Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6652 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-32475 (GCVE-0-2026-32475)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:24 – Updated: 2026-08-20 18:28
VLAI
Title
WordPress Elementor Pro plugin <= 4.2.1 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Elementor Elementor Pro allows Using Malicious Files. This issue affects Elementor Pro: from n/a through 4.2.1.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 19:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Elementor Elementor Pro Affected: n/a , ≤ 4.2.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Tin Pham (TF1T) of VietSunshine Cyber Security Services | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-32474 (GCVE-0-2026-32474)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 13:59 – Updated: 2026-08-18 19:48
VLAI
Title
WordPress Templatiq plugin <= 0.2.5 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Contributor Arbitrary File Upload in Templatiq <= 0.2.5 versions.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 19:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wpWax Templatiq Affected: n/a , ≤ 0.2.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
daroo | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-32463 (GCVE-0-2026-32463)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 13:59 – Updated: 2026-08-18 14:19
VLAI
Title
WordPress Sync Post With Other Site plugin <= 1.9.3 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Contributor Arbitrary File Upload in Sync Post With Other Site <= 1.9.3 versions.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 14:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kamlesh Parmar Sync Post With Other Site Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.9.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Nabil Irawan | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-32278 (GCVE-0-2026-32278)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 21:28 – Updated: 2026-03-24 18:41
VLAI
Title
Connect CMS has Stored Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in the File Field of its Form Plugin
Summary
Connect-CMS is a content management system. In versions on the 1.x series up to and including 1.41.0 and versions on the 2.x series up to and including 2.41.0, a Stored Cross-site Scripting (XSS) issue exists in the file field of the Form Plugin. Versions 1.41.1 and 2.41.1 contain a patch.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-24 18:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
opensource-workshop connect-cms Affected: < 1.41.1
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.41.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-30821 (GCVE-0-2026-30821)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-07 05:07 – Updated: 2026-03-09 20:44
VLAI
Title
Flowise: Arbitrary File Upload via MIME Spoofing
Summary
Flowise is a drag & drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. Prior to version 3.0.13, the /api/v1/attachments/:chatflowId/:chatId endpoint is listed in WHITELIST_URLS, allowing unauthenticated access to the file upload API. While the server validates uploads based on the MIME types defined in chatbotConfig.fullFileUpload.allowedUploadFileTypes, it implicitly trusts the client-provided Content-Type header (file.mimetype) without verifying the file's actual content (magic bytes) or extension (file.originalname). Consequently, an attacker can bypass this restriction by spoofing the Content-Type as a permitted type (e.g., application/pdf) while uploading malicious scripts or arbitrary files. Once uploaded via addArrayFilesToStorage, these files persist in backend storage (S3, GCS, or local disk). This vulnerability serves as a critical entry point that, when chained with other features like static hosting or file retrieval, can lead to Stored XSS, malicious file hosting, or Remote Code Execution (RCE). This issue has been patched in version 3.0.13.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-09 20:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FlowiseAI Flowise Affected: < 3.0.13
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-30804 (GCVE-0-2026-30804)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 15:44 – Updated: 2026-04-13 19:23
VLAI
Title
Unrestricted File Upload in Extension Uploader leads to Remote Code Execution
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability allows Remote Code Execution via file upload. This issue affects Pandora FMS: from 777 through 800
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-13 19:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type
Assigner
PandoraFMS CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 8 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Pandora FMS Pandora FMS Affected: 777 , ≤ 800 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-13 15:45
Credits
Pedro J. Núñez-Cacho Fuentes <tunelko@gmail.com>
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-29186 (GCVE-0-2026-29186)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-07 15:03 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:10
VLAI
Title
@backstage/plugin-techdocs-node: TechDocs Mkdocs Configuration Key Enables Arbitrary Code Execution
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to version 1.14.3, this is a configuration bypass vulnerability that enables arbitrary code execution. The @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package uses an allowlist to filter dangerous MkDocs configuration keys during the documentation build process. A gap in this allowlist allows attackers to craft an mkdocs.yml that causes arbitrary Python code execution, completely bypassing TechDocs' security controls. This issue has been patched in version 1.14.3.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-09 20:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-791 - Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
backstage backstage Affected: < 1.14.3
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Developer Hub 1.8 Unaffected: 1776784286 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.8::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 Unaffected: 1777903262 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.9::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Self-service automation portal 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-29104 (GCVE-0-2026-29104)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 22:55 – Updated: 2026-03-21 03:09
VLAI
Title
SuiteCRM Vulnerable to Authenticated Arbitrary File Upload via Configurator addfontresult View in SuiteCRM
Summary
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to versions 7.15.1 and 8.9.3, SuiteCRM contains an authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Configurator module. An authenticated administrator can bypass intended file type restrictions when uploading PDF font files, allowing arbitrary files with attacker‑controlled filenames to be written to the server. Although the upload directory is not directly web‑accessible by default, this behavior breaks security boundaries and may enable further attacks when combined with other vulnerabilities or in certain deployment configurations. Versions 7.15.1 and 8.9.3 patch the issue.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-21 03:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SuiteCRM SuiteCRM Affected: < 7.15.1
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.9.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-29041 (GCVE-0-2026-29041)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 03:32 – Updated: 2026-03-06 16:09
VLAI
Title
Chamilo: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Unrestricted File Upload
Summary
Chamilo is a learning management system. Prior to version 1.11.34, Chamilo LMS is affected by an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability caused by improper validation of uploaded files. The application relies solely on MIME-type verification when handling file uploads and does not adequately validate file extensions or enforce safe server-side storage restrictions. As a result, an authenticated low-privileged user can upload a crafted file containing executable code and subsequently execute arbitrary commands on the server. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.34.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-06 15:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
chamilo chamilo-lms Affected: < 1.11.34
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-28800 (GCVE-0-2026-28800)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 06:42 – Updated: 2026-03-06 16:05
VLAI
Title
Natro Macro: Malicious actions allowed through Discord RC Commands by any user
Summary
Natro Macro is an open-source Bee Swarm Simulator macro written in AutoHotkey. Prior to version 1.1.0, anyone with Discord Remote Control set up in a non-private channel gives access to any user with the permission to send message in said channel access to do anything on their computer. This includes keyboard and mouse inputs and full file access. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-06 15:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NatroTeam NatroMacro Affected: < 1.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "name": "https://github.com/NatroTeam/NatroMacro/security/advisories/GHSA-ph9r-2qjm-ghvg",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/NatroTeam/NatroMacro/security/advisories/GHSA-ph9r-2qjm-ghvg"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-ph9r-2qjm-ghvg",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Natro Macro: Malicious actions allowed through Discord RC Commands by any user"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-28800",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-06T06:42:10.409Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-03T14:25:19.246Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-06T16:05:53.775Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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