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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-362

Allowed-with-Review

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

3190 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MC36-5M36-HJH5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:58 – Updated: 2021-08-18 20:21
VLAI
Summary
Data races in slock
Details

An issue was discovered in the slock crate through 2020-11-17 for Rust. Slock unconditionally implements Send and Sync.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "slock"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36455"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-18T20:21:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-08T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the slock crate through 2020-11-17 for Rust. Slock\u003cT\u003e unconditionally implements Send and Sync.",
  "id": "GHSA-mc36-5m36-hjh5",
  "modified": "2021-08-18T20:21:54Z",
  "published": "2021-08-25T20:58:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36455"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/BrokenLamp/slock-rs/issues/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/BrokenLamp/slock-rs/commit/719df35f55b6cab4ca2a7f840347a06ecbd8aac6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/BrokenLamp/slock-rs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rustsec/advisory-db/main/crates/slock/RUSTSEC-2020-0135.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2020-0135.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Data races in slock"
}

GHSA-MC52-JPM2-CQH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 16:56 – Updated: 2023-04-03 19:15
VLAI
Summary
Deno is vulnerable to race condition via interactive permission prompt spoofing
Details

Impact

Multi-threaded programs were able to spoof interactive permission prompt by rewriting the prompt to suggest that program is waiting on user confirmation to unrelated action.

A malicious program could clear the terminal screen after permission prompt was shown and write a generic message like so:

// Expected prompt
⚠️  ┌ Deno requests read access to "./log.txt".
   ├ Requested by `Deno.open()` API
   ├ Run again with --allow-read to bypass this prompt.
   └ Allow? [y/n] (y = yes, allow; n = no, deny) >

// Prompt that users would see
Do you want to continue?

This situation impacts users who use Web Worker API and relied on interactive permission prompt. The reproduction is very timing sensitive and can’t be reliably reproduced on every try.

This problem can not be exploited on systems that do not attach an interactive prompt (for example headless servers).

Patches

The problem has been fixed in Deno v1.29.3; it is recommended all users update to this version.

Workarounds

Run with --no-prompt flag to disable interactive permission prompts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "deno"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.9.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.29.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22499"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-20T16:56:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-17T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nMulti-threaded programs were able to spoof interactive permission prompt by rewriting the prompt to suggest that program is waiting on user confirmation to unrelated action. \n\nA malicious program could clear the terminal screen after permission prompt was shown and write a generic message like so:\n```\n// Expected prompt\n\u26a0\ufe0f  \u250c Deno requests read access to \"./log.txt\".\n   \u251c Requested by `Deno.open()` API\n   \u251c Run again with --allow-read to bypass this prompt.\n   \u2514 Allow? [y/n] (y = yes, allow; n = no, deny) \u003e\n\n// Prompt that users would see\nDo you want to continue?\n```\n\nThis situation impacts users who use Web Worker API and relied on interactive permission prompt. The reproduction is very timing sensitive and can\u2019t be reliably reproduced on every try.\n\nThis problem can not be exploited on systems that do not attach an interactive prompt (for example headless servers). \n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been fixed in Deno v1.29.3; it is recommended all users update to this version.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nRun with `--no-prompt` flag to disable interactive permission prompts.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-mc52-jpm2-cqh6",
  "modified": "2023-04-03T19:15:49Z",
  "published": "2023-01-20T16:56:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisories/GHSA-mc52-jpm2-cqh6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22499"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/pull/17392"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Deno is vulnerable to race condition via interactive permission prompt spoofing"
}

GHSA-MC5J-F6WX-H9QH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 18:45 – Updated: 2026-06-25 18:45
VLAI
Summary
Filament: Multi-factor authentication (app) recovery codes can still be used multiple times via concurrent submission
Details

A flaw in the handling of recovery codes for app-based multi-factor authentication allows the same recovery code to be reused via concurrent submission. This issue does not affect email-based MFA. It also only applies when recovery codes are enabled.

If an attacker gains access to both the user's password and their recovery codes, they get two authenticated sessions per recovery code burned instead of one, or more if they batch the parallel submissions wider, materially extending the attacker's window of access compared to what the single-use guarantee implies.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "filament/filament"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "filament/filament"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.6.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48505"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-841"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-25T18:45:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-22T22:16:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw in the handling of recovery codes for **app-based multi-factor authentication** allows the same recovery code to be reused via concurrent submission. This issue does **not** affect email-based MFA. It also only applies when recovery codes are enabled.\n\nIf an attacker gains access to both the user\u0027s password and their recovery codes, they get two authenticated sessions per recovery code burned instead of one, or more if they batch the parallel submissions wider, materially extending the attacker\u0027s window of access compared to what the single-use guarantee implies.",
  "id": "GHSA-mc5j-f6wx-h9qh",
  "modified": "2026-06-25T18:45:46Z",
  "published": "2026-06-25T18:45:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament/security/advisories/GHSA-mc5j-f6wx-h9qh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48505"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Filament: Multi-factor authentication (app) recovery codes can still be used multiple times via concurrent submission"
}

