CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5425 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q83C-64C9-C42M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 19:57 – Updated: 2024-02-01 21:16DOMPDF before 0.6.2 allows denial of service.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "dompdf/dompdf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.6"
},
{
"fixed": "0.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-01T21:16:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-10T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DOMPDF before 0.6.2 allows denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-q83c-64c9-c42m",
"modified": "2024-02-01T21:16:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T19:57:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/dompdf/dompdf/CVE-2014-5012.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dompdf/dompdf/compare/v0.6.1...v0.6.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dompdf/dompdf/releases/tag/v0.6.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "DOMPDF denial of service vulnerability"
}
GHSA-Q84M-7MH3-GVHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Cryptographic Services allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Cryptographic Services allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-q84m-7mh3-gvhw",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:45Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-26641"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q86X-4W7F-8HRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 09:32 – Updated: 2026-07-02 09:32In Eclipse Parsson published Maven Central artifacts before version 1.1.8, the JSON parser did not enforce a default maximum on the number of characters consumed while parsing a single JSON document. Applications that parse attacker- controlled JSON can be forced to consume excessive CPU and memory by processing very large documents, including large arrays, objects, strings, numbers, whitespace, or nested structures, resulting in a denial of service. Eclipse Parsson 1.1.8 introduces a configurable maximum parsing limit with a default limit of 15 million parser-consumed characters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T09:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Eclipse Parsson published Maven Central artifacts before version 1.1.8, the JSON parser did not enforce a default maximum on the number of characters consumed while parsing a single JSON document. Applications that parse attacker- controlled JSON can be forced to consume excessive CPU and memory by processing very large documents, including large arrays, objects, strings, numbers, whitespace, or nested structures, resulting in a denial of service. Eclipse Parsson 1.1.8 introduces a configurable maximum parsing limit with a default limit of 15 million parser-consumed characters.",
"id": "GHSA-q86x-4w7f-8hrm",
"modified": "2026-07-02T09:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T09:32:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/parsson/pull/169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/parsson/commit/134e8d101aa74c8b9302d0cb62f6ccb4912a9d0c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/parsson/tree/1.1.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/work_items/444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/eclipse/parsson/parsson/1.1.8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q878-VXPG-6QX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:11 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:11OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) before 2014.1.3 and 2014.2.x before 2014.2.1 does not properly handle session records when using a db or memcached session engine, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a large number of requests to the login page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-8124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-12-12T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) before 2014.1.3 and 2014.2.x before 2014.2.1 does not properly handle session records when using a db or memcached session engine, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a large number of requests to the login page.",
"id": "GHSA-q878-vxpg-6qx6",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:11:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:11:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015:0839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015:0845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2014-8124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/horizon/+bug/1394370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1169637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-January/147520.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.openstack.org/pipermail/openstack-announce/2014-December/000308.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2015-01/msg00040.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0839.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0845.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/61186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinjan2015-2370101.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q8H8-595R-F56H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:21 – Updated: 2024-02-27 21:31A vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R12.1 could allow an unauthenticated administrator to causes a denial of service when a malformed request is sent to the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R12.1 could allow an unauthenticated administrator to causes a denial of service when a malformed request is sent to the device.",
"id": "GHSA-q8h8-595r-f56h",
"modified": "2024-02-27T21:31:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:21:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Secure_Article/KB44879/?kA13Z000000L3ZF"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q8HQ-4H99-FJ7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-27 20:46 – Updated: 2026-04-24 21:02Keycloak is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack due to the default JDK setting that permits Client-Initiated Renegotiation in TLS 1.2. An unauthenticated remote attacker can repeatedly initiate TLS renegotiation requests to exhaust server CPU resources, making the service unavailable. Immediate mitigation is available by setting the -Djdk.tls.rejectClientInitiatedRenegotiation=true Java system property in the Keycloak startup configuration.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-dist"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.0.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-dist"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "26.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.2.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-dist"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "26.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11419"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-27T20:46:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-23T21:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Keycloak is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack due to the default JDK setting that permits Client-Initiated Renegotiation in TLS 1.2. An unauthenticated remote attacker can repeatedly initiate TLS renegotiation requests to exhaust server CPU resources, making the service unavailable. Immediate mitigation is available by setting the `-Djdk.tls.rejectClientInitiatedRenegotiation=true` Java system property in the Keycloak startup configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-q8hq-4h99-fj7x",
"modified": "2026-04-24T21:02:53Z",
"published": "2025-10-27T20:46:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-q8hq-4h99-fj7x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/issues/43020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:18254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:18255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:18889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:18890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-11419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2402142"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/discussions/25209"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Keycloak TLS Client-Initiated Renegotiation Denial of Service"
}
GHSA-Q8JG-FGJ4-FPHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 22:00 – Updated: 2026-06-26 22:00Summary
The WebSocket client in src/hackney_ws.erl imposes no upper bound on memory consumption across three distinct code paths. In each case, an attacker-controlled WebSocket server can exhaust the connecting process's memory without any authentication or special client configuration.
