CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1207 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-39HH-F7R8-595F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:48Device Guard in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, and 1709, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an attacker to make an unsigned file appear to be signed, due to a security feature bypass, aka "Device Guard Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-15T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Device Guard in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, and 1709, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an attacker to make an unsigned file appear to be signed, due to a security feature bypass, aka \"Device Guard Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\".",
"id": "GHSA-39hh-f7r8-595f",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:48:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039790"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39P9-VQPX-2VP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 21:30Time-of-check Time-of-use Race Condition in some Intel(R) processors with Intel(R) ACTM may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22185"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T21:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check Time-of-use Race Condition in some Intel(R) processors with Intel(R) ACTM may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-39p9-vqpx-2vp6",
"modified": "2024-11-13T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-11-13T21:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01111.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3C6G-7V4G-5XCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-08 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-08 15:31Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in pg_dump in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the user running pg_dump, which is often a superuser. The attack involves replacing another relation type with a view or foreign table. The attack requires waiting for pg_dump to start, but winning the race condition is trivial if the attacker retains an open transaction. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.4, 15.8, 14.13, 13.16, and 12.20 are affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7348"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-08T13:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in pg_dump in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the user running pg_dump, which is often a superuser. The attack involves replacing another relation type with a view or foreign table. The attack requires waiting for pg_dump to start, but winning the race condition is trivial if the attacker retains an open transaction. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.4, 15.8, 14.13, 13.16, and 12.20 are affected.",
"id": "GHSA-3c6g-7v4g-5xcm",
"modified": "2024-08-08T15:31:30Z",
"published": "2024-08-08T15:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.postgresql.org/support/security/CVE-2024-7348"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3CVR-9V2W-RHHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A local user may be able to load unsigned kernel extensions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A local user may be able to load unsigned kernel extensions.",
"id": "GHSA-3cvr-9v2w-rhhq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211289"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3F2H-96VW-C84X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-07 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-07 21:30llama.cpp builds b7492 through the latest b9060 contains a use-after-free vulnerability in llama-server affecting six tokenization endpoints (/tokenize, /detokenize, /infill, /apply-template, /rerank, and /anthropic/count_tokens) that bypass the task queue and access ctx_server.vocab directly on HTTP worker threads. Attackers can exploit a time-of-check-time-of-use race condition where the main thread destroys and frees vocab after the synchronization lock is released but before the handler finishes using it, causing a crash or potential code execution when --sleep-idle-seconds is configured.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43632"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-06T22:17:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "llama.cpp builds b7492 through the latest b9060 contains a use-after-free vulnerability in llama-server affecting six tokenization endpoints (/tokenize, /detokenize, /infill, /apply-template, /rerank, and /anthropic/count_tokens) that bypass the task queue and access ctx_server.vocab directly on HTTP worker threads. Attackers can exploit a time-of-check-time-of-use race condition where the main thread destroys and frees vocab after the synchronization lock is released but before the handler finishes using it, causing a crash or potential code execution when --sleep-idle-seconds is configured.",
"id": "GHSA-3f2h-96vw-c84x",
"modified": "2026-08-07T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-08-07T00:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Vladimir-tokarev-cyera/llama-cpp-security-patches"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/llama-cpp-b7492-b9060-use-after-free-in-tokenization-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3F72-RQQJ-2FM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-23 03:30 – Updated: 2022-11-27 06:30An Arm product family through 2022-06-29 has a TOCTOU Race Condition that allows non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-23T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Arm product family through 2022-06-29 has a TOCTOU Race Condition that allows non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.",
"id": "GHSA-3f72-rqqj-2fm8",
"modified": "2022-11-27T06:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-11-23T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.arm.com/Arm%20Security%20Center/Mali%20GPU%20Driver%20Vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G2W-RHVJ-J46G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-27 21:30 – Updated: 2023-11-07 21:30A Time of Check Time of Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo Vantage SystemUpdate Plugin version 2.0.0.212 and earlier that could allow a local attacker to delete arbitrary files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-27T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Time of Check Time of Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo Vantage SystemUpdate Plugin version 2.0.0.212 and earlier that could allow a local attacker to delete arbitrary files.",
"id": "GHSA-3g2w-rhvj-j46g",
"modified": "2023-11-07T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2023-10-27T21:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-94532"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GCX-WJR4-JV32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 12:30 – Updated: 2023-12-04 15:31A time-of-check to time-of-use issue exists in io_uring subsystem's IORING_OP_CLOSE operation in the Linux kernel's versions 5.6 - 5.11 (inclusive), which allows a local user to elevate their privileges to root. Introduced in b5dba59e0cf7e2cc4d3b3b1ac5fe81ddf21959eb, patched in 9eac1904d3364254d622bf2c771c4f85cd435fc2, backported to stable in 788d0824269bef539fe31a785b1517882eafed93.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A time-of-check to time-of-use issue exists in io_uring subsystem\u0027s IORING_OP_CLOSE operation in the Linux kernel\u0027s versions 5.6 - 5.11 (inclusive), which allows a local user to elevate their privileges to root. Introduced in b5dba59e0cf7e2cc4d3b3b1ac5fe81ddf21959eb, patched in 9eac1904d3364254d622bf2c771c4f85cd435fc2, backported to stable in 788d0824269bef539fe31a785b1517882eafed93.",
"id": "GHSA-3gcx-wjr4-jv32",
"modified": "2023-12-04T15:31:54Z",
"published": "2023-06-28T12:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=788d0824269bef539fe31a785b1517882eafed93"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=9eac1904d3364254d622bf2c771c4f85cd435fc2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=b5dba59e0cf7e2cc4d3b3b1ac5fe81ddf21959eb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kernel.dance/788d0824269bef539fe31a785b1517882eafed93"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kernel.dance/9eac1904d3364254d622bf2c771c4f85cd435fc2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230731-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GXJ-93JF-H822
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:43 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:43An ability to process crash dumps under root privileges and inappropriate symlinks handling could lead to a local privilege escalation in Crash Reporting in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 61.0.3163.113 allowed a local attacker to perform privilege escalation via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-09T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An ability to process crash dumps under root privileges and inappropriate symlinks handling could lead to a local privilege escalation in Crash Reporting in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 61.0.3163.113 allowed a local attacker to perform privilege escalation via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-3gxj-93jf-h822",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:43:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:43:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2017/10/stable-channel-updates-for-chrome-os.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/766275"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3JJ9-9269-99M2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-12 18:30Calling PK11_Encrypt() in NSS using CKM_CHACHA20 and the same buffer for input and output can result in plaintext on an Intel Sandy Bridge processor. In Firefox this only affects the QUIC header protection feature when the connection is using the ChaCha20-Poly1305 cipher suite. The most likely outcome is connection failure, but if the connection persists despite the high packet loss it could be possible for a network observer to identify packets as coming from the same source despite a network path change. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 129, Firefox ESR < 115.14, and Firefox ESR < 128.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-06T13:15:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Calling `PK11_Encrypt()` in NSS using CKM_CHACHA20 and the same buffer for input and output can result in plaintext on an Intel Sandy Bridge processor. In Firefox this only affects the QUIC header protection feature when the connection is using the ChaCha20-Poly1305 cipher suite. The most likely outcome is connection failure, but if the connection persists despite the high packet loss it could be possible for a network observer to identify packets as coming from the same source despite a network path change. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 129, Firefox ESR \u003c 115.14, and Firefox ESR \u003c 128.1.",
"id": "GHSA-3jj9-9269-99m2",
"modified": "2024-08-12T18:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-08-06T15:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1905691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-34"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-35"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.