CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1067 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6W96-779V-FPFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 18:30Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-6w96-779v-fpfh",
"modified": "2024-11-12T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T18:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-724P-RM8H-WJX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-09 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-14 00:01An issue was discovered in Plex Media Server through 1.24.4.5081-e362dc1ee. An attacker (with a foothold in a endpoint via a low-privileged user account) can access the exposed RPC service of the update service component. This RPC functionality allows the attacker to interact with the RPC functionality and execute code from a path of his choice (local, or remote via SMB) because of a TOCTOU race condition. This code execution is in the context of the Plex update service (which runs as SYSTEM).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Plex Media Server through 1.24.4.5081-e362dc1ee. An attacker (with a foothold in a endpoint via a low-privileged user account) can access the exposed RPC service of the update service component. This RPC functionality allows the attacker to interact with the RPC functionality and execute code from a path of his choice (local, or remote via SMB) because of a TOCTOU race condition. This code execution is in the context of the Plex update service (which runs as SYSTEM).",
"id": "GHSA-724p-rm8h-wjx7",
"modified": "2021-12-14T00:01:32Z",
"published": "2021-12-09T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugsec.com/experts_teams"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.plex.tv/t/security-regarding-cve-2021-42835/761510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ir-on.io/2021/12/02/local-privilege-plexcalation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.plex.tv/media-server-downloads"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-72CH-892X-FP25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-04 12:32 – Updated: 2024-11-04 12:32Memory corruption while handling IOCTL calls in JPEG Encoder driver.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38406"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-04T10:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while handling IOCTL calls in JPEG Encoder driver.",
"id": "GHSA-72ch-892x-fp25",
"modified": "2024-11-04T12:32:56Z",
"published": "2024-11-04T12:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/november-2024-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-73RF-6MRF-759Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-03-19 18:03 – Updated: 2023-01-23 20:46Devise ruby gem before 4.6.0 when the lockable module is used is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition due to increment_failed_attempts within the Devise::Models::Lockable class not being concurrency safe.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "devise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:21:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Devise ruby gem before 4.6.0 when the `lockable` module is used is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition due to `increment_failed_attempts` within the `Devise::Models::Lockable` class not being concurrency safe.",
"id": "GHSA-73rf-6mrf-759q",
"modified": "2023-01-23T20:46:50Z",
"published": "2019-03-19T18:03:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/issues/4981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/pull/4996"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/plataformatec/devise"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "devise Time-of-check Time-of-use Race Condition vulnerability"
}
GHSA-73XX-3F4H-3MV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-13 18:31Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Installer allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20816"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T18:16:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Installer allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-73xx-3f4h-3mv2",
"modified": "2026-01-13T18:31:08Z",
"published": "2026-01-13T18:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-20816"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75JR-77WP-RPVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-11 15:31 – Updated: 2024-09-12 15:33A unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability is found in the SO Planning online planning tool. If the public view setting is enabled, a attacker can upload a PHP-file that will be available for execution for a few milliseconds before it is removed, leading to execution of code on the underlying system. The vulnerability has been remediated in version 1.52.02.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27114"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-11T14:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability is found in the SO Planning online planning tool. If the public view setting is enabled, a attacker can upload a PHP-file that will be available for execution for a few milliseconds before it is removed, leading to execution of code on the underlying system. The vulnerability has been remediated in version 1.52.02.",
"id": "GHSA-75jr-77wp-rpvh",
"modified": "2024-09-12T15:33:00Z",
"published": "2024-09-11T15:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2024-27114"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:I/V:C/RE:M/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-75VH-QGVC-R573
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2023-02-03 15:31Apport before versions 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.29+esm1, 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.19, 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.7, 2.20.10-0ubuntu27.1, 2.20.11-0ubuntu5 contained a TOCTTOU vulnerability when reading the users ~/.apport-ignore.xml file, which allows a local attacker to replace this file with a symlink to any other file on the system and so cause Apport to include the contents of this other file in the resulting crash report. The crash report could then be read by that user either by causing it to be uploaded and reported to Launchpad, or by leveraging some other vulnerability to read the resulting crash report, and so allow the user to read arbitrary files on the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7307"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-29T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apport before versions 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.29+esm1, 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.19, 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.7, 2.20.10-0ubuntu27.1, 2.20.11-0ubuntu5 contained a TOCTTOU vulnerability when reading the users ~/.apport-ignore.xml file, which allows a local attacker to replace this file with a symlink to any other file on the system and so cause Apport to include the contents of this other file in the resulting crash report. The crash report could then be read by that user either by causing it to be uploaded and reported to Launchpad, or by leveraging some other vulnerability to read the resulting crash report, and so allow the user to read arbitrary files on the system.",
"id": "GHSA-75vh-qgvc-r573",
"modified": "2023-02-03T15:31:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/%2Bsource/apport/%2Bbug/1830858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2019/CVE-2019-7307.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172858/Ubuntu-Apport-Whoopsie-DoS-Integer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-767C-45P6-HV5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-01 06:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
crypto: qat - resolve race condition during AER recovery
During the PCI AER system's error recovery process, the kernel driver may encounter a race condition with freeing the reset_data structure's memory. If the device restart will take more than 10 seconds the function scheduling that restart will exit due to a timeout, and the reset_data structure will be freed. However, this data structure is used for completion notification after the restart is completed, which leads to a UAF bug.
