Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-502

Allowed

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

4798 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6JVX-8CH9-J2JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 22:15 – Updated: 2024-05-15 22:15
VLAI
Summary
Laravel Cookie serialization vulnerability
Details

Laravel 5.6.30 is a security release of Laravel and is recommended as an immediate upgrade for all users. Laravel 5.6.30 also contains a breaking change to cookie encryption and serialization logic. Refer to laravel advisory for more details and read the notes carefully when upgrading your application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "laravel/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.6.30"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T22:15:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Laravel 5.6.30 is a security release of Laravel and is recommended as an immediate upgrade for all users. Laravel 5.6.30 also contains a breaking change to cookie encryption and serialization logic. Refer to [laravel advisory](https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/upgrade#upgrade-5.6.30) for more details and read the notes carefully when upgrading your application.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-6jvx-8ch9-j2jr",
  "modified": "2024-05-15T22:15:07Z",
  "published": "2024-05-15T22:15:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/laravel/framework/2018-08-08-1.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/laravel/framework"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/upgrade#upgrade-5.6.30"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Laravel Cookie serialization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-6M2C-76FF-6VRF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-05-02 21:58
VLAI
Summary
Qiskit allows arbitrary code execution decoding QPY format versions < 13
Details

Impact

A maliciously crafted QPY file can potentially execute arbitrary-code embedded in the payload without privilege escalation when deserializing QPY formats < 13. A python process calling Qiskit's qiskit.qpy.load() function could potentially execute any arbitrary Python code embedded in the correct place in the binary file as part of a specially constructed payload.

Patches

Fixed in Qiskit 1.4.2 and in Qiskit 2.0.0rc2

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "qiskit-terra"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.18.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.46.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "qiskit"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "qiskit"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0rc2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0rc1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2000"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-14T19:56:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA maliciously crafted QPY file can potentially execute arbitrary-code embedded in the payload without privilege escalation when deserializing QPY formats \u003c 13. A python process calling Qiskit\u0027s `qiskit.qpy.load()` function could potentially execute any arbitrary Python code embedded in the correct place in the binary file as part of a specially constructed payload.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in Qiskit 1.4.2 and in Qiskit 2.0.0rc2",
  "id": "GHSA-6m2c-76ff-6vrf",
  "modified": "2025-05-02T21:58:50Z",
  "published": "2025-03-14T19:56:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit/security/advisories/GHSA-6m2c-76ff-6vrf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2000"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7185949"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Qiskit allows arbitrary code execution decoding QPY format versions \u003c 13"
}

GHSA-6M87-RX2W-J7JV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:15
VLAI
Details

IBM QRadar 7.3.0 to 7.3.3 Patch 2 could allow an authenticated user to send a specially crafted command which would be executed as a lower privileged user. IBM X-ForceID: 175897.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-4271"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502",
      "CWE-74"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-04-15T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM QRadar 7.3.0 to 7.3.3 Patch 2 could allow an authenticated user to send a specially crafted command which would be executed as a lower privileged user. IBM X-ForceID: 175897.",
  "id": "GHSA-6m87-rx2w-j7jv",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:15:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:15:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4271"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/175897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6189651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/157336/QRadar-Community-Edition-7.3.1.6-PHP-Object-Injection.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Apr/39"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6M9G-CW25-J9JC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of untrusted data in Ivanti EPM before the 2024 January-2025 Security Update and 2022 SU6 January-2025 Security Update allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. Local user interaction is required.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13163"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of untrusted data in Ivanti EPM before the 2024 January-2025 Security Update and 2022 SU6 January-2025 Security Update allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. Local user interaction is required.",
  "id": "GHSA-6m9g-cw25-j9jc",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:01Z",
  "published": "2025-01-14T18:32:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13163"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-January-2025-for-EPM-2024-and-EPM-2022-SU6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6MJ8-C74F-XJXV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Cozmoslabs TranslatePress allows Object Injection. This issue affects TranslatePress: from n/a through 2.9.6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30773"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T11:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Cozmoslabs TranslatePress allows Object Injection. This issue affects TranslatePress: from n/a through 2.9.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mj8-c74f-xjxv",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:06Z",
  "published": "2025-03-27T12:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/translatepress-multilingual/vulnerability/wordpress-translatepress-2-9-6-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6MMM-6MQ6-XV92

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-13 18:30
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30382"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T17:16:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mmm-6mq6-xv92",
  "modified": "2025-05-13T18:30:56Z",
  "published": "2025-05-13T18:30:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30382"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-30382"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6MWH-FW4P-75FJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2022-11-03 18:45
VLAI
Summary
Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Tapestry
Details

