Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-472

Allowed

External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.

201 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-3649 (GCVE-0-2024-3649)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-02 16:52 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:58
VLAI
Title
Contact Form by WPForms – Drag & Drop Form Builder for WordPress <= 1.8.7.2 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
Summary
The Contact Form by WPForms – Drag & Drop Form Builder for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in versions up to, and including, 1.8.7.2. This is due to a lack of controls on several product parameters. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to manipulate prices, product information, and quantities for purchases made via the Stripe payment integration.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-02 18:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
smub WPForms – Easy Form Builder for WordPress – Contact Forms, Payment Forms, Surveys, & More Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.8.7.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
wordpress contact_form_drag_and_drop_form_builder Affected: - , ≤ 1.8.7.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wordpress:contact_form_drag_and_drop_form_builder:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Asaf Mozes
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-38520 (GCVE-0-2023-38520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-04 07:13 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress Pinpoint Booking System plugin <= 2.9.9.3.4 - Parameter Tampering
Summary
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter vulnerability in PINPOINT.WORLD Pinpoint Booking System allows Functionality Misuse.This issue affects Pinpoint Booking System: from n/a through 2.9.9.3.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-14 16:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PINPOINT.WORLD Pinpoint Booking System Affected: n/a , ≤ 2.9.9.3.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
pinpoint pinpoint_booking_system Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.9.9.3.4 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:pinpoint:pinpoint_booking_system:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
yuyudhn (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-28512 (GCVE-0-2023-28512)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-03 15:44 – Updated: 2024-08-02 13:43
VLAI
Title
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores improper input validation
Summary
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores 4.6.0, 4.6.1, and 4.6.2 could allow an attacker with specific knowledge about the system to manipulate data due to improper input validation. IBM X-Force ID: 250396.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-04 19:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores Affected: 4.6.0, 4.6.1, 4.6.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-24373 (GCVE-0-2023-24373)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-03 21:35 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress Booking calendar, Appointment Booking System plugin <= 3.2.3 - Bypass vulnerability
Summary
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter vulnerability in WpDevArt Booking calendar, Appointment Booking System allows Manipulating Hidden Fields.This issue affects Booking calendar, Appointment Booking System: from n/a through 3.2.3.
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-05 17:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
yuyudhn (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-30597 (GCVE-0-2022-30597)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-18 17:02 – Updated: 2024-08-03 06:56
VLAI
Summary
A flaw was found in moodle where the description user field was not hidden when being set as a hidden user field.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-472 - - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a moodle Affected: Affects : 4.0, 3.11 to 3.11.6, 3.10 to 3.10.10, 3.9 to 3.9.13 and earlier unsupported versions
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-27770 (GCVE-0-2021-27770)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-12 21:25 – Updated: 2024-09-16 20:02
VLAI
Title
HCL Sametime is vulnerable to arbitrary HTTP requests
Summary
The vulnerability was discovered within the “FaviconService”. The service takes a base64-encoded URL which is then requested by the webserver. We assume this service is used by the “meetings”-function where users can specify an external URL where the online meeting will take place.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-04-15 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-27769 (GCVE-0-2021-27769)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-12 21:25 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:52
VLAI
Title
HCL Sametime is vulnerable to an information disclosure
Summary
Information leakage occurs when a website reveals information that could aid an attacker to further exploit the system. This information may or may not be sensitive and does not automatically mean a breach is likely to occur. Overall, any information that could be used for an attack should be limited whenever possible.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-04-15 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-1295 (GCVE-0-2021-1295)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-04 16:56 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:42
VLAI
Title
Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on an affected device. These vulnerabilities exist because HTTP requests are not properly validated. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-08 19:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-02-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-1294 (GCVE-0-2021-1294)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-04 16:56 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:42
VLAI
Title
Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on an affected device. These vulnerabilities exist because HTTP requests are not properly validated. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-08 19:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-02-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-1293 (GCVE-0-2021-1293)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-04 16:56 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:42
VLAI
Title
Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on an affected device. These vulnerabilities exist because HTTP requests are not properly validated. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-08 19:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-02-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                    "Automatable": "yes"
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CAPEC-146: XML Schema Poisoning

An adversary corrupts or modifies the content of XML schema information passed between a client and server for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. XML Schemas provide the structure and content definitions for XML documents. Schema poisoning is the ability to manipulate a schema either by replacing or modifying it to compromise the programs that process documents that use this schema.

CAPEC-226: Session Credential Falsification through Manipulation

An attacker manipulates an existing credential in order to gain access to a target application. Session credentials allow users to identify themselves to a service after an initial authentication without needing to resend the authentication information (usually a username and password) with every message. An attacker may be able to manipulate a credential sniffed from an existing connection in order to gain access to a target server.

CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies

This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.

CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens

In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.

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