CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1205 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MR4J-MH66-4679
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-22 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-07 15:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()
If an exiting non-autoreaping task has already passed exit_notify() and calls handle_posix_cpu_timers() from IRQ, it can be reaped by its parent or debugger right after unlock_task_sighand().
If a concurrent posix_cpu_timer_del() runs at that moment, it won't be able to detect timer->it.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() and/or lock_task_sighand() will fail.
Add the tsk->exit_state check into run_posix_cpu_timers() to fix this.
This fix is not needed if CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, because exit_task_work() is called before exit_notify(). But the check still makes sense, task_work_add(&tsk->posix_cputimers_work.work) will fail anyway in this case.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38352"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-22T08:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nposix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()\n\nIf an exiting non-autoreaping task has already passed exit_notify() and\ncalls handle_posix_cpu_timers() from IRQ, it can be reaped by its parent\nor debugger right after unlock_task_sighand().\n\nIf a concurrent posix_cpu_timer_del() runs at that moment, it won\u0027t be\nable to detect timer-\u003eit.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() and/or\nlock_task_sighand() will fail.\n\nAdd the tsk-\u003eexit_state check into run_posix_cpu_timers() to fix this.\n\nThis fix is not needed if CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, because\nexit_task_work() is called before exit_notify(). But the check still\nmakes sense, task_work_add(\u0026tsk-\u003eposix_cputimers_work.work) will fail\nanyway in this case.",
"id": "GHSA-mr4j-mh66-4679",
"modified": "2026-01-07T15:30:13Z",
"published": "2025-07-22T09:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/764a7a5dfda23f69919441f2eac2a83e7db6e5bb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a4b8e3795b31dae58762bc091bb0f4f74a2200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29d5318708e67ac13c1b6fc1007d179fb65b4d7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f90fff1e152dedf52b932240ebbd670d83330eca"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/farazsth98/chronomaly"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-38352"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRFQ-6JMF-4Q53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 09:32 – Updated: 2024-03-25 09:32Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in openEuler iSulad on Linux allows Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://gitee.Com/openeuler/iSulad/blob/master/src/cmd/isulad/main.C.
This issue affects iSulad: 2.0.18-13, from 2.1.4-1 through 2.1.4-2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33632"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T07:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in openEuler iSulad on Linux allows Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://gitee.Com/openeuler/iSulad/blob/master/src/cmd/isulad/main.C.\n\nThis issue affects iSulad: 2.0.18-13, from 2.1.4-1 through 2.1.4-2.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-mrfq-6jmf-4q53",
"modified": "2024-03-25T09:32:33Z",
"published": "2024-03-25T09:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/iSulad/pulls/639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/iSulad/pulls/640"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/iSulad/pulls/645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2024-1287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2024-1289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2024-1290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2024-1307"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MV6X-F73F-XG7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-13 06:30In adsp, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07554558; Issue ID: ALPS07554558.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In adsp, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07554558; Issue ID: ALPS07554558.",
"id": "GHSA-mv6x-f73f-xg7v",
"modified": "2023-03-13T06:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-03-07T21:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/March-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVG3-9CX3-QJV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49Dell EMC iDRAC9 versions prior to 4.40.00.00 contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability. A remote authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges when a user with higher privileges is simultaneously accessing iDRAC through the web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell EMC iDRAC9 versions prior to 4.40.00.00 contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability. A remote authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges when a user with higher privileges is simultaneously accessing iDRAC through the web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-mvg3-9cx3-qjv5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000185293"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MVJP-6VJ8-PMX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2023-10-25 18:32A logged in user may elevate its permissions by abusing a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition. When a particular process flow is initiated, an attacker can exploit this condition to gain unauthorized elevated privileges on the affected system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38041"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A logged in user may elevate its permissions by abusing a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition. When a particular process flow is initiated, an attacker can exploit this condition to gain unauthorized elevated privileges on the affected system.",
"id": "GHSA-mvjp-6vj8-pmx6",
"modified": "2023-10-25T18:32:21Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/CVE-2023-38041-New-client-side-release-to-address-a-privilege-escalation-on-Windows-user-machines?language=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MW5V-W29J-C9G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-09 09:30 – Updated: 2023-01-13 03:30Memory corruption in Multimedia Framework due to unsafe access to the data members
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25716"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-09T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption in Multimedia Framework due to unsafe access to the data members",
"id": "GHSA-mw5v-w29j-c9g9",
"modified": "2023-01-13T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-01-09T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/january-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWCG-WFQ3-4GJC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 19:18 – Updated: 2026-03-30 13:34Summary
In openclaw@2026.2.24, approval-bound system.run on node hosts could be influenced by mutable symlink cwd targets between approval and execution.
