Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-416

Allowed

Use After Free

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

9813 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-M7FM-4JFH-JRG6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 14:43 – Updated: 2024-11-13 17:27
VLAI
Summary
Use after free in boosted trees creation
Details

Impact

The implementation for tf.raw_ops.BoostedTreesCreateEnsemble can result in a use after free error if an attacker supplies specially crafted arguments:

import tensorflow as tf

v= tf.Variable([0.0])
tf.raw_ops.BoostedTreesCreateEnsemble(
  tree_ensemble_handle=v.handle,
  stamp_token=[0],
  tree_ensemble_serialized=['0'])

The implementation uses a reference counted resource and decrements the refcount if the initialization fails, as it should. However, when the code was written, the resource was represented as a naked pointer but later refactoring has changed it to be a smart pointer. Thus, when the pointer leaves the scope, a subsequent free-ing of the resource occurs, but this fails to take into account that the refcount has already reached 0, thus the resource has been already freed. During this double-free process, members of the resource object are accessed for cleanup but they are invalid as the entire resource has been freed.

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 5ecec9c6fbdbc6be03295685190a45e7eee726ab.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Attribution

This vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.5.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow-cpu"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow-cpu"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow-cpu"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
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              "introduced": "2.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.1"
            }
          ],
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        }
      ],
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        "2.5.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow-gpu"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
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              "fixed": "2.3.4"
            }
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow-gpu"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
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              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
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              "fixed": "2.4.3"
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        }
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    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "tensorflow-gpu"
      },
      "ranges": [
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            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.5.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-37652"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-415",
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-24T12:39:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-12T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe implementation for `tf.raw_ops.BoostedTreesCreateEnsemble` can result in a use after free error if an attacker supplies specially crafted arguments:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\nv= tf.Variable([0.0])\ntf.raw_ops.BoostedTreesCreateEnsemble(\n  tree_ensemble_handle=v.handle,\n  stamp_token=[0],\n  tree_ensemble_serialized=[\u00270\u0027]) \n```\n\nThe [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/f24faa153ad31a4b51578f8181d3aaab77a1ddeb/tensorflow/core/kernels/boosted_trees/resource_ops.cc#L55) uses a reference counted resource and decrements the refcount if the initialization fails, as it should. However, when the code was written, the  resource was represented as a naked pointer but later refactoring has changed it to be a smart pointer. Thus, when the pointer leaves the scope, a subsequent `free`-ing of the resource occurs, but this fails to take into account that the refcount has already reached 0, thus the resource has been already freed. During this double-free process, members of the resource object are accessed for cleanup but they are invalid as the entire resource has been freed.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [5ecec9c6fbdbc6be03295685190a45e7eee726ab](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/5ecec9c6fbdbc6be03295685190a45e7eee726ab).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7fm-4jfh-jrg6",
  "modified": "2024-11-13T17:27:03Z",
  "published": "2021-08-25T14:43:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-m7fm-4jfh-jrg6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/5ecec9c6fbdbc6be03295685190a45e7eee726ab"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-565.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-763.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-274.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Use after free in boosted trees creation"
}

GHSA-M7G4-HQC4-25C8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/smc: fix NULL dereference and UAF in smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock()

Syzkaller reported a panic in smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock() [1].

smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock() is called in the TCP receive path (softirq) via icsk_af_ops->syn_recv_sock on the clcsock (TCP listening socket). It reads sk_user_data to get the smc_sock pointer. However, when the SMC listen socket is being closed concurrently, smc_close_active() sets clcsock->sk_user_data to NULL under sk_callback_lock, and then the smc_sock itself can be freed via sock_put() in smc_release().

This leads to two issues:

1) NULL pointer dereference: sk_user_data is NULL when accessed. 2) Use-after-free: sk_user_data is read as non-NULL, but the smc_sock is freed before its fields (e.g., queued_smc_hs, ori_af_ops) are accessed.

The race window looks like this (the syzkaller crash [1] triggers via the SYN cookie path: tcp_get_cookie_sock() -> smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock(), but the normal tcp_check_req() path has the same race):

CPU A (softirq) CPU B (process ctx)

tcp_v4_rcv() TCP_NEW_SYN_RECV: sk = req->rsk_listener sock_hold(sk) / No lock on listener / smc_close_active(): write_lock_bh(cb_lock) sk_user_data = NULL write_unlock_bh(cb_lock) ... smc_clcsock_release() sock_put(smc->sk) x2 -> smc_sock freed! tcp_check_req() smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock(): smc = user_data(sk) -> NULL or dangling smc->queued_smc_hs -> crash!

