CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JP94-3292-C3XV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 15:41 – Updated: 2026-05-29 21:44Summary
When the Timeoutable module is enabled in Devise, the FailureApp#redirect_url method returns request.referrer — the HTTP Referer header, which is attacker-controllable — without validation for any non-GET request that results in a session timeout. An attacker who hosts a page with an auto-submitting cross-origin form can cause a victim with an expired Devise session to be redirected to an arbitrary external URL. This contrasts with the GET timeout path (which uses server-side attempted_path) and Devise's own store_location_for mechanism (which strips external hosts via extract_path_from_location), both of which are protected; only the non-GET timeout redirect path is unprotected.
Details
The vulnerable code is in lib/devise/failure_app.rb:
def redirect_url
if warden_message == :timeout
flash[:timedout] = true if is_flashing_format?
path = if request.get?
attempted_path # safe: server-side value from warden options
else
request.referrer # UNSAFE: HTTP Referer header, attacker-controlled
end
path || scope_url
else
scope_url
end
end
This is passed directly to redirect_to:
def redirect
store_location!
# ...
redirect_to redirect_url # redirect_url may be an external attacker URL
end
The GET timeout path uses attempted_path, which is set server-side by Warden and cannot be influenced by the client. The store_location! method also only runs for GET requests, so no session-based protection is applied on POST timeouts.
By contrast, Devise's store_location_for method (used elsewhere) correctly sanitizes URLs via extract_path_from_location, which strips the scheme and host.
Impact
- Victims with expired sessions who click any attacker-crafted link or visit an attacker page with an auto-submitting form are redirected to an arbitrary external URL.
- The redirect happens transparently via a trusted domain (the target app's domain), bypassing browser phishing warnings.
- An attacker can redirect victims to a fake login page to harvest credentials (phishing), or to malicious download sites.
Note: Rails' built-in open-redirect protection does not mitigate this issue. Devise::FailureApp is an ActionController::Metal app with its own isolated copy of the relevant redirect configuration, so config.action_controller.action_on_open_redirect = :raise (and the older raise_on_open_redirects setting) do not reach it.
Patches
This is patched in Devise v5.0.4. Users should upgrade as soon as possible.
Workaround
None beyond upgrading. If an upgrade is not immediately possible, the same changes from the patch commit can be applied as a monkey-patch in a Rails initializer (Devise::FailureApp#redirect_url and Devise::Controllers::StoreLocation#extract_path_from_location). Remove the monkey-patch after upgrading.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "devise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T15:41:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-22T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nWhen the `Timeoutable` module is enabled in Devise, the `FailureApp#redirect_url` method returns `request.referrer` \u2014 the HTTP `Referer` header, which is attacker-controllable \u2014 without validation for any non-GET request that results in a session timeout. An attacker who hosts a page with an auto-submitting cross-origin form can cause a victim with an expired Devise session to be redirected to an arbitrary external URL. This contrasts with the GET timeout path (which uses server-side `attempted_path`) and Devise\u0027s own `store_location_for` mechanism (which strips external hosts via `extract_path_from_location`), both of which are protected; only the non-GET timeout redirect path is unprotected.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerable code is in `lib/devise/failure_app.rb`:\n\n```ruby\ndef redirect_url\n if warden_message == :timeout\n flash[:timedout] = true if is_flashing_format?\n\n path = if request.get?\n attempted_path # safe: server-side value from warden options\n else\n request.referrer # UNSAFE: HTTP Referer header, attacker-controlled\n end\n\n path || scope_url\n else\n scope_url\n end\nend\n```\n\nThis is passed directly to `redirect_to`:\n\n```ruby\ndef redirect\n store_location!\n # ...\n redirect_to redirect_url # redirect_url may be an external attacker URL\nend\n```\n\nThe GET timeout path uses `attempted_path`, which is set server-side by Warden and cannot be influenced by the client. The `store_location!` method also only runs for GET requests, so no session-based protection is applied on POST timeouts.\n\nBy contrast, Devise\u0027s `store_location_for` method (used elsewhere) correctly sanitizes URLs via `extract_path_from_location`, which strips the scheme and host.\n\n## Impact\n\n- Victims with expired sessions who click any attacker-crafted link or visit an attacker page with an auto-submitting form are redirected to an arbitrary external URL.\n- The redirect happens transparently via a trusted domain (the target app\u0027s domain), bypassing browser phishing warnings.\n- An attacker can redirect victims to a fake login page to harvest credentials (phishing), or to malicious download sites.\n\n_Note_: Rails\u0027 built-in open-redirect protection does not mitigate this issue. `Devise::FailureApp` is an `ActionController::Metal` app with its own isolated copy of the relevant redirect configuration, so `config.action_controller.action_on_open_redirect = :raise` (and the older `raise_on_open_redirects` setting) do not reach it.\n\n## Patches\n\nThis is patched in Devise v5.0.4. Users should upgrade as soon as possible.\n\n## Workaround\n\nNone beyond upgrading. If an upgrade is not immediately possible, the same changes from the patch commit can be applied as a monkey-patch in a Rails initializer (`Devise::FailureApp#redirect_url` and `Devise::Controllers::StoreLocation#extract_path_from_location`). Remove the monkey-patch after upgrading.",
