CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
3627 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CQPW-MC9F-6GF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9990"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-cqpw-mc9f-6gf5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211289"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQWH-R98H-2279
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-01 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ocfs2: fix possible deadlock between unlink and dio_end_io_write
ocfs2_unlink takes orphan dir inode_lock first and then ip_alloc_sem, while in ocfs2_dio_end_io_write, it acquires these locks in reverse order. This creates an ABBA lock ordering violation on lock classes ocfs2_sysfile_lock_key[ORPHAN_DIR_SYSTEM_INODE] and ocfs2_file_ip_alloc_sem_key.
Lock Chain #0 (orphan dir inode_lock -> ip_alloc_sem): ocfs2_unlink ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir ocfs2_lookup_lock_orphan_dir inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) <- lock A __ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir ocfs2_prepare_dir_for_insert ocfs2_extend_dir ocfs2_expand_inline_dir down_write(&oi->ip_alloc_sem) <- Lock B
Lock Chain #1 (ip_alloc_sem -> orphan dir inode_lock): ocfs2_dio_end_io_write down_write(&oi->ip_alloc_sem) <- Lock B ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan() inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) <- Lock A
Deadlock Scenario: CPU0 (unlink) CPU1 (dio_end_io_write) ------ ------ inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) down_write(ip_alloc_sem) down_write(ip_alloc_sem) inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode)
Since ip_alloc_sem is to protect allocation changes, which is unrelated with operations in ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan. So move ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan out of ip_alloc_sem to fix the deadlock.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31598"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-667"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T15:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocfs2: fix possible deadlock between unlink and dio_end_io_write\n\nocfs2_unlink takes orphan dir inode_lock first and then ip_alloc_sem,\nwhile in ocfs2_dio_end_io_write, it acquires these locks in reverse order.\nThis creates an ABBA lock ordering violation on lock classes\nocfs2_sysfile_lock_key[ORPHAN_DIR_SYSTEM_INODE] and\nocfs2_file_ip_alloc_sem_key.\n\nLock Chain #0 (orphan dir inode_lock -\u003e ip_alloc_sem):\nocfs2_unlink\n ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir\n ocfs2_lookup_lock_orphan_dir\n inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) \u003c- lock A\n __ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir\n ocfs2_prepare_dir_for_insert\n ocfs2_extend_dir\n\t ocfs2_expand_inline_dir\n\t down_write(\u0026oi-\u003eip_alloc_sem) \u003c- Lock B\n\nLock Chain #1 (ip_alloc_sem -\u003e orphan dir inode_lock):\nocfs2_dio_end_io_write\n down_write(\u0026oi-\u003eip_alloc_sem) \u003c- Lock B\n ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan()\n inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) \u003c- Lock A\n\nDeadlock Scenario:\n CPU0 (unlink) CPU1 (dio_end_io_write)\n ------ ------\n inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode)\n down_write(ip_alloc_sem)\n down_write(ip_alloc_sem)\n inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode)\n\nSince ip_alloc_sem is to protect allocation changes, which is unrelated\nwith operations in ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan. So move\nocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan out of ip_alloc_sem to fix the deadlock.",
"id": "GHSA-cqwh-r98h-2279",
"modified": "2026-06-01T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T15:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/297d8d7bb6a2bf133d3a3636edbdf94101cbd719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b884d52273c60c298bd570163e8053657bbaff6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32630dee18c6bb2175c8a865a474749492eaf19c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b80b5a838a32437f2cae0662578bac216a2c51a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93f35419eb84d58820040642cb6e7528fe4aba7a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b02da26a992db0c0e2559acbda0fc48d4a2fd337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc0fb5c7d54c78be43a536df0e20dee32adb27d3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e049f7a9bd80b7319590789ea5e1c523d6339d91"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9fb1a7b635849322e1d7b7b6b26389778ec8e82"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CR4C-368C-2FC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:37Xen 4.7.x and earlier does not properly honor CR0.TS and CR0.EM, which allows local x86 HVM guest OS users to read or modify FPU, MMX, or XMM register state information belonging to arbitrary tasks on the guest by modifying an instruction while the hypervisor is preparing to emulate it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7777"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-07T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Xen 4.7.x and earlier does not properly honor CR0.TS and CR0.EM, which allows local x86 HVM guest OS users to read or modify FPU, MMX, or XMM register state information belonging to arbitrary tasks on the guest by modifying an instruction while the hypervisor is preparing to emulate it.",
"id": "GHSA-cr4c-368c-2fc2",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:37:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:37:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7777"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201611-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX217363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-190.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CR4X-C6Q2-VC47
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:11 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:11Race condition on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA) devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or device reload) by establishing multiple connections, leading to improper handling of hash lookups for secondary flows, aka Bug IDs CSCue31622 and CSCuc71272.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-5415"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-04-16T14:04:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Race condition on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA) devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or device reload) by establishing multiple connections, leading to improper handling of hash lookups for secondary flows, aka Bug IDs CSCue31622 and CSCuc71272.",