Note that the clcsock and smc_sock are two independent objects with separate refcounts. TCP stack holds a reference on the clcsock, which keeps it alive, but this does NOT prevent the smc_sock from being freed.

Fix this by using RCU and refcount_inc_not_zero() to safely access smc_sock. Since smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock() is called in the TCP three-way handshake path, taking read_lock_bh on sk_callback_lock is too heavy and would not survive a SYN flood attack. Using rcu_read_lock() is much more lightweight.

  • Set SOCK_RCU_FREE on the SMC listen socket so that smc_sock freeing is deferred until after the RCU grace period. This guarantees the memory is still valid when accessed inside rcu_read_lock().
  • Use rcu_read_lock() to protect reading sk_user_data.
  • Use refcount_inc_not_zero(&smc->sk.sk_refcnt) to pin the smc_sock. If the refcount has already reached zero (close path completed), it returns false and we bail out safely.

Note: smc_hs_congested() has a similar lockless read of sk_user_data without rcu_read_lock(), but it only checks for NULL and accesses the global smc_hs_wq, never dereferencing any smc_sock field, so it is not affected.

Reproducer was verified with mdelay injection and smc_run, the issue no longer occurs with this patch applied.

[1] https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=827ae2bfb3a3529333e9

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23450"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-03T16:16:31Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/smc: fix NULL dereference and UAF in smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock()\n\nSyzkaller reported a panic in smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock() [1].\n\nsmc_tcp_syn_recv_sock() is called in the TCP receive path\n(softirq) via icsk_af_ops-\u003esyn_recv_sock on the clcsock (TCP\nlistening socket). It reads sk_user_data to get the smc_sock\npointer. However, when the SMC listen socket is being closed\nconcurrently, smc_close_active() sets clcsock-\u003esk_user_data\nto NULL under sk_callback_lock, and then the smc_sock itself\ncan be freed via sock_put() in smc_release().\n\nThis leads to two issues:\n\n1) NULL pointer dereference: sk_user_data is NULL when\n   accessed.\n2) Use-after-free: sk_user_data is read as non-NULL, but the\n   smc_sock is freed before its fields (e.g., queued_smc_hs,\n   ori_af_ops) are accessed.\n\nThe race window looks like this (the syzkaller crash [1]\ntriggers via the SYN cookie path: tcp_get_cookie_sock() -\u003e\nsmc_tcp_syn_recv_sock(), but the normal tcp_check_req() path\nhas the same race):\n\n  CPU A (softirq)              CPU B (process ctx)\n\n  tcp_v4_rcv()\n    TCP_NEW_SYN_RECV:\n    sk = req-\u003ersk_listener\n    sock_hold(sk)\n    /* No lock on listener */\n                               smc_close_active():\n                                 write_lock_bh(cb_lock)\n                                 sk_user_data = NULL\n                                 write_unlock_bh(cb_lock)\n                                 ...\n                                 smc_clcsock_release()\n                                 sock_put(smc-\u003esk) x2\n                                   -\u003e smc_sock freed!\n    tcp_check_req()\n      smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock():\n        smc = user_data(sk)\n          -\u003e NULL or dangling\n        smc-\u003equeued_smc_hs\n          -\u003e crash!\n\nNote that the clcsock and smc_sock are two independent objects\nwith separate refcounts. TCP stack holds a reference on the\nclcsock, which keeps it alive, but this does NOT prevent the\nsmc_sock from being freed.\n\nFix this by using RCU and refcount_inc_not_zero() to safely\naccess smc_sock. Since smc_tcp_syn_recv_sock() is called in\nthe TCP three-way handshake path, taking read_lock_bh on\nsk_callback_lock is too heavy and would not survive a SYN\nflood attack. Using rcu_read_lock() is much more lightweight.\n\n- Set SOCK_RCU_FREE on the SMC listen socket so that\n  smc_sock freeing is deferred until after the RCU grace\n  period. This guarantees the memory is still valid when\n  accessed inside rcu_read_lock().\n- Use rcu_read_lock() to protect reading sk_user_data.\n- Use refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026smc-\u003esk.sk_refcnt) to pin the\n  smc_sock. If the refcount has already reached zero (close\n  path completed), it returns false and we bail out safely.\n\nNote: smc_hs_congested() has a similar lockless read of\nsk_user_data without rcu_read_lock(), but it only checks for\nNULL and accesses the global smc_hs_wq, never dereferencing\nany smc_sock field, so it is not affected.\n\nReproducer was verified with mdelay injection and smc_run,\nthe issue no longer occurs with this patch applied.\n\n[1] https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=827ae2bfb3a3529333e9",
  "id": "GHSA-m7g4-hqc4-25c8",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:46Z",
  "published": "2026-04-03T18:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e4f873879e075bbd4eb1c644d6933303ac5eba4"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1fab5ece76fb42a761178dcd0ebcbf578377b0dd"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d5e4538364b9ceb1ac2941a4deb86650afb3538"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cadf3da46c15523fba90d80c9955f536ee3b4023"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f00fc26c8a06442b225a350fe000c0a11483e6a3"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f315277856caeafcd996c2611afc085ca2d53275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd7579f0a2c84ba8a7d4f206201b50dc8ddf90c2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7G6-9CWP-6JGM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

