CWE-404
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Resource Shutdown or Release
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
1219 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3749-GHW9-M3MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-30 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-08 19:50A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in PyTorch 2.6.0+cu124. Affected by this issue is the function torch.mkldnn_max_pool2d. The manipulation leads to denial of service. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "torch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.1-rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-15T21:24:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-30T16:15:14Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in PyTorch 2.6.0+cu124. Affected by this issue is the function torch.mkldnn_max_pool2d. The manipulation leads to denial of service. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-3749-ghw9-m3mg",
"modified": "2026-06-08T19:50:11Z",
"published": "2025-03-30T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/149274"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/149274#issue-2923122269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/torch/PYSEC-2025-191.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/SECURITY.md#untrusted-models"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.302006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.302006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.521279"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PyTorch susceptible to local Denial of Service"
}
GHSA-37H7-M5MQ-C3W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-06 21:30A vulnerability was found in ghostlander Phoenixcoin. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function CTxMemPool::accept of the file src/main.cpp. The manipulation leads to denial of service. Upgrading to version 0.6.6.1-pxc is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 987dd68f71a7d8276cef3b6c3d578fd4845b5699. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217068.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-20154"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in ghostlander Phoenixcoin. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function CTxMemPool::accept of the file src/main.cpp. The manipulation leads to denial of service. Upgrading to version 0.6.6.1-pxc is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 987dd68f71a7d8276cef3b6c3d578fd4845b5699. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217068.",
"id": "GHSA-37h7-m5mq-c3w7",
"modified": "2023-01-06T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T21:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ghostlander/Phoenixcoin/commit/987dd68f71a7d8276cef3b6c3d578fd4845b5699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ghostlander/Phoenixcoin/releases/tag/v0.6.6.1-pxc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217068"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-395V-96GV-76W3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-11 03:35 – Updated: 2024-10-29 21:30The Libreswan Project was notified of an issue causing libreswan to restart when using IKEv1 without specifying an esp= line. When the peer requests AES-GMAC, libreswan's default proposal handler causes an assertion failure and crashes and restarts. IKEv2 connections are not affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3652"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-11T02:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Libreswan Project was notified of an issue causing libreswan to restart when using IKEv1 without specifying an esp= line. When the peer requests AES-GMAC, libreswan\u0027s default proposal handler causes an assertion failure and crashes and restarts. IKEv2 connections are not affected.",
"id": "GHSA-395v-96gv-76w3",
"modified": "2024-10-29T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-04-11T03:35:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://libreswan.org/security/CVE-2024-3652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/18/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3C6P-C4V9-M5MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-18 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:30An issue in redoxOS relibc before commit 98aa4ea5 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the setsockopt function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57493"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-18T20:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in redoxOS relibc before commit 98aa4ea5 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the setsockopt function.",
"id": "GHSA-3c6p-c4v9-m5mw",
"modified": "2025-04-22T15:30:52Z",
"published": "2025-04-18T21:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Marsman1996/pocs/tree/master/redox/CVE-2024-57493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/relibc/-/issues/201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/relibc/-/merge_requests/566"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3CG7-P7MP-2HCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2022-10-06 00:00Cleanup errors in some data cache evictions for some Intel(R) Processors may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-0549"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-28T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Cleanup errors in some data cache evictions for some Intel(R) Processors may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-3cg7-p7mp-2hcx",
"modified": "2022-10-06T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:07:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0549"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/06/msg00019.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DT2VKDMQ3I37NBNJ256A2EXR7OJHXXKZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T5OUM24ZC43G4IDT3JUCIHJTSDXJSK6Y"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200210-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4385-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00329.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-06/msg00016.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3F2V-9X94-8RWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-02 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-02 19:00A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in Axiomatic Bento4. Affected is an unknown function of the component mp4decrypt. The manipulation leads to memory leak. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-212682 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3816"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-01T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in Axiomatic Bento4. Affected is an unknown function of the component mp4decrypt. The manipulation leads to memory leak. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-212682 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3f2v-9x94-8rwj",
