CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1822 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9HJG-9R4M-MVJ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 19:06 – Updated: 2025-06-09 19:06Impact
Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs.
Workarounds
For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with trust_env=False on your Requests Session (docs).
References
https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6965 https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/2
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "requests"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.32.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47081"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-09T19:06:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T18:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nDue to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs.\n\n### Workarounds\nFor older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on your Requests Session ([docs](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/#requests.Session.trust_env)).\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6965\nhttps://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/2",
"id": "GHSA-9hjg-9r4m-mvj7",
"modified": "2025-06-09T19:06:08Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T19:06:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/psf/requests/security/advisories/GHSA-9hjg-9r4m-mvj7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47081"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/psf/requests/commit/96ba401c1296ab1dda74a2365ef36d88f7d144ef"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/psf/requests"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/#requests.Session.trust_env"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/03/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/03/9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/04/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/04/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Requests vulnerable to .netrc credentials leak via malicious URLs"
}
GHSA-9HPQ-528P-48J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:03 – Updated: 2023-10-26 20:48Jenkins Redgate SQL Change Automation Plugin 2.0.3 and earlier stores credentials unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins master where they can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the master file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.redgate.plugins.redgatesqlci:redgate-sql-ci"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-16557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-08T13:26:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-17T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Redgate SQL Change Automation Plugin 2.0.3 and earlier stores credentials unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins master where they can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the master file system.",
"id": "GHSA-9hpq-528p-48j3",
"modified": "2023-10-26T20:48:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:03:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/redgate-sql-ci-plugin/commit/18525ee6f01a5bc36040d40f1ff63702ce7280ac"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-12-17/#SECURITY-1598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/12/17/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Redgate SQL Change Automation Plugin has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}
GHSA-9HXQ-8WVW-W8GJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco IoT Field Network Director (FND) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain hashes of user passwords on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient protection of user credentials. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in as an administrative user and crafting a call for user information. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain hashes of user passwords on an affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26079"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-18T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco IoT Field Network Director (FND) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain hashes of user passwords on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient protection of user credentials. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in as an administrative user and crafting a call for user information. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain hashes of user passwords on an affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-9hxq-8wvw-w8gj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:34:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-FND-PWH-yCA6M7p"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9J3Q-5VRJ-H74C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by disclosure of administrative credentials. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.15.25, RBK753 before 3.2.15.25, RBK753S before 3.2.15.25, RBR750 before 3.2.15.25, RBS750 before 3.2.15.25, RBK842 before 3.2.15.25, RBR840 before 3.2.15.25, RBS840 before 3.2.15.25, RBK852 before 3.2.15.25, RBK853 before 3.2.15.25, RBR850 before 3.2.15.25, and RBS850 before 3.2.15.25.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14431"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-18T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by disclosure of administrative credentials. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.15.25, RBK753 before 3.2.15.25, RBK753S before 3.2.15.25, RBR750 before 3.2.15.25, RBS750 before 3.2.15.25, RBK842 before 3.2.15.25, RBR840 before 3.2.15.25, RBS840 before 3.2.15.25, RBK852 before 3.2.15.25, RBK853 before 3.2.15.25, RBR850 before 3.2.15.25, and RBS850 before 3.2.15.25.",
"id": "GHSA-9j3q-5vrj-h74c",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000061944/Security-Advisory-for-Admin-Credential-Disclosure-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0068"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9JFF-P8X6-R36Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-23 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-23 12:30IBM CICS Transaction Gateway for Multiplatforms 9.2 and 9.3 transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-23T11:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM CICS Transaction Gateway for Multiplatforms 9.2 and 9.3 transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.",
"id": "GHSA-9jff-p8x6-r36q",