A use-after-free in binder.c allows an elevation of privilege from an application to the Linux Kernel. No user interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability, however exploitation does require either the installation of a malicious local application or a separate vulnerability in a network facing application.Product: AndroidAndroid ID: A-141720095

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-2215"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-11T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A use-after-free in binder.c allows an elevation of privilege from an application to the Linux Kernel. No user interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability, however exploitation does require either the installation of a malicious local application or a separate vulnerability in a network facing application.Product: AndroidAndroid ID: A-141720095",
  "id": "GHSA-m7g6-9cwp-6jgm",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:58:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2215"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/01/msg00013.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Nov/11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191031-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-10-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4186-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2019-2215"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154911/Android-Binder-Use-After-Free.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155212/Slackware-Security-Advisory-Slackware-14.2-kernel-Updates.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156495/Android-Binder-Use-After-Free.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Oct/38"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20191030-01-binder-en"
    }
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7GG-JJMX-C8GF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-02 18:31
VLAI
Details

Memory Corruption when user space address is modified and passed to mem_free API, causing kernel memory to be freed inadvertently.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-47358"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-02T16:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Memory Corruption when user space address is modified and passed to mem_free API, causing kernel memory to be freed inadvertently.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7gg-jjmx-c8gf",
  "modified": "2026-02-02T18:31:32Z",
  "published": "2026-02-02T18:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47358"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/february-2026-bulletin.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7HG-2R4M-QCXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/stm: Avoid use-after-free issues with crtc and plane

ltdc_load() calls functions drm_crtc_init_with_planes(), drm_universal_plane_init() and drm_encoder_init(). These functions should not be called with parameters allocated with devm_kzalloc() to avoid use-after-free issues [1].

Use allocations managed by the DRM framework.

Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org).

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/u366i76e3qhh3ra5oxrtngjtm2u5lterkekcz6y2jkndhuxzli@diujon4h7qwb/

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49992"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T18:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/stm: Avoid use-after-free issues with crtc and plane\n\nltdc_load() calls functions drm_crtc_init_with_planes(),\ndrm_universal_plane_init() and drm_encoder_init(). These functions\nshould not be called with parameters allocated with devm_kzalloc()\nto avoid use-after-free issues [1].\n\nUse allocations managed by the DRM framework.\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org).\n\n[1]\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/lkml/u366i76e3qhh3ra5oxrtngjtm2u5lterkekcz6y2jkndhuxzli@diujon4h7qwb/",
  "id": "GHSA-m7hg-2r4m-qcxr",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:31:44Z",
  "published": "2024-10-21T18:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a1741d10da29aa84955ef89ae9a03c4b6038657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19dd9780b7ac673be95bf6fd6892a184c9db611f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/454e5d7e671946698af0f201e48469e5ddb42851"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b22eec4b57d04befa90e8554ede34e6c67257606"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d02611ff001454358be6910cb926799e2d818716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7M8-CC54-66JH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58536"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:18:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7m8-cc54-66jh",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:40Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:32:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58536"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58536"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7MG-GG49-XP87

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 03:31
VLAI
Details

Use after free in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-10943"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T23:16:56Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-m7mg-gg49-xp87",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T03:31:31Z",
  "published": "2026-06-05T00:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10943"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/504194151"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7RV-XWHQ-QX85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-12 12:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

s390/ism: add release function for struct device

According to device_release() in /drivers/base/core.c, a device without a release function is a broken device and must be fixed.