By manipulating classpath asset file URLs, an attacker could guess the path to a known file in the classpath and have it downloaded. If the attacker found the file with the value of the tapestry.hmac-passphrase configuration symbol, most probably the webapp's AppModule class, the value of this symbol could be used to craft a Java deserialization attack, thus running malicious injected Java code. The vector would be the t:formdata parameter from the Form component.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tapestry:tapestry-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.4.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0195"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-03T18:45:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-09-16T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "By manipulating classpath asset file URLs, an attacker could guess the path to a known file in the classpath and have it downloaded. If the attacker found the file with the value of the tapestry.hmac-passphrase configuration symbol, most probably the webapp\u0027s AppModule class, the value of this symbol could be used to craft a Java deserialization attack, thus running malicious injected Java code. The vector would be the t:formdata parameter from the Form component.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mwh-fw4p-75fj",
  "modified": "2022-11-03T18:45:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:00:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0195"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/5173c4eed06e2fca6fd5576ed723ff6bb1711738ec515cb51a04ab24@%3Cusers.tapestry.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6c40c1e03d2131119f9b77882431a0050f02bf9cae9ee48b84d012df@%3Cusers.tapestry.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a4092cb3bacb143571024e79c0016c039b6c982423daa33a7a5c794a@%3Cusers.tapestry.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r237ff7f286bda31682c254550c1ebf92b0ec61329b32fbeb2d1c8751@%3Cusers.tapestry.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7d9c54beb1dc97dcccc58d9b5d31f0f7166f9a25ad1beba5f8091e0c@%3Ccommits.tapestry.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r87523dd07886223aa086edc25fe9b8ddb9c1090f7db25b068dc30843@%3Ccommits.tapestry.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/04/15/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Tapestry"
}

GHSA-6MXW-WW5R-4FQQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

The Ditty plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to 3.1.38 via deserialization of untrusted input when adding a new ditty. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable plugin. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-3954"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:42:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Ditty plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to 3.1.38 via deserialization of untrusted input when adding a new ditty. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable plugin. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mxw-ww5r-4fqq",
  "modified": "2024-05-14T18:30:53Z",
  "published": "2024-05-14T18:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3954"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3081335%40ditty-news-ticker\u0026new=3081335%40ditty-news-ticker\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0f00b138-5c4b-4f75-94b1-82721cba2668?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6P52-JR3Q-C94G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-19 15:28 – Updated: 2024-10-07 14:45
VLAI
Summary
Nameko Arbitrary code execution due to YAML deserialization
Details

Impact

Nameko can be tricked to perform arbitrary code execution when deserialising a YAML config file. Example:

# malicious.yaml
!!python/object/new:type
args: ['z', !!python/tuple [], {'extend': !!python/name:exec }]
listitems: "__import__('os').system('cat /etc/passwd')"
$ nameko run --config malicious.yaml test
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
... 

Patches

The problem was fixed in https://github.com/nameko/nameko/pull/722 and released in version 2.14.0, and in rc10 of the v3 pre-release.

Versions prior to 2.14.0, and v3.0.0rc0 through v3.0.0rc9 are still vulnerable.

Workarounds

The vulnerability is exploited by config files with malicious content. It can be avoided by only using config files that you trust.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "nameko"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.0rc9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "nameko"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0rc0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.0rc10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41078"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-19T15:14:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-26T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nNameko can be tricked to perform arbitrary code execution when deserialising a YAML config file. Example:\n\n``` yaml\n# malicious.yaml\n!!python/object/new:type\nargs: [\u0027z\u0027, !!python/tuple [], {\u0027extend\u0027: !!python/name:exec }]\nlistitems: \"__import__(\u0027os\u0027).system(\u0027cat /etc/passwd\u0027)\"\n```\n\n``` shell\n$ nameko run --config malicious.yaml test\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\ndaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nbin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nsys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin\nsync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync\ngames:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin\n... \n```\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem was fixed in https://github.com/nameko/nameko/pull/722 and released in version 2.14.0, and in rc10 of the v3 pre-release.\n\nVersions prior to 2.14.0, and v3.0.0rc0 through v3.0.0rc9 are still vulnerable.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe vulnerability is exploited by config files with malicious content. It can be avoided by only using config files that you trust.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p52-jr3q-c94g",
  "modified": "2024-10-07T14:45:04Z",
  "published": "2021-10-19T15:28:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nameko/nameko/security/advisories/GHSA-6p52-jr3q-c94g"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41078"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nameko/nameko"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nameko/nameko/releases/tag/v2.14.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nameko/nameko/releases/tag/v3.0.0-rc10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/nameko/PYSEC-2021-383.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nameko Arbitrary code execution due to YAML deserialization"
}

GHSA-6P5X-5H49-3FM9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in pep.vn WP Optimize By xTraffic allows Object Injection. This issue affects WP Optimize By xTraffic: from n/a through 5.1.6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-28970"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-27T12:15:32Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in pep.vn WP Optimize By xTraffic allows Object Injection. This issue affects WP Optimize By xTraffic: from n/a through 5.1.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p5x-5h49-3fm9",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:34Z",
  "published": "2025-06-27T12:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28970"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-optimize-by-xtraffic/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-optimize-by-xtraffic-5-1-6-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.

Mitigation
Implementation

When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation
  • Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
  • An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-586: Object Injection

An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.