"modified": "2024-10-23T12:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-10-23T12:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7145418"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JHJ-HC6J-2FQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16A insufficiently protected credentials in Fortinet FortiSDNConnector version 1.1.7 and below allows attacker to disclose third-party devices credential information via configuration page lookup.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-06T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A insufficiently protected credentials in Fortinet FortiSDNConnector version 1.1.7 and below allows attacker to disclose third-party devices credential information via configuration page lookup.",
"id": "GHSA-9jhj-hc6j-2fqm",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-20-183"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9JM6-6J35-X89G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:06 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:46A RootCA vulnerability found in Trend Micro Password Manager for Windows and macOS exists where the localhost.key of RootCA.crt might be improperly accessed by an unauthorized party and could be used to create malicious self-signed SSL certificates, allowing an attacker to misdirect a user to phishing sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A RootCA vulnerability found in Trend Micro Password Manager for Windows and macOS exists where the localhost.key of RootCA.crt might be improperly accessed by an unauthorized party and could be used to create malicious self-signed SSL certificates, allowing an attacker to misdirect a user to phishing sites.",
"id": "GHSA-9jm6-6j35-x89g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:46:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:06:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://esupport.trendmicro.com/en-us/home/pages/technical-support/1124092.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://esupport.trendmicro.com/support/pwm/solution/ja-jp/1124091.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN37183636/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/jp/JVN37183636/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JPF-VG83-7M3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-08-31 00:00Information disclosure: The main configuration, including users and their hashed passwords, is exposed by an unprotected web server resource and can be accessed without authentication. Additionally, device details are exposed which include the serial number and the firmware version by another unprotected web server resource.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23858"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-04T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Information disclosure: The main configuration, including users and their hashed passwords, is exposed by an unprotected web server resource and can be accessed without authentication. Additionally, device details are exposed which include the serial number and the firmware version by another unprotected web server resource.",
"id": "GHSA-9jpf-vg83-7m3q",
"modified": "2022-08-31T00:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.bosch.com/security-advisories/bosch-sa-741752.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9M3C-XFHF-53MH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2023-10-26 15:28Jenkins DeployHub Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.openmake:deployhub"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10286"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T15:28:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins DeployHub Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in job `config.xml` files on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.",
"id": "GHSA-9m3c-xfhf-53mh",
"modified": "2023-10-26T15:28:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/deployhub-plugin/commit/6ad56362087f6d34c3532a0962a881cd8a822394"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/deployhub-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-03/#SECURITY-959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/04/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins DeployHub Plugin stores credentials in plain text"
}
GHSA-9M43-P3CX-W8J5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-29 22:04 – Updated: 2026-01-31 03:33Malcontent could be made to expose Docker registry credentials if it scanned a specially crafted OCI image reference. Malcontent uses google/go-containerregistry for OCI image pulls, which by default uses the Docker credential keychain. A malicious registry could return a WWW-Authenticate header redirecting token authentication to an attacker-controlled endpoint, causing credentials to be sent to that endpoint.
Fix: Default to anonymous auth for OCI pulls
Acknowledgements
Thank you to Oleh Konko from 1seal for discovering and reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/chainguard-dev/malcontent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24845"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-29T22:04:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-29T22:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Malcontent could be made to expose Docker registry credentials if it scanned a specially crafted OCI image reference. Malcontent uses [google/go-containerregistry](https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry) for OCI image pulls, which by default uses the Docker credential keychain. A malicious registry could return a `WWW-Authenticate` header redirecting token authentication to an attacker-controlled endpoint, causing credentials to be sent to that endpoint.\n\n**Fix:** [Default to anonymous auth for OCI pulls](https://github.com/chainguard-dev/malcontent/commit/538ed00cdc639d687a4bd1e843a2be0428a3b3e7)\n\n**Acknowledgements**\n\nThank you to Oleh Konko from [1seal](https://1seal.org/) for discovering and reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-9m43-p3cx-w8j5",
"modified": "2026-01-31T03:33:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-29T22:04:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chainguard-dev/malcontent/security/advisories/GHSA-9m43-p3cx-w8j5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chainguard-dev/malcontent/commit/538ed00cdc639d687a4bd1e843a2be0428a3b3e7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/chainguard-dev/malcontent"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "malcontent OCI image pull credential exfiltration via malicious registry token realm"
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.