GHSA-MC9M-6FM9-PGHC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-20 18:34 – Updated: 2026-08-20 18:34
VLAI
Summary
Zoo Design Studio: Memory-corruption in memory handling of lib-kcl
Details

A race condition in kcl-lib can result in a use-after-free when accessing environments concurrently. During Vec reallocation, the previous buffer containing Box pointers is freed and replaced. A concurrent get_env operation that has already loaded a pointer to the old buffer may subsequently index into freed memory and retrieve a stale or corrupted Pin>.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "zoo-kcl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.153"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "kcl-lib"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.153"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-20T18:34:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A race condition in kcl-lib can result in a use-after-free when accessing environments concurrently. During Vec reallocation, the previous buffer containing Box pointers is freed and replaced. A concurrent get_env operation that has already loaded a pointer to the old buffer may subsequently index into freed memory and retrieve a stale or corrupted Pin\u003cBox\u003cEnvironment\u003e\u003e.",
  "id": "GHSA-mc9m-6fm9-pghc",
  "modified": "2026-08-20T18:34:11Z",
  "published": "2026-08-20T18:34:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/KittyCAD/modeling-app/security/advisories/GHSA-mc9m-6fm9-pghc"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/KittyCAD/modeling-app"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Zoo Design Studio: Memory-corruption in memory handling of lib-kcl"
}

GHSA-MCF6-5WR6-J2WX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-13 00:33 – Updated: 2025-02-13 00:33
VLAI
Details

Race condition in some Intel(R) System Security Report and System Resources Defense firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48366"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T22:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Race condition in some Intel(R) System Security Report and System Resources Defense firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-mcf6-5wr6-j2wx",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T00:33:04Z",
  "published": "2025-02-13T00:33:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48366"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01203.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MCFR-36HC-HJP6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:28 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:28
VLAI
Details

In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 820, SD 820A, and SD 835, TOCTOU vulnerability may occur while composing the RPMB request using HLOS controlled buffers.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10409"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-04-18T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 820, SD 820A, and SD 835, TOCTOU vulnerability may occur while composing the RPMB request using HLOS controlled buffers.",
  "id": "GHSA-mcfr-36hc-hjp6",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:28:37Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:28:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-04-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103671"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MCQJ-RP7M-8P8V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tcp: Fix data-races around sysctl_tcp_slow_start_after_idle.

While reading sysctl_tcp_slow_start_after_idle, it can be changed concurrently. Thus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its readers.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-49572"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp: Fix data-races around sysctl_tcp_slow_start_after_idle.\n\nWhile reading sysctl_tcp_slow_start_after_idle, it can be changed\nconcurrently.  Thus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its readers.",
  "id": "GHSA-mcqj-rp7m-8p8v",
  "modified": "2025-03-10T21:31:10Z",
  "published": "2025-03-10T21:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e3f82a03ec8c3808e87283e12946227415706c9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/369d99c2b89f54473adcf9acdf40ea562b5a6e0e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b26e11b07a09b31247688bec61e2925d4a571b6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41aeba4506f6b70ec7500c6fe202731a4ba29fe5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4845b5713ab18a1bb6e31d1fbb4d600240b8b691"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68b6f9506747d507c7bfa374d178929b4157e8c6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MCRF-5V46-5PQH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:15 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:15
VLAI
Details

In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a race condition in a Camera driver can lead to a Use After Free condition.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-9703"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-05T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a race condition in a Camera driver can lead to a Use After Free condition.",
  "id": "GHSA-mcrf-5v46-5pqh",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:15:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:15:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9703"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2017-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MCVX-HVV7-4Q3H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:31
VLAI
Details

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows App Store allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42900"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:16:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows App Store allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-mcvx-hvv7-4q3h",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:31:58Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:31:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42900"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF3W-JJG3-F84M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-28 00:00
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.11.7. usbip_sockfd_store in drivers/usb/usbip/stub_dev.c allows attackers to cause a denial of service (GPF) because the stub-up sequence has race conditions during an update of the local and shared status, aka CID-9380afd6df70.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29265"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-26T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.11.7. usbip_sockfd_store in drivers/usb/usbip/stub_dev.c allows attackers to cause a denial of service (GPF) because the stub-up sequence has race conditions during an update of the local and shared status, aka CID-9380afd6df70.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf3w-jjg3-f84m",
  "modified": "2022-05-28T00:00:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:45:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29265"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/ChangeLog-5.11.7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=9380afd6df70e24eacbdbde33afc6a3950965d22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00020.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
  • Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Implementation

When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.