Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-416

Allowed

Use After Free

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

9868 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RC62-288M-P6MF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-06 12:30
VLAI
Details

Out-of-bounds access vulnerability in the frequency modulation module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24927"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T10:16:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Out-of-bounds access vulnerability in the frequency modulation module.\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-rc62-288m-p6mf",
  "modified": "2026-02-06T12:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-02-06T12:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2026/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RC69-H6PX-VF8Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 18:31 – Updated: 2024-12-31 21:30
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Input: synaptics-rmi4 - fix use after free in rmi_unregister_function()

The put_device() calls rmi_release_function() which frees "fn" so the dereference on the next line "fn->num_of_irqs" is a use after free. Move the put_device() to the end to fix this.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-52840"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T16:15:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nInput: synaptics-rmi4 - fix use after free in rmi_unregister_function()\n\nThe put_device() calls rmi_release_function() which frees \"fn\" so the\ndereference on the next line \"fn-\u003enum_of_irqs\" is a use after free.\nMove the put_device() to the end to fix this.",
  "id": "GHSA-rc69-h6px-vf8q",
  "modified": "2024-12-31T21:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-05-21T18:31:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f236d8638f5b43e0c72919a6a27fe286c32053f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/303766bb92c5c225cf40f9bbbe7e29749406e2f2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50d12253666195a14c6cd2b81c376e2dbeedbdff"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c71e065befb2fae8f1461559b940c04e1071bd5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7082b1fb5321037bc11ba1cf2d7ed23c6b2b521f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8e639f5743cf4b01f8c65e0df075fe4d782b585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc56c4d17721dcb10ad4e9c9266e449be1462683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb988e46da2e4eae89f5337e047ce372fe33d5b1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RC6F-9G56-MR6Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 20:06 – Updated: 2025-04-23 18:30
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. This flaw allows an attacker to crash the Linux kernel by simulating amateur radio from the user space, resulting in a null-ptr-deref vulnerability and a use-after-free vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-1199"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416",
      "CWE-476"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-29T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. This flaw allows an attacker to crash the Linux kernel by simulating amateur radio from the user space, resulting in a null-ptr-deref vulnerability and a use-after-free vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-rc6f-9g56-mr6q",
  "modified": "2025-04-23T18:30:35Z",
  "published": "2022-08-29T20:06:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4e0f718daf97d47cf7dec122da1be970f145c809"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/71171ac8eb34ce7fe6b3267dce27c313ab3cb3ac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/7ec02f5ac8a5be5a3f20611731243dc5e1d9ba10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-1199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2070694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20221228-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/04/02/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RC6V-3QC7-JPVM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:02
VLAI
Details

A use-after-free was discovered in the tcpbridge binary of Tcpreplay 4.3.0 beta1. The issue gets triggered in the function post_args() at tcpbridge.c, causing a denial of service or possibly unspecified other impact.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-18408"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-17T04:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A use-after-free was discovered in the tcpbridge binary of Tcpreplay 4.3.0 beta1. The issue gets triggered in the function post_args() at tcpbridge.c, causing a denial of service or possibly unspecified other impact.",
  "id": "GHSA-rc6v-3qc7-jpvm",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:02:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:02:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/appneta/tcpreplay/issues/489"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SegfaultMasters/covering360/blob/master/tcpreplay/README.md#use-after-free-in-post_args"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4V3SADKXUSHWTVAPU3WLXBDEQUHRA6ZO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MLPY6W7Z7G6PF2JN4LXXHCACYLD4RBG6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RC7M-7858-33XM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:30
VLAI
Details

Adobe Bridge versions 10.0.1 and earlier version have an use after free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution .

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-9566"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-26T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Bridge versions 10.0.1 and earlier version have an use after free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution .",
  "id": "GHSA-rc7m-7858-33xm",
  "modified": "2025-05-05T18:30:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:21:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb20-19.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RC9P-5GF8-H3M8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-02-15 18:30
VLAI
Details

A use-after-free flaw was found in vhost_net_set_backend in drivers/vhost/net.c in virtio network subcomponent in the Linux kernel due to a double fget. This flaw could allow a local attacker to crash the system, and could even lead to a kernel information leak problem.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1838"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-05T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A use-after-free flaw was found in vhost_net_set_backend in drivers/vhost/net.c in virtio network subcomponent in the Linux kernel due to a double fget. This flaw could allow a local attacker to crash the system, and could even lead to a kernel information leak problem.",
  "id": "GHSA-rc9p-5gf8-h3m8",
  "modified": "2024-02-15T18:30:39Z",
  "published": "2023-04-05T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1838"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20220516084213.26854-1-jasowang%40redhat.com/T"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20220516084213.26854-1-jasowang@redhat.com/T"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230517-0003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RCCQ-5462-RGCJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-03 09:32 – Updated: 2023-11-13 18:30
VLAI
Details

