Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-506

Allowed-with-Review

Embedded Malicious Code

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.

548 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-VM67-MH96-95MQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 21:40 – Updated: 2021-09-29 20:53
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in bubfer-xor
Details

Version 2.0.2 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.

Recommendation

Remove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "bubfer-xor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:51:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Version 2.0.2 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.",
  "id": "GHSA-vm67-mh96-95mq",
  "modified": "2021-09-29T20:53:43Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T21:40:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1232"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in bubfer-xor"
}

GHSA-VM6V-W6Q2-MRRQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 19:20 – Updated: 2021-09-30 20:09
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in bb-builder
Details

All versions of bb-builder contained malicious code. The package ran an executable targeting Windows and uploaded information to a remote server.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "bb-builder"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:47:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `bb-builder` contained malicious code. The package ran an executable targeting Windows and uploaded information to a remote server.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-vm6v-w6q2-mrrq",
  "modified": "2021-09-30T20:09:24Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T19:20:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1119"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in bb-builder"
}

GHSA-VM7J-4RJ6-MW2P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 21:08 – Updated: 2021-09-29 20:46
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in ember_cli_babe
Details

Version 6.16.0 of ember_cli_babe contains malicious code as a preinstall script. The package is malware designed to take advantage of users making a mistake when typing the name of a module to install. When installed, the package downloads a file from a remote server, executes it and opens a backdoor.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "ember_cli_babe"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:50:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Version 6.16.0 of `ember_cli_babe` contains malicious code as a preinstall script. The package is malware designed to take advantage of users making a mistake when typing the name of a module to install. When installed, the package downloads a file from a remote server, executes it and opens a backdoor.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-vm7j-4rj6-mw2p",
  "modified": "2021-09-29T20:46:35Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T21:08:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1200"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in ember_cli_babe"
}

GHSA-VP8G-53FW-R9F2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-01 19:54 – Updated: 2021-09-24 17:28
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in dynamo-schema
Details

Version 0.0.3 of dynamo-schema contained malicious code. The code when executed in the browser would enumerate password, cvc, cardnumber fields from forms and send the extracted values to https://js-metrics.com/minjs.php?pl=

Recommendation

If version 0.0.3 of this module is found installed you will want to replace it with a version before or after 0.0.3. In addition to replacing the installed module, you will also want to evaluate your application to determine whether or not user data was compromised.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "dynamo-schema"
      },
      "versions": [
        "0.0.3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:30:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Version 0.0.3 of `dynamo-schema` contained malicious code. The code when executed in the browser would enumerate password, cvc, cardnumber fields from forms and send the extracted values to `https://js-metrics.com/minjs.php?pl=`\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nIf version 0.0.3 of this module is found installed you will want to replace it with a version before or after 0.0.3. In addition to replacing the installed module, you will also want to evaluate your application to determine whether or not user data was compromised.",
  "id": "GHSA-vp8g-53fw-r9f2",
  "modified": "2021-09-24T17:28:16Z",
  "published": "2020-09-01T19:54:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/andrewjstone/dynamo-schema"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-DYNAMOSCHEMA-450992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/626"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in dynamo-schema"
}

GHSA-VRXJ-4QHW-5VWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 17:03 – Updated: 2021-10-04 14:29
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in scryptys
Details

All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "scryptys"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:58:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrxj-4qhw-5vwq",
  "modified": "2021-10-04T14:29:03Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T17:03:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1407"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in scryptys"
}

GHSA-VV52-3MRP-455M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 15:53 – Updated: 2020-08-31 19:01
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in m-backdoor
Details

All versions of m-backdoor contain malicious code. The package downloads a file from a remote server and executes it as a preinstall script. At the time of the release of this advisory the downloaded file only defaces websites by removing elements randomly from the DOM.

Recommendation

Remove the package from your system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "m-backdoor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T19:01:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `m-backdoor` contain malicious code. The package downloads a file from a remote server and executes it as a preinstall script. At the time of the release of this advisory the downloaded file only defaces websites by removing elements randomly from the DOM. \n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your system.",
  "id": "GHSA-vv52-3mrp-455m",
  "modified": "2020-08-31T19:01:56Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T15:53:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1513"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in m-backdoor"
}

GHSA-VV6Q-9CFW-4C83

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-08-29 23:20 – Updated: 2023-09-12 18:30
VLAI
Summary
smb is malware
Details

The smb package is a piece of malware that steals environment variables and sends them to attacker controlled locations.

All versions have been unpublished from the npm registry.

Recommendation

As this package is malware, if you find it installed in your environment, the real security concern is determining how it got there.

If you have found this installed in your environment, you should: 1. Delete the package 2. Clear your npm cache 3. Ensure it is not present in any other package.json files on your system 4. Regenerate your registry credentials, tokens, and any other sensitive credentials that may have been present in your environment variables.

