Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6657 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-12846 (GCVE-0-2025-12846)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 11:03 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:33
VLAI
Title
Blocksy Companion <= 2.1.19 - Authenticated (Author+) Arbitrary File Upload via SVG Upload Bypass
Summary
The Blocksy Companion plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authenticated arbitrary file upload in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.19. This is due to insufficient file type validation detecting SVG files, allowing double extension files to bypass sanitization while being accepted as a valid SVG file. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-14 15:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
creativethemeshq Blocksy Companion Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.1.19 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Angus Girvan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12775 (GCVE-0-2025-12775)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-18 08:27 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:15
VLAI
Title
WP Dropzone <= 1.1.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
The WP Dropzone plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authenticated arbitrary file upload in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0 via the `ajax_upload_handle` function. This is due to the chunked upload functionality writing files directly to the uploads directory before any file type validation occurs. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-18 21:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nazsabuz WP Dropzone Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kenneth Dunn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12682 (GCVE-0-2025-12682)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-04 13:47 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:58
VLAI
Title
Easy Upload Files During Checkout <= 2.9.8 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary JavaScript File Upload
Summary
The Easy Upload Files During Checkout plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript file uploads due to missing file type validation in the 'file_during_checkout' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.8. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary JavaScript files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-04 14:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fahadmahmood Easy Upload Files During Checkout Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.9.8 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ahmad Salem
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12674 (GCVE-0-2025-12674)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-05 07:27 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:03
VLAI
Title
KiotViet Sync <= 1.8.5 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
The KiotViet Sync plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the create_media() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-05 14:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mykiot KiotViet Sync Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.8.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kenneth Dunn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12673 (GCVE-0-2025-12673)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-06 05:49 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:47
VLAI
Title
Flex QR Code Generator <= 1.2.7 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
The Flex QR Code Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the update_qr_code() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.7. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-08 21:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ajitdas Flex QR Code Generator Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ryan Kozak
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12593 (GCVE-0-2025-12593)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-02 06:02 – Updated: 2026-02-24 06:20 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
code-projects Simple Online Hotel Reservation System Photo edit_room.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in code-projects Simple Online Hotel Reservation System 2.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /admin/edit_room.php of the component Photo Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-03 15:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3830 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
code-projects Simple Online Hotel Reservation System Affected: 2.0
    cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:simple_online_hotel_reservation_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
yunlin (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12528 (GCVE-0-2025-12528)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-18 08:27 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:50
VLAI
Title
Pie Forms for WP <= 1.6 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
The Pie Forms for WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload in all versions up to, and including, 1.6 via the format_classic function. This is due to insufficient file type validation where the validate_classic method validates file extensions and sets error messages but does not prevent the file upload process from continuing. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload files with dangerous extensions such as PHP, which makes remote code execution possible. In order to exploit this vulnerability, the attacker needs to guess the directory in which the file is placed (which is a somewhat predictable hash). In addition to that, the file name is generated using a secure hash method, limiting the exploitability of this vulnerability.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-18 16:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Le Viet Anh
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12500 (GCVE-0-2025-12500)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 03:25 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:30
VLAI
Title
Checkout Field Manager (Checkout Manager) for WooCommerce <= 7.8.1 - Unauthenticated Limited File Upload
Summary
The Checkout Field Manager (Checkout Manager) for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthenticated limited file upload in all versions up to, and including, 7.8.1. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform file upload actions via the "ajax_checkout_attachment_upload" function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload files to the server, though file types are limited to WordPress's default allowed MIME types (images, documents, etc.).
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-19 17:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Burak Kılınç
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12399 (GCVE-0-2025-12399)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-08 09:28 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:32
VLAI
Title
Alex Reservations: Smart Restaurant Booking <= 2.2.3 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
The Alex Reservations: Smart Restaurant Booking plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the /wp-json/srr/v1/app/upload/file REST endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-10 14:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2453 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ryan Kozak
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-12378 (GCVE-0-2025-12378)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-28 05:32 – Updated: 2025-10-28 13:30 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
code-projects Simple Food Ordering System addproduct.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in code-projects Simple Food Ordering System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /addproduct.php. Performing manipulation of the argument photo results in unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-28 13:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3830 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.330214 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.330214 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.674562 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/tinggeogle01-lang/cve/issues/1 exploitissue-tracking
https://code-projects.org/ product
Impacted products
Credits
passed (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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