Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-416

Weakness Allowed

Use After Free

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Variant level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-825 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-672 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-672 · View CWE-1305
ChildOf: CWE-672 · View CWE-1340
CanPrecede: CWE-120 · View CWE-1000
CanPrecede: CWE-123 · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods

Fuzzing

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues.

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.

Content history
Submission: 7 Pernicious Kingdoms · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Anonymous External Contributor · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.9

Suggested rephrase for extended description

Contribution: participants in the CWE ICS/OT SIG 62443 Mapping Fall Workshop · 2023-11-14 · CWE 4.14

Contributed or reviewed taxonomy mappings for ISA/IEC 62443

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: · KDM Analytics · 2008-08-01 · CWE 1.0

added/updated white box definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Relationships, Observed_Example, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-11-24 · CWE 1.1

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, White_Box_Definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Description, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-04-03 · CWE 4.17

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Functional_Areas

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Common_Consequences, Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

12544 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-R5XH-2G7X-XWFP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:04 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:04
VLAI
Details

Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 15.020.20042 and earlier, 15.006.30244 and earlier, 11.0.18 and earlier have an exploitable use after free vulnerability in the JavaScript engine. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2958"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-01-11T04:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 15.020.20042 and earlier, 15.006.30244 and earlier, 11.0.18 and earlier have an exploitable use after free vulnerability in the JavaScript engine. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-r5xh-2g7x-xwfp",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:04:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:04:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2958"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb17-01.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95343"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037574"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R63X-65VX-PPXH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-21 00:32 – Updated: 2026-10-21 00:32
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Performance in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-113344"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416",
      "CWE-754"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-20T22:19:29Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Performance in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-r63x-65vx-ppxh",
  "modified": "2026-10-21T00:32:52Z",
  "published": "2026-10-21T00:32:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-113344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_02018666648.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/561926123"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R64F-8PHX-FJ7V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit PhantomPDF 9.2.0.9297. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the richValue property of a text field. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7067.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-17698"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-01-24T04:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit PhantomPDF 9.2.0.9297. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the richValue property of a text field. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7067.",
  "id": "GHSA-r64f-8phx-fj7v",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:33:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17698"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-18-1219"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R653-48JC-R5P7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-18 18:32 – Updated: 2024-03-18 18:32
VLAI
Details

Bridge versions 13.0.5, 14.0.1 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-20752"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-18T16:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Bridge versions 13.0.5, 14.0.1 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-r653-48jc-r5p7",
  "modified": "2024-03-18T18:32:18Z",
  "published": "2024-03-18T18:32:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20752"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb24-15.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R65H-9MGP-XC65

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-30 03:32 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:34
VLAI
Details

Use after free in FileSystem in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.79 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-76025"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-30T01:16:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in FileSystem in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.79 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-r65h-9mgp-xc65",
  "modified": "2026-10-30T15:34:29Z",
  "published": "2026-10-30T03:32:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-76025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_02107719452.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/559780982"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R66M-27P7-W8FM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:31
VLAI
Details

Use After Free vulnerability in Linux kernel traffic control index filter (tcindex) allows Privilege Escalation. The imperfect hash area can be updated while packets are traversing, which will cause a use-after-free when 'tcf_exts_exec()' is called with the destroyed tcf_ext. A local attacker user can use this vulnerability to elevate its privileges to root. This issue affects Linux Kernel: from 4.14 before git commit ee059170b1f7e94e55fa6cadee544e176a6e59c2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1281"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use After Free vulnerability in Linux kernel traffic control index filter (tcindex) allows Privilege Escalation. The imperfect hash area can be updated while packets are traversing, which will cause a use-after-free when \u0027tcf_exts_exec()\u0027 is called with the destroyed tcf_ext. A local attacker user can use this vulnerability to elevate its privileges to root. This issue affects Linux Kernel: from 4.14 before git commit ee059170b1f7e94e55fa6cadee544e176a6e59c2.",
  "id": "GHSA-r66m-27p7-w8fm",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T18:31:26Z",
  "published": "2023-03-22T15:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1281"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ee059170b1f7e94e55fa6cadee544e176a6e59c2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kernel.dance/#ee059170b1f7e94e55fa6cadee544e176a6e59c2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00005.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230427-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/04/11/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R674-57FR-M2XF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:09
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate memory management when caching in PDFium in Google Chrome prior to 72.0.3626.81 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted PDF file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-5756"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-02-19T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Inappropriate memory management when caching in PDFium in Google Chrome prior to 72.0.3626.81 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted PDF file.",
  "id": "GHSA-r674-57fr-m2xf",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:09:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:09:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/895152"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JVFHYCJGMZQUKYSIE2BXE4NLEGFGUXU5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZQOP53LXXPRGD4N5OBKGQTSMFXT32LF6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4395"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106767"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6CC-J9RP-4F85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:32
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu: disable SVA when CONFIG_X86 is set

Patch series "Fix stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space", v7.

This proposes a fix for a security vulnerability related to IOMMU Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA). In an SVA context, an IOMMU can cache kernel page table entries. When a kernel page table page is freed and reallocated for another purpose, the IOMMU might still hold stale, incorrect entries. This can be exploited to cause a use-after-free or write-after-free condition, potentially leading to privilege escalation or data corruption.