Additionally, any service which may have been exposed via credentials in your environment variables, such as a database, should be reviewed for indicators of compromise as well.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "smb"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-16079"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:58:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The `smb` package is a piece of malware that steals environment variables and sends them to attacker controlled locations. \n\nAll versions have been unpublished from the npm registry.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAs this package is malware, if you find it installed in your environment, the real security concern is determining how it got there. \n\nIf you have found this installed in your environment, you should:\n1. Delete the package\n2. Clear your npm cache\n3. Ensure it is not present in any other package.json files on your system\n4. Regenerate your registry credentials, tokens, and any other sensitive credentials that may have been present in your environment variables. \n\nAdditionally, any service which may have been exposed via credentials in your environment variables, such as a database, should be reviewed for indicators of compromise as well.",
  "id": "GHSA-vv6q-9cfw-4c83",
  "modified": "2023-09-12T18:30:03Z",
  "published": "2018-08-29T23:20:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16079"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vv6q-9cfw-4c83"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/518"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "smb is malware"
}

GHSA-VV7G-PJW9-4QJ9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 17:03 – Updated: 2021-10-04 15:24
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in scrytsy
Details

All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "scrytsy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:58:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-vv7g-pjw9-4qj9",
  "modified": "2021-10-04T15:24:14Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T17:03:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1408"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in scrytsy"
}

GHSA-VVFH-MVJV-W38Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-04 15:28 – Updated: 2021-10-01 20:17
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in babel-loadre
Details

All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "babel-loadre"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:55:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-vvfh-mvjv-w38q",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T20:17:42Z",
  "published": "2020-09-04T15:28:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1349"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in babel-loadre"
}

GHSA-VWVP-P3CC-RRJ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-09 00:31 – Updated: 2025-10-09 00:31
VLAI
Details

Web Developer for Chrome v0.4.9 contained malicious code that generated a domain via a DGA and fetched a remote script. The fetched script conditionally loaded follow-on modules that performed extensive ad substitution and malvertising, displayed fake “repair” alerts that redirected users to affiliate programs, and attempted to harvest credentials when users logged in. Injected components enumerate common banner sizes for substitution, replace third-party ad calls, and redirect victim traffic to affiliate landing pages. Potential impacts include user-level code execution in the browser context, large-scale ad fraud and traffic hijacking, credential theft, and exposure to additional payloads delivered by the actor. The compromise was reported on by the maintainer of Web Developer for Chrome on August 2, 2017 and remediated in v0.5.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20202"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-08T22:15:31Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Web Developer for Chrome v0.4.9 contained malicious code that generated a domain via a DGA and fetched a remote script. The fetched script conditionally loaded follow-on modules that performed extensive ad substitution and malvertising, displayed fake \u201crepair\u201d alerts that redirected users to affiliate programs, and attempted to harvest credentials when users logged in. Injected components enumerate common banner sizes for substitution, replace third-party ad calls, and redirect victim traffic to affiliate landing pages. Potential impacts include\u00a0user-level code execution in the browser context, large-scale ad fraud and traffic hijacking, credential theft, and exposure to additional payloads delivered by the actor.\u00a0The compromise was reported on by the maintainer of Web Developer for Chrome on August 2, 2017 and remediated in v0.5.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-vwvp-p3cc-rrj2",
  "modified": "2025-10-09T00:31:06Z",
  "published": "2025-10-09T00:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/web-developer/bfbameneiokkgbdmiekhjnmfkcnldhhm?pli=1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/piedpiperRichard/076516da60f45842f1a6e6ae35a9a240"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ui.vision/blog/chrome-extension-adware"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170803163618/https://chrispederick.com/blog/web-developer-for-chrome-compromised"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-goes-chrome-extension-hijacking-spree"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/web-developer-for-chrome-malicious-backdoor-supply-chain-compromise"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Implementation Operation

Remove the malicious code and start an effort to ensure that no more malicious code exists. This may require a detailed review of all code, as it is possible to hide a serious attack in only one or two lines of code. These lines may be located almost anywhere in an application and may have been intentionally obfuscated by the attacker.

CAPEC-442: Infected Software

An adversary adds malicious logic, often in the form of a computer virus, to otherwise benign software. This logic is often hidden from the user of the software and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. Many times, the malicious logic is inserted into empty space between legitimate code, and is then called when the software is executed. This pattern of attack focuses on software already fielded and used in operation as opposed to software that is still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-448: Embed Virus into DLL

An adversary tampers with a DLL and embeds a computer virus into gaps between legitimate machine instructions. These gaps may be the result of compiler optimizations that pad memory blocks for performance gains. The embedded virus then attempts to infect any machine which interfaces with the product, and possibly steal private data or eavesdrop.

CAPEC-636: Hiding Malicious Data or Code within Files

Files on various operating systems can have a complex format which allows for the storage of other data, in addition to its contents. Often this is metadata about the file, such as a cached thumbnail for an image file. Unless utilities are invoked in a particular way, this data is not visible during the normal use of the file. It is possible for an attacker to store malicious data or code using these facilities, which would be difficult to discover.