Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-434
Weakness AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Detection methods
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: High
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: High
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Relationship
This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).
This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.
Content history
Submission: PLOVER
· 2006-07-19
· CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.15
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
Modification: Eric Dalci
· Cigital
· 2008-07-01
· CWE 1.0
updated Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-01-12
· CWE 1.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-12-28
· CWE 1.7
updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
converted from Compound_Element to Weakness
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-04-05
· CWE 1.8.1
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated References, Relationship_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-09-27
· CWE 1.10
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-12-13
· CWE 1.11
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-27
· CWE 2.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-09-13
· CWE 2.1
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-10-30
· CWE 2.3
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Detection_Factors
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2015-12-07
· CWE 2.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-01-03
· CWE 3.2
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-09-19
· CWE 3.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-08-20
· CWE 4.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-07-20
· CWE 4.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-04-28
· CWE 4.7
updated Research_Gaps
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-06-28
· CWE 4.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Alternate_Terms, Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-07-16
· CWE 4.15
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-11-19
· CWE 4.16
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-09-09
· CWE 4.18
updated Detection_Factors, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Observed_Examples, References
6649 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-117551 (GCVE-0-2026-117551)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-12 17:58 – Updated: 2026-11-13 04:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla Extension - jdownloads.com - RCE through file upload in jDownloads < 4.1.8
Summary
Joomla Extension - jdownloads.com - RCE through file upload in jDownloads < 4.1.8 - Insufficient validation of frontend thumbnail uploads allowed users with upload permission to place executable files on the server. This results in PHP code execution.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-12 21:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.jdownloads.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jdownloads.com | jDownloads extension for Joomla |
Affected:
1.0.0-4.1.7
|
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CVE-2026-117512 (GCVE-0-2026-117512)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 16:30 – Updated: 2026-10-28 16:15 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system employee_insert.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was found in oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system. This affects an unknown part of the file admin/employee_insert.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument employee photo results in unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 15:58 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427078 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427078/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-117512 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1024620 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/oretnom23/php-travel-agency-sy… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/oretnom23/php-travel-agency-system/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| oretnom23 | php-travel-agency-system |
Affected:
4e28b8f84d72420373dd15c3ae32900beb7e0635
Affected: 2592d60d8f2c6e199f02c828c6d6fbc7b5298c96 Affected: b58513f8371d098650fac656001bf8f59f795d25 cpe:2.3:a:oretnom23:php-travel-agency-system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-116603 (GCVE-0-2026-116603)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 23:30 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:48 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System add_food.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file admin/add_food.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument image can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 18:48 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426509 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426509/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116603 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1022954 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CyberShailendra/SourceCodester… | exploit |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Online Food Ordering System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_food_ordering_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-116512 (GCVE-0-2026-116512)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-31 07:46 – Updated: 2026-11-02 14:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Project Manager <= 4.1.1 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via 'id' Parameter Function Injection
Summary
The Project Manager – AI Powered Project Management, Task Management, Kanban Board & Time Tracker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.1.1 via the 'id' parameter parameter. This is due to unsanitized 'id' parameter value concatenated directly into the pipe-delimited validation rule string, which is then split and each token invoked as a dynamic PHP function with no allowlist check. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server. This is exploitable by unauthenticated attackers because WordPress core executes the route argument's validate_callback inside WP_REST_Server::dispatch() before the route's permission_callback is invoked, meaning the Project_Manage_Capability authorization gate is never reached on the vulnerable code path.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 14:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wedevs | Project Manager – AI Powered Project Management, Task Management, Kanban Board & Time Tracker |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.1.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-116236 (GCVE-0-2026-116236)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 09:00 – Updated: 2026-10-31 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Oray Pugongying X5 Pro PPPoE WAN Setting upload_files plugin_init unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Oray Pugongying X5 Pro 7.6.1. Affected by this issue is the function plugin_init of the file /tmp/upload_files of the component PPPoE WAN Setting Handler. Such manipulation of the argument pppd_options leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-31 01:09 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426285 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426285/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116236 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1005084 | third-party-advisory |