The current code directly frees the device after calling device_add() without waiting for other kernel parts to release their references. Thus, a reference could still be held to a struct device, e.g., by sysfs, leading to potential use-after-free issues if a proper release function is not set.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21856"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-12T10:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ns390/ism: add release function for struct device\n\nAccording to device_release() in /drivers/base/core.c,\na device without a release function is a broken device\nand must be fixed.\n\nThe current code directly frees the device after calling device_add()\nwithout waiting for other kernel parts to release their references.\nThus, a reference could still be held to a struct device,\ne.g., by sysfs, leading to potential use-after-free\nissues if a proper release function is not set.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7rv-xwhq-qx85",
  "modified": "2025-03-13T21:31:18Z",
  "published": "2025-03-12T12:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21856"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0505ff2936f166405d81d0d454a81d9c14124344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/915e34d5ad35a6a9e56113f852ade4a730fb88f0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/940d15254d2216b585558bcf36312da50074e711"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e26e8ac27351f457091459a0a355bacd06d5bb2b"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7VP-4954-H94V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 15:30
VLAI
Details

Use after free in WebView in Google Chrome on Android prior to 147.0.7727.138 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-7342"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T23:16:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in WebView in Google Chrome on Android prior to 147.0.7727.138 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-m7vp-4954-h94v",
  "modified": "2026-04-29T15:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-04-29T00:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7342"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/503889643"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7W2-JXF2-6J36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 15:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nft_ct: fix use-after-free in timeout object destroy

nft_ct_timeout_obj_destroy() frees the timeout object with kfree() immediately after nf_ct_untimeout(), without waiting for an RCU grace period. Concurrent packet processing on other CPUs may still hold RCU-protected references to the timeout object obtained via rcu_dereference() in nf_ct_timeout_data().

Add an rcu_head to struct nf_ct_timeout and use kfree_rcu() to defer freeing until after an RCU grace period, matching the approach already used in nfnetlink_cttimeout.c.

KASAN report: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_conntrack_tcp_packet+0x1381/0x29d0 Read of size 4 at addr ffff8881035fe19c by task exploit/80

Call Trace: nf_conntrack_tcp_packet+0x1381/0x29d0 nf_conntrack_in+0x612/0x8b0 nf_hook_slow+0x70/0x100 __ip_local_out+0x1b2/0x210 tcp_sendmsg_locked+0x722/0x1580 __sys_sendto+0x2d8/0x320

Allocated by task 75: nft_ct_timeout_obj_init+0xf6/0x290 nft_obj_init+0x107/0x1b0 nf_tables_newobj+0x680/0x9c0 nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0xc29/0xe00

Freed by task 26: nft_obj_destroy+0x3f/0xa0 nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x51c/0x5c0 process_one_work+0x2c4/0x5a0

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-31665"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T15:16:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nft_ct: fix use-after-free in timeout object destroy\n\nnft_ct_timeout_obj_destroy() frees the timeout object with kfree()\nimmediately after nf_ct_untimeout(), without waiting for an RCU grace\nperiod. Concurrent packet processing on other CPUs may still hold\nRCU-protected references to the timeout object obtained via\nrcu_dereference() in nf_ct_timeout_data().\n\nAdd an rcu_head to struct nf_ct_timeout and use kfree_rcu() to defer\nfreeing until after an RCU grace period, matching the approach already\nused in nfnetlink_cttimeout.c.\n\nKASAN report:\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_conntrack_tcp_packet+0x1381/0x29d0\n Read of size 4 at addr ffff8881035fe19c by task exploit/80\n\n Call Trace:\n  nf_conntrack_tcp_packet+0x1381/0x29d0\n  nf_conntrack_in+0x612/0x8b0\n  nf_hook_slow+0x70/0x100\n  __ip_local_out+0x1b2/0x210\n  tcp_sendmsg_locked+0x722/0x1580\n  __sys_sendto+0x2d8/0x320\n\n Allocated by task 75:\n  nft_ct_timeout_obj_init+0xf6/0x290\n  nft_obj_init+0x107/0x1b0\n  nf_tables_newobj+0x680/0x9c0\n  nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0xc29/0xe00\n\n Freed by task 26:\n  nft_obj_destroy+0x3f/0xa0\n  nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x51c/0x5c0\n  process_one_work+0x2c4/0x5a0",
  "id": "GHSA-m7w2-jxf2-6j36",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:54Z",
  "published": "2026-04-24T15:32:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31665"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070abdf1b04325b21a20a2a0c39a2208af107275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa7cfa16f98f8ec3e6d47c34e1a8c1ae4b9b8b77"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b42aca3660dc2627a29a38131597ca610dc451f9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c458fc1c278a65ad5381083121d39a479973ebed"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c581e5c8f2b59158f62efe61c1a3dc36189081ff"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0983b48c10d1509fd795c155f8b1e832e1369ff"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f16fe84879a5280f05ebbcea593a189ba0f3e79a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8dca15a1b190787bbd03285304b569631160eda"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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