Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5417 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RWXJ-39XX-47JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 00:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33
VLAI
Details

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.6. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31245"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-12T22:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.6. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination.",
  "id": "GHSA-rwxj-39xx-47jr",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:53Z",
  "published": "2025-05-13T00:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31245"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122404"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122405"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122717"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122718"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RWXQ-4J33-72W4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on MOXA Mgate MB3180 Version 2.1 Build 18113012. Attacker could send a huge amount of TCP SYN packet to make web service's resource exhausted. Then the web server is denial-of-service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-18T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on MOXA Mgate MB3180 Version 2.1 Build 18113012. Attacker could send a huge amount of TCP SYN packet to make web service\u0027s resource exhausted. Then the web server is denial-of-service.",
  "id": "GHSA-rwxq-4j33-72w4",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:05:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Jian-Xian/CVE-POC/blob/master/CVE-2021-33823.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-edge-connectivity/protocol-gateways/modbus-tcp-gateways/mgate-mb3180-mb3280-mb3480-series"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RX2J-J9HC-VHC2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:11 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:11
VLAI
Details

A resource exhaustion issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Windows 7.8.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-4409"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-03T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A resource exhaustion issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Windows 7.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-rx2j-j9hc-vhc2",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:11:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:11:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT209192"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT209194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT209196"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT209197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT209198"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RX33-59HV-J7JH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2025-01-03 00:31
VLAI
Details

Windows Local Session Manager (LSM) Denial of Service Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-37998.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-37973"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Local Session Manager (LSM) Denial of Service Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-37998.",
  "id": "GHSA-rx33-59hv-j7jh",
  "modified": "2025-01-03T00:31:05Z",
  "published": "2022-10-12T12:00:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37973"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-37973"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-37973"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RX53-RX95-FQQM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 06:32 – Updated: 2026-05-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

Mikrotik RouterOS (x86) 6.40.5 through 6.49.10 (fixed in 7) allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (device crash) via crafted packet data to the SMB service on TCP port 445.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-27686"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T06:16:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Mikrotik RouterOS (x86) 6.40.5 through 6.49.10 (fixed in 7) allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (device crash) via crafted packet data to the SMB service on TCP port 445.",
  "id": "GHSA-rx53-rx95-fqqm",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T15:31:20Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T06:32:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27686"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ice-wzl/RouterOS-SMB-DOS-POC"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51931"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RXC4-3W6R-4V47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 14:24 – Updated: 2025-08-21 15:42
VLAI
Summary
vllm API endpoints vulnerable to Denial of Service Attacks
Details

Summary

A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability can be triggered by sending a single HTTP GET request with an extremely large header to an HTTP endpoint. This results in server memory exhaustion, potentially leading to a crash or unresponsiveness. The attack does not require authentication, making it exploitable by any remote user.

Details

The vulnerability leverages the abuse of HTTP headers. By setting a header such as X-Forwarded-For to a very large value like ("A" * 5_800_000_000), the server's HTTP parser or application logic may attempt to load the entire request into memory, overwhelming system resources.

Impact

What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted? Type of vulnerability: Denial of Service (DoS)

Resolution

Upgrade to a version of vLLM that includes appropriate HTTP limits by deafult, or use a proxy in front of vLLM which provides protection against this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "vllm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.10.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48956"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-21T14:24:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T15:15:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability can be triggered by sending a single HTTP GET request with an extremely large header to an HTTP endpoint. This results in server memory exhaustion, potentially leading to a crash or unresponsiveness. The attack does not require authentication, making it exploitable by any remote user.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability leverages the abuse of HTTP headers. By setting a header such as `X-Forwarded-For` to a very large value like `(\"A\" * 5_800_000_000)`, the server\u0027s HTTP parser or application logic may attempt to load the entire request into memory, overwhelming system resources.\n\n### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_\nType of vulnerability: Denial of Service (DoS)\n\n### Resolution\nUpgrade to a version of vLLM that includes appropriate HTTP limits by deafult, or use a proxy in front of vLLM which provides protection against this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxc4-3w6r-4v47",
  "modified": "2025-08-21T15:42:03Z",
  "published": "2025-08-21T14:24:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-rxc4-3w6r-4v47"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48956"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/23267"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/d8b736f913a59117803d6701521d2e4861701944"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vllm API endpoints vulnerable to Denial of Service Attacks"
}