| https://app.notion.com/p/Oray-Pgyer-X5-Pro-Router… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oray | Pugongying X5 Pro |
Affected:
7.6.1
cpe:2.3:a:oray:pugongying_x5_pro:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-116113 (GCVE-0-2026-116113)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 03:15 – Updated: 2026-11-02 16:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GouGuOA Api.php chunkUpload unrestricted upload
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in GouGuOA up to 6.1.2. The impacted element is the function chunkUpload of the file app/disk/controller/Api.php. The manipulation of the argument file_extension results in unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 16:49 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426181 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426181/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116113 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1003776 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Gum29/rrrreeeeeeee-readme/blob… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-116057 (GCVE-0-2026-116057)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 15:30 – Updated: 2026-10-29 20:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
KodCloud KodExplorer Online Editor Save Endpoint editor.class.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in KodCloud KodExplorer up to 4.55. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file app/controller/editor.class.php of the component Online Editor Save Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument path/filestr leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 20:09 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426141 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426141/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116057 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/997520 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KodCloud | KodExplorer |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 Affected: 4.9 Affected: 4.10 Affected: 4.11 Affected: 4.12 Affected: 4.13 Affected: 4.14 Affected: 4.15 Affected: 4.16 Affected: 4.17 Affected: 4.18 Affected: 4.19 Affected: 4.20 Affected: 4.21 Affected: 4.22 Affected: 4.23 Affected: 4.24 Affected: 4.25 Affected: 4.26 Affected: 4.27 Affected: 4.28 Affected: 4.29 Affected: 4.30 Affected: 4.31 Affected: 4.32 Affected: 4.33 Affected: 4.34 Affected: 4.35 Affected: 4.36 Affected: 4.37 Affected: 4.38 Affected: 4.39 Affected: 4.40 Affected: 4.41 Affected: 4.42 Affected: 4.43 Affected: 4.44 Affected: 4.45 Affected: 4.46 Affected: 4.47 Affected: 4.48 Affected: 4.49 Affected: 4.50 Affected: 4.51 Affected: 4.52 Affected: 4.53 Affected: 4.54 Affected: 4.55 cpe:2.3:a:kodcloud:kodexplorer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-116044 (GCVE-0-2026-116044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 05:45 – Updated: 2026-10-29 19:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
prasathmani TinyFileManager Remote URL File Upload tinyfilemanager.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in prasathmani TinyFileManager up to 2.6. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file tinyfilemanager.php of the component Remote URL File Upload Module. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 19:45 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426120 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426120/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116044 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/993761 | third-party-advisory |
| https://drive.google.com/file/d/1db5JeUDltknuzWMa… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| prasathmani | TinyFileManager |
Affected:
2.0
Affected: 2.1 Affected: 2.2 Affected: 2.3 Affected: 2.4 Affected: 2.5 Affected: 2.6 cpe:2.3:a:prasathmani:tinyfilemanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-115481 (GCVE-0-2026-115481)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 13:34 – Updated: 2026-10-23 14:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
baserCMS: BcCustomContent file fields can be configured to allow executable file extensions such as php, leading to arbitrary PHP file upload
Summary
baserCMS is a website development framework. Starting in version 5.0.0-beta1 and prior to versions 5.3.2 and 5.4.2, `PermissionGroupsService::build()` reads a plugin's `config/permission.php` to decide what each user group may reach. When that file is absent it writes a wildcard allow rule instead: `url` `/baser/<prefix>/<plugin>/*`, `method` `*`, `auth` true, for every non-admin group. BcCustomContent has no such file in any release. After an administrator installs it, the default `operators` group can store and execute arbitrary PHP under the document root. Versions 5.3.2 and 5.4.2 patch the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-23 14:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/commit/2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/commit/b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| baserproject | basercms |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0-beta1, < 5.3.2
Affected: >= 5.4.0, < 5.4.2 |
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CVE-2026-115346 (GCVE-0-2026-115346)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 17:15 – Updated: 2026-10-30 18:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Avada | Website Builder For WordPress & WooCommerce <= 7.16.2 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload via Avada Form Upload Field
Summary
The Avada | Website Builder For WordPress & WooCommerce theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload in versions up to, and including, 7.16.2 via the convert_palette_images_to_truecolor() function. This is due to insufficient file type validation before processing uploaded files. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload files that may be executable, which makes remote code execution possible.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 17:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ThemeFusion | Avada | Website Builder For WordPress & WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.16.2
(semver)
|
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"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/af757e6b-cbb3-4efd-8c83-99a03dee2311?source=cve"
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{
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/avada-responsive-multipurpose-theme/2833226"
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"url": "https://avada.com/blog/version-7-16-4-security-update/"
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
Implementation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.