Details
Approval matching on the gateway validated command/argv and binding fields, including cwd, as provided text. Node execution later used runtime cwd resolution. A symlinked cwd could therefore be retargeted after approval and before spawn.
OpenClaw's trust model does not treat one shared gateway as a multi-tenant adversarial boundary, but approval integrity is still a security boundary for operator-reviewed command execution.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Affected:
<= 2026.2.24 - Patched:
>= 2026.2.25
Fix Commit(s)
f789f880c934caa8be25b38832f27f90f37903db
Remediation
The fix adds defense-in-depth hardening for approval-bound node execution:
- reject symlink cwd paths for approval-bound system.run
- canonicalize path-like executable argv before spawn
- bind CLI approval requests to exact commandArgv
Release Process Note
Patched version is pre-set to the release (2026.2.25). Advisory published with npm release 2026.2.25.
OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.24"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32043"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T19:18:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nIn `openclaw@2026.2.24`, approval-bound `system.run` on node hosts could be influenced by mutable symlink `cwd` targets between approval and execution.\n\n### Details\nApproval matching on the gateway validated command/argv and binding fields, including `cwd`, as provided text. Node execution later used runtime `cwd` resolution. A symlinked `cwd` could therefore be retargeted after approval and before spawn.\n\nOpenClaw\u0027s trust model does not treat one shared gateway as a multi-tenant adversarial boundary, but approval integrity is still a security boundary for operator-reviewed command execution.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.24`\n- Patched: `\u003e= 2026.2.25` \n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `f789f880c934caa8be25b38832f27f90f37903db`\n\n### Remediation\nThe fix adds defense-in-depth hardening for approval-bound node execution:\n- reject symlink `cwd` paths for approval-bound `system.run`\n- canonicalize path-like executable argv before spawn\n- bind CLI approval requests to exact `commandArgv`\n\n### Release Process Note\nPatched version is pre-set to the release (`2026.2.25`). Advisory published with npm release `2026.2.25`.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-mwcg-wfq3-4gjc",
"modified": "2026-03-30T13:34:50Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T19:18:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mwcg-wfq3-4gjc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/f789f880c934caa8be25b38832f27f90f37903db"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-time-of-check-time-of-use-via-mutable-symlink-in-system-run-cwd-parameter"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s system.run approval TOCTOU via mutable symlink cwd target on node host"
}
GHSA-MWCQ-W75H-9P3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:28In SurfaceFlinger, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-150227563
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-0358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-17T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In SurfaceFlinger, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-150227563",
"id": "GHSA-mwcq-w75h-9p3w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:28:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:28:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MWV9-723W-9F8R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-03 18:30 – Updated: 2025-02-03 18:30Memory corruption while taking a snapshot with hardware encoder due to unvalidated userspace buffer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-03T17:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while taking a snapshot with hardware encoder due to unvalidated userspace buffer.",
"id": "GHSA-mwv9-723w-9f8r",
"modified": "2025-02-03T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2025-02-03T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/february-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MX29-FW97-M6GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Require frozen map for calculating map hash
Currently, bpf_map_get_info_by_fd calculates and caches the hash of the map regardless of the map's frozen state.
This leads to a TOCTOU bug where userspace can call BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD to cache the hash and then modify the map contents before freezing.
Therefore, a trusted loader can be tricked into verifying the stale hash while loading the modified contents.
Fix this by returning -EPERM if the map is not frozen when the hash is requested. This ensures the hash is only generated for the final, immutable state of the map.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T14:17:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Require frozen map for calculating map hash\n\nCurrently, bpf_map_get_info_by_fd calculates and caches the hash of the\nmap regardless of the map\u0027s frozen state.\n\nThis leads to a TOCTOU bug where userspace can call\nBPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD to cache the hash and then modify the map\ncontents before freezing.\n\nTherefore, a trusted loader can be tricked into verifying the stale hash\nwhile loading the modified contents.\n\nFix this by returning -EPERM if the map is not frozen when the hash is\nrequested. This ensures the hash is only generated for the final,\nimmutable state of the map.",
"id": "GHSA-mx29-fw97-m6gr",
"modified": "2026-06-25T15:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T15:33:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7752d36343862323bbeea4ce3adf0ec2ed86e122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2c86aa621c22f2a7e26c654f936d65cfff0aa91"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f415e114b58fe02c41191e47f24bdabb438daf72"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.