Details
1. Handshake response buffer (read_handshake_response/3)
The function accumulates received bytes into a growing buffer waiting for \r\n\r\n. The per-receive timeout resets on every chunk, so a server that trickles bytes indefinitely without completing the HTTP upgrade response grows the buffer until OOM. No total-size cap exists.
2. Frame payload accumulation (parse_payload/9, parse_active_payload/8)
parse_payload/9 (lines 816–817 and 825–826) appends each received chunk into a Buffer binary via <<Buffer/binary, MoreData/binary>> whenever the frame parser returns {more, ...}. parse_active_payload/8 does the same in active mode by appending each incoming tcp/ssl message to #ws_data.buffer. RFC 6455 permits payload lengths up to 2⁶³-1 bytes, and neither path validates the declared Len against any limit. The recv_timeout applies per chunk, not to the whole frame, so a slow trickle never triggers it.
3. Fragmentation buffer (frag_buffer)
The frag_buffer field of #ws_data{} accumulates continuation frames. A server that sends an unbounded stream of non-final (nofin) fragments without ever sending a final (fin) frame grows frag_buffer without bound.
PoC
- Stand up a WebSocket server and connect to it with hackney's WebSocket client.
- Trigger any of the three paths: (a) never send
\r\n\r\nduring the handshake; (b) announce a very large frame payload and dribble bytes slowly; (c) send an endless stream ofnofincontinuation frames. - Observe the hackney process's memory growing until the BEAM OOM-kills it or the node crashes.
Impact
Denial of service via unbounded memory consumption. Affects hackney 2.0.0 through 4.0.0 for any application using the WebSocket client against an attacker-controlled server. No authentication or special configuration is required on the client side. CVSS v4.0: 8.7 (HIGH).
Resources
- Introduction commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/690cecaf236fba49526da404a5bc889a24367a3e
- Patch commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/ce0109e2970ace6e20ff29bae9d05c3ac22ec6dc
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Hex",
"name": "hackney"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47073"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-26T22:00:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T15:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe WebSocket client in `src/hackney_ws.erl` imposes no upper bound on memory consumption across three distinct code paths. In each case, an attacker-controlled WebSocket server can exhaust the connecting process\u0027s memory without any authentication or special client configuration.\n\n### Details\n\n**1. Handshake response buffer (`read_handshake_response/3`)**\n\nThe function accumulates received bytes into a growing buffer waiting for `\\r\\n\\r\\n`. The per-receive timeout resets on every chunk, so a server that trickles bytes indefinitely without completing the HTTP upgrade response grows the buffer until OOM. No total-size cap exists.\n\n**2. Frame payload accumulation (`parse_payload/9`, `parse_active_payload/8`)**\n\n`parse_payload/9` (lines 816\u2013817 and 825\u2013826) appends each received chunk into a `Buffer` binary via `\u003c\u003cBuffer/binary, MoreData/binary\u003e\u003e` whenever the frame parser returns `{more, ...}`. `parse_active_payload/8` does the same in active mode by appending each incoming `tcp`/`ssl` message to `#ws_data.buffer`. RFC 6455 permits payload lengths up to 2\u2076\u00b3-1 bytes, and neither path validates the declared `Len` against any limit. The `recv_timeout` applies per chunk, not to the whole frame, so a slow trickle never triggers it.\n\n**3. Fragmentation buffer (`frag_buffer`)**\n\nThe `frag_buffer` field of `#ws_data{}` accumulates continuation frames. A server that sends an unbounded stream of non-final (`nofin`) fragments without ever sending a final (`fin`) frame grows `frag_buffer` without bound.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Stand up a WebSocket server and connect to it with hackney\u0027s WebSocket client.\n2. Trigger any of the three paths: (a) never send `\\r\\n\\r\\n` during the handshake; (b) announce a very large frame payload and dribble bytes slowly; (c) send an endless stream of `nofin` continuation frames.\n3. Observe the hackney process\u0027s memory growing until the BEAM OOM-kills it or the node crashes.\n\n### Impact\n\nDenial of service via unbounded memory consumption. Affects hackney 2.0.0 through 4.0.0 for any application using the WebSocket client against an attacker-controlled server. No authentication or special configuration is required on the client side. CVSS v4.0: **8.7 (HIGH)**.\n\n## Resources\n\n* Introduction commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/690cecaf236fba49526da404a5bc889a24367a3e\n* Patch commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/ce0109e2970ace6e20ff29bae9d05c3ac22ec6dc",
"id": "GHSA-q8jg-fgj4-fphf",
"modified": "2026-06-26T22:00:16Z",