"modified": "2022-11-02T19:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-11-02T12:00:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/issues/792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/files/9727059/POC_mp4decrypt_654515280.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.212682"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3F3X-X2X3-WVHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:06Guest can force Linux netback driver to hog large amounts of kernel memory T[his CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] Incoming data packets for a guest in the Linux kernel's netback driver are buffered until the guest is ready to process them. There are some measures taken for avoiding to pile up too much data, but those can be bypassed by the guest: There is a timeout how long the client side of an interface can stop consuming new packets before it is assumed to have stalled, but this timeout is rather long (60 seconds by default). Using a UDP connection on a fast interface can easily accumulate gigabytes of data in that time. (CVE-2021-28715) The timeout could even never trigger if the guest manages to have only one free slot in its RX queue ring page and the next package would require more than one free slot, which may be the case when using GSO, XDP, or software hashing. (CVE-2021-28714)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-28714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Guest can force Linux netback driver to hog large amounts of kernel memory T[his CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] Incoming data packets for a guest in the Linux kernel\u0027s netback driver are buffered until the guest is ready to process them. There are some measures taken for avoiding to pile up too much data, but those can be bypassed by the guest: There is a timeout how long the client side of an interface can stop consuming new packets before it is assumed to have stalled, but this timeout is rather long (60 seconds by default). Using a UDP connection on a fast interface can easily accumulate gigabytes of data in that time. (CVE-2021-28715) The timeout could even never trigger if the guest manages to have only one free slot in its RX queue ring page and the next package would require more than one free slot, which may be the case when using GSO, XDP, or software hashing. (CVE-2021-28714)",
"id": "GHSA-3f3x-x2x3-wvhg",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:06:17Z",
"published": "2022-01-07T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://xenbits.xenproject.org/xsa/advisory-392.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3FF5-XQ46-87HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-19 18:30 – Updated: 2024-01-19 18:30A vulnerability was found in ProSSHD 1.2 on Windows. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-251548.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0725"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-19T18:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in ProSSHD 1.2 on Windows. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-251548.",
"id": "GHSA-3ff5-xq46-87hc",
"modified": "2024-01-19T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2024-01-19T18:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176544/ProSSHD-1.2-20090726-Denial-Of-Service.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.251548"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.251548"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GMF-2M92-WRXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-06 03:30 – Updated: 2026-02-06 03:30A vulnerability was determined in Free5GC up to 4.1.0. The impacted element is the function establishPfcpSession of the component SMF. Executing a manipulation can lead to null pointer dereference. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1973"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T02:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in Free5GC up to 4.1.0. The impacted element is the function establishPfcpSession of the component SMF. Executing a manipulation can lead to null pointer dereference. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-3gmf-2m92-wrxq",
"modified": "2026-02-06T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2026-02-06T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/815#issue-3832032062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.743236"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H23-RFWM-GCX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-24 06:31A vulnerability was identified in WebAssembly Binaryen up to 125. This affects the function IRBuilder::makeLocalGet/IRBuilder::makeLocalSet/IRBuilder::makeLocalTee of the file src/wasm/wasm-ir-builder.cpp of the component IRBuilder. Such manipulation of the argument Index leads to null pointer dereference. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The name of the patch is 6fb2b917a79578ab44cf3b900a6da4c27251e0d4. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-19T17:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in WebAssembly Binaryen up to 125. This affects the function IRBuilder::makeLocalGet/IRBuilder::makeLocalSet/IRBuilder::makeLocalTee of the file src/wasm/wasm-ir-builder.cpp of the component IRBuilder. Such manipulation of the argument Index leads to null pointer dereference. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The name of the patch is 6fb2b917a79578ab44cf3b900a6da4c27251e0d4. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-3h23-rfwm-gcx3",
"modified": "2026-02-24T06:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-12-19T18:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/8090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/pull/8099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/commit/6fb2b917a79578ab44cf3b900a6da4c27251e0d4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oneafter/1204/blob/main/af1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.337593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.337593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.717317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.717319"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, languages such as Java, Ruby, and Lisp perform automatic garbage collection that releases memory for objects that have been deallocated.
Mitigation
It is good practice to be responsible for freeing all resources you allocate and to be consistent with how and where you free memory in a function. If you allocate memory that you intend to free upon completion of the function, you must be sure to free the memory at all exit points for that function including error conditions.
Mitigation
Memory should be allocated/freed using matching functions such as malloc/free, new/delete, and new[]/delete[].
Mitigation
When releasing a complex object or structure, ensure that you properly dispose of all of its member components, not just the object itself.
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-131: Resource Leak Exposure
An adversary utilizes a resource leak on the target to deplete the quantity of the resource available to service legitimate requests.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-666: BlueSmacking
An adversary uses Bluetooth flooding to transfer large packets to Bluetooth enabled devices over the L2CAP protocol with the goal of creating a DoS. This attack must be carried out within close proximity to a Bluetooth enabled device.