CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1063 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FC47-MQRJ-Q8W9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:30Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in NtQueryInformation Token function (ntifs.h) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in NtQueryInformation Token function (ntifs.h) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-fc47-mqrj-q8w9",
"modified": "2025-10-14T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55696"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FC4Q-H4C5-R84V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2025-05-20 18:30An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-1041.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-12T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka \u0027Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-1041.",
"id": "GHSA-fc4q-h4c5-r84v",
"modified": "2025-05-20T18:30:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2019-1065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-1065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-571"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFCH-MWMJ-F7W4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-25 03:30An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. DMA attacks on the VariableRuntimeDxe shared buffer used by SMM and non-SMM code could cause TOCTOU race-condition issues that could lead to corruption of SMRAM and escalation of privileges. This issue was fixed in the kernel, which also protected chipset and OEM chipset code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32475"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. DMA attacks on the VariableRuntimeDxe shared buffer used by SMM and non-SMM code could cause TOCTOU race-condition issues that could lead to corruption of SMRAM and escalation of privileges. This issue was fixed in the kernel, which also protected chipset and OEM chipset code.",
"id": "GHSA-ffch-mwmj-f7w4",
"modified": "2023-02-25T03:30:15Z",
"published": "2023-02-15T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2023007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FG8P-PJFG-P9XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 21:30A potential Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability has been identified in certain HP PC products using AMI UEFI Firmware (system BIOS) which might allow arbitrary code execution, denial of service, and information disclosure. AMI has released updates to mitigate the potential vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A potential Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability has been identified in certain HP PC products using AMI UEFI Firmware (system BIOS) which might allow arbitrary code execution, denial of service, and information disclosure. AMI has released updates to mitigate the potential vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-fg8p-pjfg-p9xm",
"modified": "2023-02-21T21:30:16Z",
"published": "2023-02-12T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_7394557-7394585-16/hpsbhf03829"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FGC2-W43G-3RCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-27 21:30 – Updated: 2023-11-07 21:30A privilege elevation vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo Vantage SystemUpdate plugin version 2.0.0.212 and earlier that could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-27T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nA privilege elevation vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo Vantage SystemUpdate plugin version 2.0.0.212 and earlier that could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-fgc2-w43g-3rcw",
"modified": "2023-11-07T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2023-10-27T21:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-94532"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FGC5-QJVV-CFFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-07-11 00:00CISOfy Lynis before 3.0.0 has Incorrect Access Control because of a TOCTOU race condition. The routine to check the log and report file permissions was not working as intended and could be bypassed locally. Because of the race, an unprivileged attacker can set up a log and report file, and control that up to the point where the specific routine is doing its check. After that, the file can be removed, recreated, and used for additional attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-13882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-18T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "CISOfy Lynis before 3.0.0 has Incorrect Access Control because of a TOCTOU race condition. The routine to check the log and report file permissions was not working as intended and could be bypassed locally. Because of the race, an unprivileged attacker can set up a log and report file, and control that up to the point where the specific routine is doing its check. After that, the file can be removed, recreated, and used for additional attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-fgc5-qjvv-cffv",
"modified": "2022-07-11T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cisofy.com/security/cve/cve-2020-13882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/367.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JDCHEKNR3HPJRNHE5PYKFH5GNBADTPA7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UBFHIX6RTHCK37FXMAAXP4KGAMLUFDUD"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FGGM-83VW-5VWQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:47Sander Bos discovered a time of check to time of use (TOCTTOU) vulnerability in apport that allowed a user to cause core files to be written in arbitrary directories.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11482"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-08T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Sander Bos discovered a time of check to time of use (TOCTTOU) vulnerability in apport that allowed a user to cause core files to be written in arbitrary directories.",
"id": "GHSA-fggm-83vw-5vwq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:47:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11482"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-4171-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-4171-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FGJC-5272-R725
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows BitLocker allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature with a physical attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48818"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows BitLocker allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature with a physical attack.",
"id": "GHSA-fgjc-5272-r725",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:46Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T18:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48818"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FGMM-W5CX-VRFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 19:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 11:00Summary
The Pterodactyl Client API has a logic flaw that lets users bypass their assigned limits for database allocations. This happens because the database locking mechanism used in the controllers is totally broken and doesn't actually lock anything.
Details
Inside DatabaseController.php, the code tries to prevent multiple databases from being created at once by calling $server->databases()->lockForUpdate(). In Laravel, this just configures a query builder but never actually sends a command to the database because it’s missing a terminal method like count() or get(). It’s basically a no-op that does nothing.
Since there’s no real lock, multiple requests hitting the endpoint at the exact same time will all see that the database count is under the limit. They all move forward to the DeployServerDatabaseService and successfully create extra resources on the physical host.
Impact
Users are able to create more databases than they are supposed to, potentially also breaking the web interface.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pterodactyl/panel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.12.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35202"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-26T19:30:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T20:16:35Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe Pterodactyl Client API has a logic flaw that lets users bypass their assigned limits for database allocations. This happens because the database locking mechanism used in the controllers is totally broken and doesn\u0027t actually lock anything.\n\n### Details\n\nInside `DatabaseController.php`, the code tries to prevent multiple databases from being created at once by calling `$server-\u003edatabases()-\u003elockForUpdate()`. In Laravel, this just configures a query builder but never actually sends a command to the database because it\u2019s missing a terminal method like `count()` or `get()`. It\u2019s basically a no-op that does nothing.\n\nSince there\u2019s no real lock, multiple requests hitting the endpoint at the exact same time will all see that the database count is under the limit. They all move forward to the `DeployServerDatabaseService` and successfully create extra resources on the physical host.\n\n### Impact\n\nUsers are able to create more databases than they are supposed to, potentially also breaking the web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-fgmm-w5cx-vrfw",
"modified": "2026-06-09T11:00:09Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T19:30:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-fgmm-w5cx-vrfw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35202"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Pterodactyl has a database resource limit bypass via race condition in Client API"
}
GHSA-FH27-97R5-49GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 18:30DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the IdeBusDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack... DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the IdeBusDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel's iSTARE group. Fixed in kernel 5.2: 05.27.25, kernel 5.3: 05.36.25, kernel 5.4: 05.44.25 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022049
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33907"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-14T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the IdeBusDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack... DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the IdeBusDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel\u0027s iSTARE group. Fixed in kernel 5.2: 05.27.25, kernel 5.3: 05.36.25, kernel 5.4: 05.44.25 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022049",
"id": "GHSA-fh27-97r5-49gq",
"modified": "2022-11-18T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-450613.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022049"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.