CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1817 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PC4Q-FXCG-7GHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-17 00:00In NOKIA 1350 OMS R14.2, Insufficiently Protected Credentials (cleartext password) occur in /cgi-bin/R14.2/cgi-bin/R14.2/host.pl on the edit configuration page. Exploitation requires an authenticated attacker.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39816"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In NOKIA 1350 OMS R14.2, Insufficiently Protected Credentials (cleartext password) occur in /cgi-bin/R14.2/cgi-bin/R14.2/host.pl on the edit configuration page. Exploitation requires an authenticated attacker.",
"id": "GHSA-pc4q-fxcg-7ghm",
"modified": "2022-09-17T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-09-14T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gruppotim.it/it/footer/red-team.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PC6H-25P2-384F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-15 15:33 – Updated: 2026-07-15 15:33ICU Scandinavia Boomerang is vulnerable to an information disclosure flaw where sensitive credential files are exposed via static HTTP. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to retrieve plaintext service account and SMTP credentials by requesting specific XML files from the webroot. This issue has been fixed in version 2.4.18.029
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-15T13:17:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ICU Scandinavia Boomerang is vulnerable to an information disclosure flaw where sensitive credential files are exposed via static HTTP. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to retrieve plaintext service account and SMTP credentials by requesting specific XML files from the webroot.\nThis issue has been fixed in version 2.4.18.029",
"id": "GHSA-pc6h-25p2-384f",
"modified": "2026-07-15T15:33:04Z",
"published": "2026-07-15T15:33:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2026/07/CVE-2026-46458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://icuscandinavia.se/boomerang-quality-assurance-lab"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PC88-5Q83-CF4P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35In cPanel before 90.0.17, 2FA can be bypassed via a brute-force approach (SEC-575).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-29136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-27T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In cPanel before 90.0.17, 2FA can be bypassed via a brute-force approach (SEC-575).",
"id": "GHSA-pc88-5q83-cf4p",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.cpanel.net/changelogs/90-change-log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2020-0007-full-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.digitaldefense.com/news/zero-day-cpanel-and-webhost-manager"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PC9W-M2R6-3243
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16An information disclosure vulnerability [CWE-200] in FortiAnalyzerVM and FortiManagerVM versions 7.0.0 and 6.4.6 and below may allow an authenticated attacker to read the FortiCloud credentials which were used to activate the trial license in cleartext.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36170"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-06T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An information disclosure vulnerability [CWE-200] in FortiAnalyzerVM and FortiManagerVM versions 7.0.0 and 6.4.6 and below may allow an authenticated attacker to read the FortiCloud credentials which were used to activate the trial license in cleartext.",
"id": "GHSA-pc9w-m2r6-3243",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-21-112"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-PCH4-WFWX-J685
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:24 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:24On Aspire-derived NEC PBXes, including all versions of SV8100 devices, a set of documented, static login credentials may be used to access the DIM interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-20033"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-29T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On Aspire-derived NEC PBXes, including all versions of SV8100 devices, a set of documented, static login credentials may be used to access the DIM interface.",
"id": "GHSA-pch4-wfwx-j685",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:24:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:24:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://shadytel.su/files/nec_cve.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-PCRP-7CQM-4F7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-04 00:00Chipolo ONE Bluetooth tracker (2020) Chipolo iOS app version 4.13.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Chipolo devices suffer from access revocation evasion attacks once the malicious sharee obtains the access credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-27T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Chipolo ONE Bluetooth tracker (2020) Chipolo iOS app version 4.13.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Chipolo devices suffer from access revocation evasion attacks once the malicious sharee obtains the access credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-pcrp-7cqm-4f7g",
"modified": "2022-10-04T00:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-09-28T00:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chipolo.net/en-us/products/chipolo-one-4-pack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zhouxinan/CCS22MaaGIoT/blob/main/ChipoloONE.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PF9W-V4V3-5WVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01In Jeedom through 4.1.19, a bug allows a remote attacker to bypass API access and retrieve users credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-01T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Jeedom through 4.1.19, a bug allows a remote attacker to bypass API access and retrieve users credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-pf9w-v4v3-5wvw",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jeedom/core/releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synacktiv.com/sites/default/files/2021-10/advisory_Jeedom_Auth_Bypass_CVE-2021-42557.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PFC9-2CQG-9WQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 06:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 06:31In specific scenarios involving HTTP redirects from a secure to an insecure endpoint, the Reactor Netty HTTP client may leak credentials. In order for this to happen, the HTTP client must have been explicitly configured to follow redirects.
Affected versions: Reactor Netty 1.0.0 through 1.0.51; 1.1.0 through 1.1.35; 1.2.0 through 1.2.17; 1.3.0 through 1.3.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T05:16:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In specific scenarios involving HTTP redirects from a secure to an insecure endpoint, the Reactor Netty HTTP client may leak credentials. In order for this to happen, the HTTP client must have been explicitly configured to follow redirects.\n\nAffected versions:\nReactor Netty 1.0.0 through 1.0.51; 1.1.0 through 1.1.35; 1.2.0 through 1.2.17; 1.3.0 through 1.3.5.",
"id": "GHSA-pfc9-2cqg-9wq6",
"modified": "2026-06-09T06:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T06:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41715"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PFM4-82VQ-73VC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-25 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:20In WFTPD 3.25, usernames and password hashes are stored in an openly viewable wftpd.ini configuration file within the WFTPD directory. NOTE: this is a product from 2006.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33263"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-25T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In WFTPD 3.25, usernames and password hashes are stored in an openly viewable wftpd.ini configuration file within the WFTPD directory. NOTE: this is a product from 2006.",
"id": "GHSA-pfm4-82vq-73vc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:20:31Z",
"published": "2023-05-25T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172560/WFTPD-3.25-Credential-Disclosure.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG55-3WRH-JWH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-10 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:31A vulnerability has been identified in CPCI85 Central Processing/Communication (All versions < V05.30). The affected devices contain a secure element which is connected via an unencrypted SPI bus. This could allow an attacker with physical access to the SPI bus to observe the password used for the secure element authentication, and then use the secure element as an oracle to decrypt all encrypted update files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53832"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-10T14:30:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in CPCI85 Central Processing/Communication (All versions \u003c V05.30). The affected devices contain a secure element which is connected via an unencrypted SPI bus. This could allow an attacker with physical access to the SPI bus to observe the password used for the secure element authentication, and then use the secure element as an oracle to decrypt all encrypted update files.",
"id": "GHSA-pg55-3wrh-jwh5",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:31:42Z",
"published": "2024-12-10T15:32:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-128393.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Feb/19"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.