A use-after-free flaw was found in the Linux kernel’s mm/mremap memory address space accounting source code. This issue occurs due to a race condition between rmap walk and mremap, allowing a local user to crash the system or potentially escalate their privileges on the system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1476"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-03T09:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A use-after-free flaw was found in the Linux kernel\u2019s mm/mremap memory address space accounting source code. This issue occurs due to a race condition between rmap walk and mremap, allowing a local user to crash the system or potentially escalate their privileges on the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-rccq-5462-rgcj",
  "modified": "2023-11-13T18:30:58Z",
  "published": "2023-11-03T09:32:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:1659"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-1476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2176035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=97113eb39fa7972722ff490b947d8af023e1f6a2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RCFM-GWHC-4XF6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:37
VLAI
Details

There is a vulnerability of type use-after-free affecting DBD::mysql (aka DBD-mysql or the Database Interface (DBI) MySQL driver for Perl) 3.x and 4.x before 4.041 when used with mysql_server_prepare=1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-11-29T20:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "There is a vulnerability of type use-after-free affecting DBD::mysql (aka DBD-mysql or the Database Interface (DBI) MySQL driver for Perl) 3.x and 4.x before 4.041 when used with mysql_server_prepare=1.",
  "id": "GHSA-rcfm-gwhc-4xf6",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:37:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:37:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/perl5-dbi/DBD-mysql/commit/3619c170461a3107a258d1fd2d00ed4832adb1b1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-perl/packages/libdbd-mysql-perl.git/commit/?id=a8b97e4713391b1f8beffbfddac483c276feaff1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-51"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tracker.debian.org/news/819888"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/11/28/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94573"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RCG3-VWP6-7GRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:32
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: avoid use-after-free in ext4_ext_show_leaf()

In ext4_find_extent(), path may be freed by error or be reallocated, so using a previously saved *ppath may have been freed and thus may trigger use-after-free, as follows:

ext4_split_extent path = *ppath; ext4_split_extent_at(ppath) path = ext4_find_extent(ppath) ext4_split_extent_at(ppath) // ext4_find_extent fails to free path // but zeroout succeeds ext4_ext_show_leaf(inode, path) eh = path[depth].p_hdr // path use-after-free !!!

Similar to ext4_split_extent_at(), we use *ppath directly as an input to ext4_ext_show_leaf(). Fix a spelling error by the way.

Same problem in ext4_ext_handle_unwritten_extents(). Since 'path' is only used in ext4_ext_show_leaf(), remove 'path' and use *ppath directly.

This issue is triggered only when EXT_DEBUG is defined and therefore does not affect functionality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49889"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T18:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: avoid use-after-free in ext4_ext_show_leaf()\n\nIn ext4_find_extent(), path may be freed by error or be reallocated, so\nusing a previously saved *ppath may have been freed and thus may trigger\nuse-after-free, as follows:\n\next4_split_extent\n  path = *ppath;\n  ext4_split_extent_at(ppath)\n  path = ext4_find_extent(ppath)\n  ext4_split_extent_at(ppath)\n    // ext4_find_extent fails to free path\n    // but zeroout succeeds\n  ext4_ext_show_leaf(inode, path)\n    eh = path[depth].p_hdr\n    // path use-after-free !!!\n\nSimilar to ext4_split_extent_at(), we use *ppath directly as an input to\next4_ext_show_leaf(). Fix a spelling error by the way.\n\nSame problem in ext4_ext_handle_unwritten_extents(). Since \u0027path\u0027 is only\nused in ext4_ext_show_leaf(), remove \u0027path\u0027 and use *ppath directly.\n\nThis issue is triggered only when EXT_DEBUG is defined and therefore does\nnot affect functionality.",
  "id": "GHSA-rcg3-vwp6-7grp",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T12:32:10Z",
  "published": "2024-10-21T18:30:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49889"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-355557.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2eba3b0cc5b8de624918d21f32b5b8db59a90b39"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34b2096380ba475771971a778a478661a791aa15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4999fed877bb64e3e7f9ab9996de2ca983c41928"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e2524ba2ca5f54bdbb9e5153bea00421ef653f5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b114f2cc7dd5d36729d040b68432fbd0f0a8868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0cb4561fc4284d04e69c8a66c8504928ab2484e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d483c7cc1796bd6a80e7b3a8fd494996260f6b67"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RCGR-QVJP-P7C5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-21 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:32
VLAI
Details

Use after free in PDF in Google Chrome prior to 111.0.5563.110 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1530"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-21T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in PDF in Google Chrome prior to 111.0.5563.110 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-rcgr-qvjp-p7c5",
  "modified": "2025-05-05T18:32:35Z",
  "published": "2023-03-21T21:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1530"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_21.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/1419831"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FG3CRADL7IL5IHK4NCHG4LAYLKHFXETX"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HO3QZY4UQFP4XNF43ILMVVOABMB7KAQ5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NGWWGQULJ7QRNP4GY57HE7OO7VMRWMPN"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-17"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.