"published": "2026-06-26T22:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/security/advisories/GHSA-q8jg-fgj4-fphf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/ce0109e2970ace6e20ff29bae9d05c3ac22ec6dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47073.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Hackney has unbounded buffer accumulation in WebSocket"
}
GHSA-Q8PJ-2VQX-8GGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-07 22:11 – Updated: 2021-12-02 17:48The css-what package 4.0.0 through 5.0.0 for Node.js does not ensure that attribute parsing has Linear Time Complexity relative to the size of the input.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "css-what"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-06-01T18:12:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The css-what package 4.0.0 through 5.0.0 for Node.js does not ensure that attribute parsing has Linear Time Complexity relative to the size of the input.",
"id": "GHSA-q8pj-2vqx-8ggc",
"modified": "2021-12-02T17:48:49Z",
"published": "2021-06-07T22:11:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fb55/css-what/commit/4cdaacfd0d4b6fd00614be030da0dea6c2994655"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fb55/css-what"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fb55/css-what/releases/tag/v5.0.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210706-0007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of service in css-what"
}
GHSA-Q8PP-MMM3-9J9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32A vulnerability in the Dockerized version of mintplex-labs/anything-llm (latest, digest 1d9452da2b92) allows for a denial of service. Uploading an audio file with a very low sample rate causes the functionality responsible for transcribing it to crash the entire site instance. The issue arises from the localWhisper implementation, where resampling the audio file from 1 Hz to 16000 Hz quickly exceeds available memory, leading to the Docker instance being killed by the instance manager.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7771"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Dockerized version of mintplex-labs/anything-llm (latest, digest 1d9452da2b92) allows for a denial of service. Uploading an audio file with a very low sample rate causes the functionality responsible for transcribing it to crash the entire site instance. The issue arises from the localWhisper implementation, where resampling the audio file from 1 Hz to 16000 Hz quickly exceeds available memory, leading to the Docker instance being killed by the instance manager.",
"id": "GHSA-q8pp-mmm3-9j9w",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:46Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7771"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mintplex-labs/anything-llm/commit/dd017c6cbbf42abdef7861a66558c53b66424d07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/a31a9834-e9c4-4b50-a1ec-ecb69f2a6142"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q8W9-7FWW-V592
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:58The XML parser (xmlparse.c) in expat before 2.1.0 computes hash values without restricting the ability to trigger hash collisions predictably, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via an XML file with many identifiers with the same value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-0876"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-07-03T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The XML parser (xmlparse.c) in expat before 2.1.0 computes hash values without restricting the ability to trigger hash collisions predictably, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via an XML file with many identifiers with the same value.",
"id": "GHSA-q8w9-7fww-v592",
"modified": "2025-04-11T03:58:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:07:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT205637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2016-20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugs.python.org/issue13703#msg151870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2013/Oct/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Dec/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail.libexpat.org/pipermail/expat-discuss/2012-March/002768.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-0731.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0062.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2957.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49504"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/files/expat/2.1.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail\u0026atid=110127\u0026aid=3496608\u0026group_id=10127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2012:041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinjul2016-3090568.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/52379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1527-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1613-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1613-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.