This results in a KFENCE bug notice.
BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free read in adf_device_reset_worker+0x38/0xa0 [intel_qat] Use-after-free read at 0x00000000bc56fddf (in kfence-#142): adf_device_reset_worker+0x38/0xa0 [intel_qat] process_one_work+0x173/0x340
To resolve this race condition, the memory associated to the container of the work_struct is freed on the worker if the timeout expired, otherwise on the function that schedules the worker. The timeout detection can be done by checking if the caller is still waiting for completion or not by using completion_done() function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-01T06:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: qat - resolve race condition during AER recovery\n\nDuring the PCI AER system\u0027s error recovery process, the kernel driver\nmay encounter a race condition with freeing the reset_data structure\u0027s\nmemory. If the device restart will take more than 10 seconds the function\nscheduling that restart will exit due to a timeout, and the reset_data\nstructure will be freed. However, this data structure is used for\ncompletion notification after the restart is completed, which leads\nto a UAF bug.\n\nThis results in a KFENCE bug notice.\n\n BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free read in adf_device_reset_worker+0x38/0xa0 [intel_qat]\n Use-after-free read at 0x00000000bc56fddf (in kfence-#142):\n adf_device_reset_worker+0x38/0xa0 [intel_qat]\n process_one_work+0x173/0x340\n\nTo resolve this race condition, the memory associated to the container\nof the work_struct is freed on the worker if the timeout expired,\notherwise on the function that schedules the worker.\nThe timeout detection can be done by checking if the caller is\nstill waiting for completion or not by using completion_done() function.",
"id": "GHSA-767c-45p6-hv5q",
"modified": "2026-05-12T12:31:43Z",
"published": "2024-05-01T06:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c2cf5142bfb634c0ef0a1a69cdf37950747d0be"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/226fc408c5fcd23cc4186f05ea3a09a7a9aef2f7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ae5a97781ce7d6ecc9c7055396535815b64ca4f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d42e097607c4d246d99225bf2b195b6167a210c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a5a7611ccc7b1fba8d933a9f22a2e76859d94dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e81cd58aee14a470891733181a47d123193ba81"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb279ead42263e9fb09480f02a4247b2c287d828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d03092550f526a79cf1ade7f0dfa74906f39eb71"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daba62d9eeddcc5b1081be7d348ca836c83c59d7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00020.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76HH-C32P-QPF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 18:30Update description and links DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the FvbServicesRuntimeDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack.. "DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the FvbServicesRuntimeDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel's iSTARE group. Fixed in Kernel 5.2: 05.27.21. Kernel 5.3: 05.36.21. Kernel 5.4: 05.44.21. Kernel 5.5: 05.52.21 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022044
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31243"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Update description and links DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the FvbServicesRuntimeDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack.. \"DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the FvbServicesRuntimeDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel\u0027s iSTARE group. Fixed in Kernel 5.2: 05.27.21. Kernel 5.3: 05.36.21. Kernel 5.4: 05.44.21. Kernel 5.5: 05.52.21 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022044",
"id": "GHSA-76hh-c32p-qpf2",
"modified": "2022-11-18T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-450613.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022044"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-783M-F4C2-PGQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 18:31An attacker could have executed unauthorized scripts on top origin sites using a JavaScript URI when opening an external URL with a custom Firefox scheme and a timeout race condition. This vulnerability affects Focus for iOS < 122.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-22T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker could have executed unauthorized scripts on top origin sites using a JavaScript URI when opening an external URL with a custom Firefox scheme and a timeout race condition. This vulnerability affects Focus for iOS \u003c 122.",
"id": "GHSA-783m-f4c2-pgqr",
"modified": "2025-01-28T18:31:20Z",
"published": "2024-02-22T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1863831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.