CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1067 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7XMQ-G46G-F8PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 21:55 – Updated: 2026-03-02 21:55Summary
Sandbox media handling had a time-of-check/time-of-use gap: media paths could be validated first and read later through a separate path. A symlink retarget between those steps could cause reads outside sandboxRoot.
Impact
Affected versions could permit host file reads outside the intended sandbox root in media attachment/image flows.
Fix
Media reads now use consolidated root-scoped, boundary-safe read paths at use time, removing check/use drift across call sites.
Affected and Patched Versions
- Affected:
<= 2026.2.26 - Patched:
2026.3.1
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T21:55:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSandbox media handling had a time-of-check/time-of-use gap: media paths could be validated first and read later through a separate path. A symlink retarget between those steps could cause reads outside `sandboxRoot`.\n\n### Impact\nAffected versions could permit host file reads outside the intended sandbox root in media attachment/image flows.\n\n### Fix\nMedia reads now use consolidated root-scoped, boundary-safe read paths at use time, removing check/use drift across call sites.\n\n### Affected and Patched Versions\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.26`\n- Patched: `2026.3.1`",
"id": "GHSA-7xmq-g46g-f8pv",
"modified": "2026-03-02T21:55:47Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T21:55:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7xmq-g46g-f8pv"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Sandbox media TOCTOU could read files outside sandbox root"
}
GHSA-826P-JRW2-FVW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2026-06-22 21:30An issue was discovered in MISP before 2.4.121. It mishandled time skew (between the machine hosting the web server and the machine hosting the database) when trying to block a brute-force series of invalid requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8890"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-12T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in MISP before 2.4.121. It mishandled time skew (between the machine hosting the web server and the machine hosting the database) when trying to block a brute-force series of invalid requests.",
"id": "GHSA-826p-jrw2-fvw7",
"modified": "2026-06-22T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/934c82819237b4edf1da64587b72a87bec5dd520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/c1a0b3b2809b21b4df8c1efbc803aff700e262c3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/compare/v2.4.120...v2.4.121"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82HW-Q3R9-Q2HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-13 18:38 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38Windows Kernel Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21362"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-13T18:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Windows Kernel Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-82hw-q3r9-q2hc",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:23Z",
"published": "2024-02-13T18:38:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-21362"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83R6-96M8-R52P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-12 15:30A race condition in AbstractOAuthDataProvider allows concurrent requests using the same Refresh Token to bypass single-use semantics and generate multiple valid Access Tokens, when 'recycleRefreshTokens' is set to false. A leaked refresh token can be replayed concurrently by multiple attackers or threads. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50631"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T10:16:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A race condition in AbstractOAuthDataProvider allows concurrent requests using the same Refresh Token to bypass single-use semantics and generate multiple valid Access Tokens, when \u0027recycleRefreshTokens\u0027 is set to false. A leaked refresh token can be replayed concurrently by multiple attackers or threads.\u00a0Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-83r6-96m8-r52p",
"modified": "2026-06-12T15:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/s83t3x4r626o9h8rt0ryr1w7w53l1vv8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/11/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83W9-H5WV-J9XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 16:23 – Updated: 2026-07-02 16:23Summary
Node pairing reconnection could confuse approval scope state. In affected versions, a paired or reconnecting node session could mutate pairing state in a way that changed the approval scope decision.
This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.
Impact
When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could restore or present broader node authority than the operator intended. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.
Patched Versions
The first stable patched version is 2026.5.27.
Mitigations
revoke unexpected node pairings and re-pair only trusted nodes until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.5.27"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-02T16:23:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nNode pairing reconnection could confuse approval scope state. In affected versions, a paired or reconnecting node session could mutate pairing state in a way that changed the approval scope decision.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could restore or present broader node authority than the operator intended. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.27`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nrevoke unexpected node pairings and re-pair only trusted nodes until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
"id": "GHSA-83w9-h5wv-j9xm",
"modified": "2026-07-02T16:23:41Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T16:23:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-83w9-h5wv-j9xm"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Node pairing reconnection could confuse approval scope state"
}
GHSA-8439-JWP7-67HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-11 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-12 12:00A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One Vulnerability Protection integrated component could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges and turn a specific working directory into a mount point on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41744"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One Vulnerability Protection integrated component could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges and turn a specific working directory into a mount point on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-8439-jwp7-67hh",
"modified": "2022-10-12T12:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-10-11T12:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000291645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-1404"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-845M-9J3R-JHFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-845m-9j3r-jhfg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211289"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-86GR-W4V6-64RV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-07 12:31Memory corruption while handling sensor utility operations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-07T12:17:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while handling sensor utility operations.",
"id": "GHSA-86gr-w4v6-64rv",
"modified": "2026-01-07T12:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-01-07T12:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/january-2026-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-86WQ-234Q-R6WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 06:31 – Updated: 2026-06-18 22:56The base directory (spring.cloud.config.server.git.basedir) used by the Spring Cloud Config Server to clone Git repositories to is susceptible to time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) attacks.
- Spring Cloud Config 3.0.x: affected from 3.0.0 through 3.0.7 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.
- Spring Cloud Config 3.1.x: affected from 3.1.0 through 3.1.13 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.
- Spring Cloud Config 4.1.x: affected from 4.1.0 through 4.1.9 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.
- Spring Cloud Config 4.2.x: affected from 4.2.0 through 4.2.6 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.
- Spring Cloud Config 4.3.x: affected from 4.3.0 through 4.3.2 (inclusive); upgrade to 4.3.3 or greater.
- Spring Cloud Config 5.0.x: affected from 5.0.0 through 5.0.2 (inclusive); upgrade to 5.0.3 or greater.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.1.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.1.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.1.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.3.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-11T16:19:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T04:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The base directory (`spring.cloud.config.server.git.basedir`) used by the Spring Cloud Config Server to clone Git repositories to is susceptible to time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) attacks.\n\n- Spring Cloud Config 3.0.x: affected from 3.0.0 through 3.0.7 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.\n- Spring Cloud Config 3.1.x: affected from 3.1.0 through 3.1.13 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.\n- Spring Cloud Config 4.1.x: affected from 4.1.0 through 4.1.9 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.\n- Spring Cloud Config 4.2.x: affected from 4.2.0 through 4.2.6 (inclusive); no open-source upgrade available.\n- Spring Cloud Config 4.3.x: affected from 4.3.0 through 4.3.2 (inclusive); upgrade to 4.3.3 or greater.\n- Spring Cloud Config 5.0.x: affected from 5.0.0 through 5.0.2 (inclusive); upgrade to 5.0.3 or greater.",
"id": "GHSA-86wq-234q-r6wg",
"modified": "2026-06-18T22:56:43Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T06:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41002"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-config"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Spring Cloud Config Server Susceptible To TOCTOU Attack"
}
GHSA-87PC-67C4-X49W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-03 18:33A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in PlayStation 4 firmware versions 13.00 through 13.02. The BD-J (Blu-ray Disc Java) sandbox can be escaped through a malformed JAR file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64390"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T20:16:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in PlayStation 4 firmware versions 13.00 through 13.02. The BD-J (Blu-ray Disc Java) sandbox can be escaped through a malformed JAR file.",
"id": "GHSA-87pc-67c4-x49w",
"modified": "2026-06-03T18:33:08Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T21:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3452696"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.