GHSA-RXH2-VW4H-QG4P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in the machine-config-operator that causes an OpenShift node to become unresponsive when a container consumes a large amount of memory. An attacker could use this flaw to deny access to schedule new pods in the OpenShift cluster. This was fixed in openshift/machine-config-operator 4.4.3, openshift/machine-config-operator 4.3.25, openshift/machine-config-operator 4.2.36.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-1750"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-07T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in the machine-config-operator that causes an OpenShift node to become unresponsive when a container consumes a large amount of memory. An attacker could use this flaw to deny access to schedule new pods in the OpenShift cluster. This was fixed in openshift/machine-config-operator 4.4.3, openshift/machine-config-operator 4.3.25, openshift/machine-config-operator 4.2.36.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxh2-vw4h-qg4p",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:04:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1808130"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-RXJF-75RJ-R875

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.37 and prior and 8.4.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.5 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21163"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-16T23:15:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).  Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.37 and prior and  8.4.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server as well as  unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.5 (Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-rxjf-75rj-r875",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:08Z",
  "published": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21163"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240801-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RXMQ-M78W-7WMC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-30 13:23 – Updated: 2025-07-31 11:18
VLAI
Summary
SixLabors ImageSharp Has Infinite Loop in GIF Decoder When Skipping Malformed Comment Extension Blocks
Details

Impact

A specially crafted GIF file containing a malformed comment extension block (with a missing block terminator) can cause the ImageSharp GIF decoder to enter an infinite loop while attempting to skip the block. This leads to a denial of service. Applications processing untrusted GIF input should upgrade to a patched version.

Patches

The problem has been patched. All users are advised to upgrade to v3.1.11 or v2.1.11.

Workarounds

None.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "SixLabors.ImageSharp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "SixLabors.ImageSharp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54575"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-30T13:23:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-30T20:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nA specially crafted GIF file containing a malformed comment extension block (with a missing block terminator) can cause the ImageSharp GIF decoder to enter an infinite loop while attempting to skip the block. This leads to a denial of service. Applications processing untrusted GIF input should upgrade to a patched version.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem has been patched. All users are advised to upgrade to v3.1.11 or v2.1.11.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxmq-m78w-7wmc",
  "modified": "2025-07-31T11:18:16Z",
  "published": "2025-07-30T13:23:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SixLabors/ImageSharp/security/advisories/GHSA-rxmq-m78w-7wmc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54575"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SixLabors/ImageSharp/issues/2953"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SixLabors/ImageSharp/commit/55e49262df9a057dff9b7807ed1b7bdb49187c3f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SixLabors/ImageSharp/commit/833f3ceec35af6b775950e06f03b934546cefbf6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/SixLabors/ImageSharp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SixLabors ImageSharp Has Infinite Loop in GIF Decoder When Skipping Malformed Comment Extension Blocks"
}

GHSA-RXPV-R2WJ-5VX3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-02 19:00 – Updated: 2023-01-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Libde265 v1.0.8 was discovered to contain an unknown crash via ff_hevc_put_hevc_qpel_h_3_v_3_sse in sse-motion.cc. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted video file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-43238"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-02T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Libde265 v1.0.8 was discovered to contain an unknown crash via ff_hevc_put_hevc_qpel_h_3_v_3_sse in sse-motion.cc. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted video file.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxpv-r2wj-5vx3",
  "modified": "2023-01-26T21:30:21Z",
  "published": "2022-11-02T19:00:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libde265/issues/336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5346"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.