP request and modifying it into a request that causes the web interface to redirect the user to a specific malicious URL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Managed Services Accelerator |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2019-11-06 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.