"id": "GHSA-jp94-3292-c3xv",
"modified": "2026-05-29T21:44:44Z",
"published": "2026-05-08T15:41:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/heartcombo/devise/security/advisories/GHSA-jp94-3292-c3xv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/heartcombo/devise/commit/025fe2124f9928766fc46520e999633b598d0360"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/heartcombo/devise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/devise/CVE-2026-40295.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Devise has an Open Redirect via Unvalidated `request.referrer` in Timeoutable Session Timeout Handler"
}
GHSA-JPMH-FXH8-HCQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2023-06-06 15:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in WooSidebars Sidebar Manager Converter Plugin up to 1.1.1 on WordPress. This affects the function process_request of the file classes/class-woosidebars-sbm-converter.php. The manipulation leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 1.1.2 is able to address this issue. The patch is named a0efb4ffb9dfe2925b889c1aa5ea40b4abbbda8a. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-230655.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-10115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-05T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in WooSidebars Sidebar Manager Converter Plugin up to 1.1.1 on WordPress. This affects the function process_request of the file classes/class-woosidebars-sbm-converter.php. The manipulation leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 1.1.2 is able to address this issue. The patch is named a0efb4ffb9dfe2925b889c1aa5ea40b4abbbda8a. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-230655.",
"id": "GHSA-jpmh-fxh8-hcqg",
"modified": "2023-06-06T15:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/woosidebars-sbm-converter/commit/a0efb4ffb9dfe2925b889c1aa5ea40b4abbbda8a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.230655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.230655"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQ3F-MFMG-747X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-30 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-07 18:52In Eclipse Glassfish versions before 7.0.17, the Host HTTP parameter could cause the web application to redirect to the specified URL, when the requested endpoint is /management/domain. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.glassfish.main.admin:rest-service"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9329"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-233",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-30T17:13:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-30T08:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Eclipse Glassfish versions before 7.0.17, the Host HTTP parameter could cause the web application to redirect to the specified URL, when the requested endpoint is `/management/domain`. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-jq3f-mfmg-747x",
"modified": "2024-10-07T18:52:19Z",
"published": "2024-09-30T09:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/glassfish/pull/25106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/glassfish/commit/6ca35eee2ba90a8108984b27bec33f9cc50cd83b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/glassfish"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/232"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Eclipse Glassfish improperly handles http parameters"
}
GHSA-JQHM-69G8-7V93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-24 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in smp7, wp.Insider Simple Membership allows Phishing.This issue affects Simple Membership: from n/a through 4.5.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49682"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-24T12:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in smp7, wp.Insider Simple Membership allows Phishing.This issue affects Simple Membership: from n/a through 4.5.3.",
"id": "GHSA-jqhm-69g8-7v93",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:10Z",
"published": "2024-10-24T12:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/simple-membership/vulnerability/wordpress-simple-membership-plugin-4-5-3-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/simple-membership/wordpress-simple-membership-plugin-4-5-3-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQXR-VJVV-899M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-14 14:54 – Updated: 2023-06-14 14:54Summary
There is an open redirect in the @keystone-6/auth package, where the redirect leading / filter can be bypassed.
