Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

1403 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-58094 (GCVE-0-2026-58094)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 05:39 – Updated: 2026-08-27 03:57
VLAI
Title
TOCTOU race in POSIX shared memory large page configuration
Summary
The FIOSSHMLPGCNF ioctl(2) operation configures the page size for a largepage shared memory object. This is intended to be used immediately after creating the object, before any memory is allocated for the object. The handler checked whether a page size had already been configured without holding the rangelock. Two concurrent callers could both observe an unconfigured object and set conflicting page sizes, leaving the object in an inconsistent state. An unprivileged local user can exploit this race to escalate privileges.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
freebsd CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 67 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeBSD FreeBSD Affected: 15.1-RELEASE , < p3 (release)
Affected: 15.0-RELEASE , < p13 (release)
Affected: 14.4-RELEASE , < p9 (release)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-25 19:45
Credits
tsune of GMO Cybersecurity by Ierae, Inc. working with TrendAI Zero Day Initiative
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-58041 (GCVE-0-2026-58041)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-04 00:49 – Updated: 2026-08-04 15:04
VLAI
Summary
A flaw in Node.js node:sqlite allows a stale StatementSyncIterator created through DatabaseSync#createTagStore() to continue executing a cached prepared statement after it has been reset and rebound with new parameters. SQLTagStore resets cached statements using sqlite3_reset() directly, bypassing the iterator invalidation mechanism introduced for StatementSync in recent releases This vulnerability affects Node.js **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-04 14:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 59/100 over 187 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nodejs node Affected: 22.23.1 , ≤ 22.23.1 (semver)
Affected: 24.18.0 , ≤ 24.18.0 (semver)
Affected: 26.5.0 , ≤ 26.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57973 (GCVE-0-2026-57973)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:09 – Updated: 2026-10-08 18:17
VLAI
Title
Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) Kernel Tampering Vulnerability
Summary
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Subsystem for Linux allows an authorized attacker to perform tampering locally.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 03:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3956 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) Affected: 5.0.0.0 , < 2.7.10 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:windows_subsystem_for_linux:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57959 (GCVE-0-2026-57959)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 17:24 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:34 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Hi.Events 1.9.0 - Promo Code Max-Usage Bypass via Asynchronous Job Race Condition
Summary
Hi.Events through 1.9.0 contains a promo code validation vulnerability where reservation validates usage count before asynchronous UpdateEventStatisticsJob increments it, allowing attackers to redeem limited promo codes unlimited times. Attackers can sequentially reserve multiple orders with the same restricted promo code, each reading order_usage_count=0 and passing validation, then complete them all at discounted prices without concurrent requests.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 19:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6487 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HiEventsDev Hi.Events Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.9.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:hi.events:hi.events:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-17 00:00
Credits
George Chen
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57818 (GCVE-0-2026-57818)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 11:24 – Updated: 2026-08-07 00:01
VLAI
Title
Apache CXF: OAuth2 Authorization Code Replay via TOCTOU in JCacheCodeDataProvider
Summary
A race condition in JCacheCodeDataProvider allows an attacker to redeem a single authorization code multiple times via concurrent requests, resulting in the issuance of multiple distinct, valid access tokens. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.3, 4.1.8 or 3.6.12, which fix this issue.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 14:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 1004 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache CXF Affected: 4.2.0 , < 4.2.3 (semver)
Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.1.8 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 3.6.12 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Guanping Zhang reported this vulnerability
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57569 (GCVE-0-2026-57569)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 16:24 – Updated: 2026-10-15 17:58
VLAI
Title
Lychee: Distinct post-fix SSRF variant in Photo::fromUrl due to missing IP pinning after DNS-based validation
Summary
Lychee is a free, open-source photo-management tool. Prior to 7.6.0, the POST /api/v2/Photo::fromUrl flow validates a hostname and its resolved addresses in app/Rules/PhotoUrlRule.php but later passes the original hostname through app/Actions/Import/FromUrl.php to app/Image/Files/DownloadedFile.php for a separate fopen connection. An authenticated attacker who controls DNS responses can cause validation to observe a public address and the subsequent fetch to resolve the same hostname to a private or otherwise forbidden address. This DNS rebinding time-of-check to time-of-use mismatch bypasses the intended server-side request forgery protections and can reach services available from the Lychee server, subject to deployment and TLS behavior. This issue is fixed in version 7.6.0.
Severity
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 17:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7626 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LycheeOrg Lychee Affected: < 7.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56822 (GCVE-0-2026-56822)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 23:17 – Updated: 2026-07-30 03:55
VLAI
Title
Netty: TOCTOU in OcspServerCertificateValidator
Summary
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, the OcspServerCertificateValidator forwards the SslHandshakeCompletionEvent before the asynchronous OCSP validation completes. This allows the client's downstream handlers to send sensitive application data (e.g., HTTP requests) to a revoked server before the channel is closed by the OCSP check. n io.netty.handler.ssl.ocsp.OcspServerCertificateValidator#userEventTriggered, when an SslHandshakeCompletionEvent is received, the validator immediately calls ctx.fireUserEventTriggered(evt). It then initiates an asynchronous OCSP query using OcspClient.query. Because the handshake completion event is forwarded immediately, downstream handlers in the client's pipeline are notified that the TLS handshake is successful. They may then begin reading and processing incoming application data or sending outgoing data. If the OCSP response later indicates the server's certificate is REVOKED, the validator closes the channel, but by this time, the client may have already leaked sensitive data to a revoked server or processed malicious responses from it. This issue has been fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7626 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netty netty Affected: >= 4.2.0.Final, < 4.2.16.Final
Affected: < 4.1.136.Final
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56797 (GCVE-0-2026-56797)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-20 15:57
VLAI
Summary
Dell Command Update (DCU), versions prior to 5.7.1, a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Elevation of Privileges.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 15:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
dell CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 442 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Dell Command Update (DCU) Affected: 0 , < 5.7.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-18 14:50
Credits
Dell would like to thank SuperDevSecurity for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56708 (GCVE-0-2026-56708)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 01:30 – Updated: 2026-08-25 18:07
VLAI
Title
Grav API Plugin before 1.0.16 SSRF via DNS Rebinding
Summary
Grav API plugin before 1.0.16 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in webhook delivery that allows attackers to bypass hostname validation by DNS rebinding. Attackers controlling authoritative DNS for a configured webhook hostname can answer validation lookups with public addresses and delivery lookups with private addresses to reach internal network resources.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 18:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6487 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getgrav grav Affected: 0 , < 1.0.16 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.16 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-10 00:00
Credits
alham-rizvi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56676 (GCVE-0-2026-56676)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 15:30 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:11
VLAI
Title
9router: Image prefetch DNS rebinding allows SSRF to internal services
Summary
9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.5.2, 9router validates image URLs by resolving the host before fetching, but open-sse/translator/concerns/image.js performs the later server-side image fetch with a separate DNS resolution. An authenticated attacker with access to the LLM proxy can use a vision-capable model and an attacker-controlled DNS name that first resolves to a public IP and then rebinds to an internal address, allowing server-side requests to internal-only HTTP services. This issue is fixed in version 0.5.2.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 18:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7626 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
decolua 9router Affected: < 0.5.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.

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