Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2021-23888 (GCVE-0-2021-23888)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-26 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:14
VLAI
Title
McAfee ePO unvalidated URL redirect vulnerability
Summary
Unvalidated client-side URL redirect vulnerability in McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) prior to 5.10 Update 10 could cause an authenticated ePO user to load an untrusted site in an ePO iframe which could steal information from the authenticated user.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
McAfee,LLC McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) Affected: unspecified , < 5.10 CU 10 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2021-23052 (GCVE-0-2021-23052)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-14 12:18 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
On version 14.1.x before 14.1.4.4 and all versions of 13.1.x, an open redirect vulnerability exists on virtual servers enabled with a BIG-IP APM access policy. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated malicious user to build an open redirect URI. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
f5
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a BIG-IP APM Affected: 14.1.x before 14.1.4.4 and all versions of 13.1.x
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22963 (GCVE-0-2021-22963)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-14 14:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
A redirect vulnerability in the fastify-static module version < 4.2.4 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a double slash // followed by a domain: http://localhost:3000//google.com/%2e%2e.The issue shows up on all the fastify-static applications that set redirect: true option. By default, it is false.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - Open Redirect (CWE-601)
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://hackerone.com/reports/1354255 x_refsource_MISC
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/fastify/fastify-static Affected: Affects < v4.2.4. Fixed in >= v4.2.4
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22942 (GCVE-0-2021-22942)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-18 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
A possible open redirect vulnerability in the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow attackers to redirect users to a malicious website.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - Open Redirect (CWE-601)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/rails/rails Affected: 6.1.4.1, 6.0.4.1
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22903 (GCVE-0-2021-22903)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-11 15:49 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
The actionpack ruby gem before 6.1.3.2 suffers from a possible open redirect vulnerability. Specially crafted Host headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website. This is similar to CVE-2021-22881. Strings in config.hosts that do not have a leading dot are converted to regular expressions without proper escaping. This causes, for example, `config.hosts << "sub.example.com"` to permit a request with a Host header value of `sub-example.com`.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - Open Redirect (CWE-601)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/rails/rails Affected: Fixed in 6.1.3.2
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22881 (GCVE-0-2021-22881)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-11 16:12 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
The Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack before 6.1.2.1, 6.0.3.5 suffers from an open redirect vulnerability. Specially crafted `Host` headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website. Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted `Host` header can be used to redirect to a malicious website.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - Open Redirect (CWE-601)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/rails/rails Affected: Fixed in 6.1.2.1, 6.0.3.5
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22873 (GCVE-0-2021-22873)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-01-21 19:14 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:51
VLAI
Summary
Revive Adserver before 5.1.0 is vulnerable to open redirects via the `dest`, `oadest`, and/or `ct0` parameters of the lg.php and ck.php delivery scripts. Such open redirects had previously been available by design to allow third party ad servers to track such metrics when delivering ads. However, third party click tracking via redirects is not a viable option anymore, leading to such open redirect functionality being removed and reclassified as a vulnerability.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - Open Redirect (CWE-601)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/revive-adserver/revive-adserver Affected: Fixed in 5.1.0
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22526 (GCVE-0-2021-22526)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-13 12:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 18:43
VLAI
Title
Open Redirection vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager versions prior to version 4.5.4 and 5.0.1
Summary
Open Redirection vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager prior to 5.0.1 and 4.5.4
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Micro Focus NetIQ Access Manager Affected: NetIQ Access Manager , < 5.0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2021-08-31 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22141 (GCVE-0-2021-22141)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-18 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-29 19:36
VLAI
Summary
An open redirect flaw was found in Kibana versions before 7.13.0 and 6.8.16. If a logged in user visits a maliciously crafted URL, it could result in Kibana redirecting the user to an arbitrary website.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Elastic Kibana Affected: All versions of Kibana before 7.13.0 and 6.8.16.
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22098 (GCVE-0-2021-22098)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-11 20:49 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:30
VLAI
Summary
UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious user can exploit the open redirect vulnerability by social engineering leading to take over of victims’ accounts in certain cases along with redirection of UAA users to a malicious sites.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a UAA server Affected: Cloud Foundry UAA server prior to version 75.4.0
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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