Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
710 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-73276 (GCVE-0-2026-73276)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:41 – Updated: 2026-09-08 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
inets, httpd: HTTP Request Smuggling via Whitespace-Before-Colon Header Dropping i
Summary
Gracefulness code ignored cases that should be rejected, resulting in possible HTTP Request Smuggling opportunities.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 27.3.4.17, from OTP 28.0 before OTP 28.5.0.6, and from OTP 29.0 before OTP 29.0.6, corresponding to inets from 7.1.2 before 9.3.2.7, from 9.4 before 9.6.2.3, and from 9.7 before 9.7.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
22.2 , < 27.3.4.17
(otp)
Affected: 28.0 , < 28.5.0.6 (otp) Affected: 29.0 , < 29.0.6 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
7.1.2 , < 9.3.2.7
(otp)
Affected: 9.4 , < 9.6.2.3 (otp) Affected: 9.7 , < 9.7.2 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
c06db0bedf49a9b40725745e73fa82e562612815 , < *
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-73257 (GCVE-0-2026-73257)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:30 – Updated: 2026-08-20 19:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mongoose: Content-Length + Transfer-Encoding coexistence enables request smuggling
Summary
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Priro to version 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can send an HTTP request containing both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked. The cl_count and te_count checks in the mg_http_parse() and http_cb() paths in src/http.c accept both headers and prioritize chunked encoding, while a Content-Length-preferring reverse proxy can use a different request boundary. This CL.TE desynchronization can inject requests that access or modify resources in another user context. This issue is fixed in version 7.22.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 19:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/pull/3611 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/a9df52… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.22 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-73256 (GCVE-0-2026-73256)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:37 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mongoose: HTTP/1.0 detection off-by-one enables request smuggling via chunked TE
Summary
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit an HTTP/1.0 reverse-proxy deployment by sending a request with Transfer-Encoding: chunked and conflicting framing. The http_cb() function in src/http.c tests hm.proto.len with an impossible greater-than-eight condition even though mg_http_parse() requires an eight-byte protocol string, so is_http_1_0 is never set. Mongoose consequently processes chunked encoding that an HTTP/1.0 proxy can ignore, enabling request smuggling and unauthorized access or state changes. This issue is fixed in version 7.22.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/pull/3611 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/a9df52… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.22 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-73051 (GCVE-0-2026-73051)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 11:35 – Updated: 2026-08-14 13:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
actix-http before 3.12.1 HTTP Request Smuggling via CL.TE
Summary
actix-http versions before 3.12.1 contain an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability in the HTTP/1.1 parser that accepts requests with both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this through a front-end intermediary to desynchronize backend requests and smuggle malicious HTTP requests to the Actix service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 13:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/actix/actix-web/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/actix-http-b… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-18 00:00
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CVE-2026-72587 (GCVE-0-2026-72587)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 10:41 – Updated: 2026-08-10 13:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Instatic - Cache Poisoning via Unauthenticated Server Island Endpoint
Summary
A cache poisoning vulnerability in CoreBunch/Instatic through 0.0.14 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to poison the shared process-wide render cache by manipulating the u query parameter of the GET /_instatic/hole/<nodeId> server island endpoint.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 13:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/CoreBunch/Instatic | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-10 10:32
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CVE-2026-71554 (GCVE-0-2026-71554)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 21:46 – Updated: 2026-08-08 02:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
h2: Duplicate Host header could facilitate request smuggling
Summary
h2 is a pure-Python implementation of a HTTP/2 protocol stack. Versions up to and including 4.4.0 accept request header blocks containing more than one Host header, and forward every Host header to the consuming application. Where the consumer downgrades HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.1, the resulting request carries two Host header lines, providing a request smuggling primitive. This issue is fixed in version 4.4.1.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-08 02:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/commit/292a408… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| python-hyper | h2 |
Affected:
< 4.4.1
|
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CVE-2026-71324 (GCVE-0-2026-71324)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 15:56 – Updated: 2026-08-07 15:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Traefik: Cross-user response poisoning via proxied CONNECT on Traefik's shared backend keep-alive pool
Summary
Traefik is an open source HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 2.11.53, 3.6.24, and 3.7.9, Traefik's default HTTP reverse proxy forwards a plain HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 CONNECT request and its body to an HTTP/1.1 upstream through a shared net/http.Transport. When the upstream answers the CONNECT with a keep-alive non-2xx response and does not drain the body, Traefik returns the desynchronized backend socket to its shared pool and reuses it for other clients. An unauthenticated attacker can use this behavior to make a different client read the attacker's smuggled response, which can include authenticated or private content from another request. The ForwardAuth middleware with forwardBody true and preserveRequestMethod true can re-issue a CONNECT with the buffered body attached, exposing the auth-client pool to the same desynchronization. This issue is fixed in 2.11.53, 3.6.24, and 3.7.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 15:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/pull/13542 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/pull/13543 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/pull/13556 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/04d36f2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/0807b6d… | x_refsource_MISC |
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| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.24 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.9 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-70188 (GCVE-0-2026-70188)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 19:00 – Updated: 2026-10-16 21:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ASP.NET Core Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 10.0 |
Affected:
10.0 , < 10.0.13
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 11.0 |
Affected:
11.0 , < 11.0.0-rc.2
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 8.0 |
Affected:
8.0 , < 8.0.32
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 9.0 |
Affected:
9.0 , < 9.0.21
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14 |
Affected:
17.14.0 , < 17.14.42
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2026 version 18.10 |
Affected:
18.10.0 , < 18.10.4
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-13 14:00
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CVE-2026-69243 (GCVE-0-2026-69243)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-03 20:45 – Updated: 2026-08-05 14:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AIOHTTP: HTTP request smuggling via WebSocket upgrade
Summary
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to 3.14.2, the HTTP parsers were vulnerable to a request smuggling attack relating to WebSocket upgrades. If using the server-side component, an attacker may be able to execute a request smuggling vulnerability using an edge case in the WebSocket upgrade procedure. A WebSocket upgrade request with a body could cause the parser to switch protocols before the complete request body was received, leaving trailing bytes to be handled as upgraded-protocol or pipelined data rather than normal HTTP body data. This issue is fixed in version 3.14.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 14:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/pull/13017 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/6ae358… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-69217 (GCVE-0-2026-69217)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 19:20 – Updated: 2026-09-16 13:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Http4s: Ember Server accepts duplicate Content-Length headers
Summary
Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. Prior to 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47, Ember’s HTTP/1.1 parser accepts differing duplicate Content-Length headers and uses the last value instead of rejecting the message. When an Ember server is behind a keep-alive intermediary that selects a different occurrence, an unauthenticated attacker can create CL.CL request smuggling that bypasses front-end controls, captures a later user’s headers, or poisons a cache. The shared client parser can also misframe responses from a malicious or compromised upstream when the client acts as a proxy for multiple downstream consumers. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47.
Severity
8.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 13:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/commit/24e8d34e3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/releases/tag/v0.23.35 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/releases/tag/v1.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.