This solution introduces a deferred freeing mechanism for kernel page table pages, which provides a safe window to notify the IOMMU to invalidate its caches before the page is reused.

This patch (of 8):

In the IOMMU Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) context, the IOMMU hardware shares and walks the CPU's page tables. The x86 architecture maps the kernel's virtual address space into the upper portion of every process's page table. Consequently, in an SVA context, the IOMMU hardware can walk and cache kernel page table entries.

The Linux kernel currently lacks a notification mechanism for kernel page table changes, specifically when page table pages are freed and reused. The IOMMU driver is only notified of changes to user virtual address mappings. This can cause the IOMMU's internal caches to retain stale entries for kernel VA.

Use-After-Free (UAF) and Write-After-Free (WAF) conditions arise when kernel page table pages are freed and later reallocated. The IOMMU could misinterpret the new data as valid page table entries. The IOMMU might then walk into attacker-controlled memory, leading to arbitrary physical memory DMA access or privilege escalation. This is also a Write-After-Free issue, as the IOMMU will potentially continue to write Accessed and Dirty bits to the freed memory while attempting to walk the stale page tables.

Currently, SVA contexts are unprivileged and cannot access kernel mappings. However, the IOMMU will still walk kernel-only page tables all the way down to the leaf entries, where it realizes the mapping is for the kernel and errors out. This means the IOMMU still caches these intermediate page table entries, making the described vulnerability a real concern.

Disable SVA on x86 architecture until the IOMMU can receive notification to flush the paging cache before freeing the CPU kernel page table pages.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-71089"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T16:16:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu: disable SVA when CONFIG_X86 is set\n\nPatch series \"Fix stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space\", v7.\n\nThis proposes a fix for a security vulnerability related to IOMMU Shared\nVirtual Addressing (SVA).  In an SVA context, an IOMMU can cache kernel\npage table entries.  When a kernel page table page is freed and\nreallocated for another purpose, the IOMMU might still hold stale,\nincorrect entries.  This can be exploited to cause a use-after-free or\nwrite-after-free condition, potentially leading to privilege escalation or\ndata corruption.\n\nThis solution introduces a deferred freeing mechanism for kernel page\ntable pages, which provides a safe window to notify the IOMMU to\ninvalidate its caches before the page is reused.\n\n\nThis patch (of 8):\n\nIn the IOMMU Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) context, the IOMMU hardware\nshares and walks the CPU\u0027s page tables.  The x86 architecture maps the\nkernel\u0027s virtual address space into the upper portion of every process\u0027s\npage table.  Consequently, in an SVA context, the IOMMU hardware can walk\nand cache kernel page table entries.\n\nThe Linux kernel currently lacks a notification mechanism for kernel page\ntable changes, specifically when page table pages are freed and reused. \nThe IOMMU driver is only notified of changes to user virtual address\nmappings.  This can cause the IOMMU\u0027s internal caches to retain stale\nentries for kernel VA.\n\nUse-After-Free (UAF) and Write-After-Free (WAF) conditions arise when\nkernel page table pages are freed and later reallocated.  The IOMMU could\nmisinterpret the new data as valid page table entries.  The IOMMU might\nthen walk into attacker-controlled memory, leading to arbitrary physical\nmemory DMA access or privilege escalation.  This is also a\nWrite-After-Free issue, as the IOMMU will potentially continue to write\nAccessed and Dirty bits to the freed memory while attempting to walk the\nstale page tables.\n\nCurrently, SVA contexts are unprivileged and cannot access kernel\nmappings.  However, the IOMMU will still walk kernel-only page tables all\nthe way down to the leaf entries, where it realizes the mapping is for the\nkernel and errors out.  This means the IOMMU still caches these\nintermediate page table entries, making the described vulnerability a real\nconcern.\n\nDisable SVA on x86 architecture until the IOMMU can receive notification\nto flush the paging cache before freeing the CPU kernel page table pages.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6cc-j9rp-4f85",
  "modified": "2026-10-30T15:32:23Z",
  "published": "2026-01-13T18:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/240cd7f2812cc25496b12063d11c823618f364e9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72f98ef9a4be30d2a60136dd6faee376f780d06c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cad37e358970af1bb49030ff01f06a69fa7d985"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/845875f4c6788c88e2334fe5825934821decbdc8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b34289505180a83607fcfdce14b5a290d0528476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2c3f1a3fd74ef16cf115f0c558616a13a8471b4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c341dee80b5df49a936182341b36395c831c2661"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6CG-GW4P-5GMJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-11 15:31 – Updated: 2024-09-12 15:33
VLAI
Details

Heap buffer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 128.0.6613.137 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8636"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122",
      "CWE-416",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-11T14:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap buffer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 128.0.6613.137 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-r6cg-gw4p-5gmj",
  "modified": "2024-09-12T15:33:00Z",
  "published": "2024-09-11T15:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8636"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_10.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/361461526"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6FH-64MW-837M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:30
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Views in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.115 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-15111"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-08T23:16:52Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Views in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.115 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-r6fh-64mw-837m",
  "modified": "2026-07-09T12:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-07-09T00:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15111"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_01162222768.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/517508651"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.