Impact
Users may be redirected to domains other than the relative host, thereby it might be used by attackers to re-direct users to an unexpected location.
Mitigations
- Don't use the
@keystone-6/authpackage
References
- CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
- OWASP: Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards Cheat Sheet
Similar Vulnerability Reports
Credits
Thanks to morioka12 for reporting this problem.
If you have any questions around this security advisory, please don't hesitate to contact us at security@keystonejs.com, or open an issue on GitHub.
If you have a security flaw to report for any software in this repository, please see our SECURITY policy.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@keystone-6/auth"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34247"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-14T14:54:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T17:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThere is an open redirect in the `@keystone-6/auth` package, where the redirect leading `/` filter can be bypassed.\n\n### Impact\nUsers may be redirected to domains other than the relative host, thereby it might be used by attackers to re-direct users to an unexpected location.\n\n### Mitigations\n- Don\u0027t use the `@keystone-6/auth` package\n\n### References\n- [CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)\n- [OWASP: Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards Cheat Sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Unvalidated_Redirects_and_Forwards_Cheat_Sheet.html)\n\n#### Similar Vulnerability Reports\n- [CVE-2023-0748](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0748)\n- [CVE-2022-2252](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2252)\n\n#### Credits\nThanks to [morioka12](https://github.com/scgajge12) for reporting this problem.\n\nIf you have any questions around this security advisory, please don\u0027t hesitate to contact us at [security@keystonejs.com](mailto:security@keystonejs.com), or [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/keystonejs/keystone/issues/new/choose).\n\nIf you have a security flaw to report for any software in this repository, please see our [SECURITY policy](https://github.com/keystonejs/keystone/blob/main/SECURITY.md).\n",
"id": "GHSA-jqxr-vjvv-899m",
"modified": "2023-06-14T14:54:06Z",
"published": "2023-06-14T14:54:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keystonejs/keystone/security/advisories/GHSA-jqxr-vjvv-899m"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keystonejs/keystone/pull/8626"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keystonejs/keystone"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@keystone-6/auth Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-JR6W-FHH3-HWV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-20 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The Export WP Page to Static HTML/CSS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.2. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the rc_exported_zip_file parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-20T02:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Export WP Page to Static HTML/CSS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.2. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the rc_exported_zip_file parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.",
"id": "GHSA-jr6w-fhh3-hwv9",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:26Z",
"published": "2024-06-20T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/class-export-wp-page-to-static-html-admin.php#L1289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3110378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/598e2c2e-7dd5-435e-a366-6c7569243f2a?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JVCJ-QC86-J594
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-07-18 09:30An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality.
Prerequisites for exploitation:
-
Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance
-
Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T08:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality.\n\n\nPrerequisites for exploitation:\n\n- Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance\n\n- Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL",
"id": "GHSA-jvcj-qc86-j594",
"modified": "2025-07-18T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-07-18T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/blog/2025/07/17/grafana-security-release-medium-and-high-severity-fixes-for-cve-2025-6197-and-cve-2025-6023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2025-6197"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JVF7-QPQH-8MXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-08 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-18 21:30Open Redirect in GitHub repository btcpayserver/btcpayserver prior to 1.7.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect in GitHub repository btcpayserver/btcpayserver prior to 1.7.6.",
"id": "GHSA-jvf7-qpqh-8mxh",
"modified": "2023-02-18T21:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-02-08T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/btcpayserver/btcpayserver/pull/4575/commits/c2cfa17e9619046b43987627b8429541d2834109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/btcpayserver/btcpayserver/commit/c2cfa17e9619046b43987627b8429541d2834109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/1a0403b6-9ec9-4587-b559-b1afba798c86"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW42-J8WW-PFX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:50The nd-learning plugin before 4.8 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15775"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-29T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The nd-learning plugin before 4.8 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.",
"id": "GHSA-jw42-j8ww-pfx5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:50:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://threatpost.com/wordpress-plugins-exploited-in-ongoing-attack-researchers-warn/147671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/nd-learning/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9496"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW5X-FPWH-9XWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-jw5x-fpwh-9xwg",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.