"id": "GHSA-cr4x-c6q2-vc47",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:11:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:11:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2012-5415"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CR6C-QXFQ-MF7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-19 12:00A vulnerability was found in Linux Kernel and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function hugetlb_no_page of the file mm/hugetlb.c. The manipulation leads to race condition. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-211019.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3522"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-16T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Linux Kernel and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function hugetlb_no_page of the file mm/hugetlb.c. The manipulation leads to race condition. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-211019.",
"id": "GHSA-cr6c-qxfq-mf7q",
"modified": "2022-10-19T12:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-10-16T12:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=f9bf6c03eca1077cae8de0e6d86427656fa42a9b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.211019"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CR83-C6WF-X27W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:24 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33** DISPUTED ** Race condition in Sophos Endpoint Security and Control 9.0.5 on Windows XP allows local users to bypass kernel-mode hook handlers, and execute dangerous code that would otherwise be blocked by a handler but not blocked by signature-based malware detection, via certain user-space memory changes during hook-handler execution, aka an argument-switch attack or a KHOBE attack. NOTE: the vendor disputes this issue because it is a flaw in a protection mechanism for situations where a crafted program has already begun to execute.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-5177"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-08-25T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** Race condition in Sophos Endpoint Security and Control 9.0.5 on Windows XP allows local users to bypass kernel-mode hook handlers, and execute dangerous code that would otherwise be blocked by a handler but not blocked by signature-based malware detection, via certain user-space memory changes during hook-handler execution, aka an argument-switch attack or a KHOBE attack. NOTE: the vendor disputes this issue because it is a flaw in a protection mechanism for situations where a crafted program has already begun to execute.",
"id": "GHSA-cr83-c6wf-x27w",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:24:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-5177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2010-05/0026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-05/0066.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://countermeasures.trendmicro.eu/you-just-cant-trust-a-drunk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://matousec.com/info/advisories/khobe-8.0-earthquake-for-windows-desktop-security-software.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://matousec.com/info/articles/khobe-8.0-earthquake-for-windows-desktop-security-software.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2010/05/11/khobe-vulnerability-earth-shaker"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2010/05/11/khobe-vulnerability-game-security-software"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00001949.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/67660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/39924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/07/argument_switch_av_bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CR87-44Q5-4XM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:33 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:33Use after free in Windows Storage allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-69935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T19:19:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in Windows Storage allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cr87-44q5-4xm7",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:33:54Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:33:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-69935"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRF6-G3FX-2975
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:26Race condition in Google Chrome before 15.0.874.102 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to worker process initialization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-3878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-10-25T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Race condition in Google Chrome before 15.0.874.102 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to worker process initialization.",
"id": "GHSA-crf6-g3fx-2975",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:26:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:26:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-3878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/70956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A12811"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=94487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2011/10/chrome-stable-release.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CRJ5-HVMF-X76C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-30 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Ventura 13.7.7. An app may be able to break out of its sandbox.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43275"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-30T00:15:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Ventura 13.7.7. An app may be able to break out of its sandbox.",
"id": "GHSA-crj5-hvmf-x76c",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:17Z",
"published": "2025-07-30T00:32:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/34"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRVR-HHMX-9HP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-30 12:35 – Updated: 2026-09-30 12:35Affected products do not properly synchronize access to their monitoring functionality. When multiple clients send concurrent requests, this may lead to incorrect reads or writes, or to corruption of internal memory structures. An authenticated remote attacker with monitoring access can exploit this issue to cause incorrect data processing or a denial-of-service condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-79625"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-30T10:17:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Affected products do not properly synchronize access to their monitoring functionality. When multiple clients send concurrent requests, this may lead to incorrect reads or writes, or to corruption of internal memory structures. An authenticated remote attacker with monitoring access can exploit this issue to cause incorrect data processing or a denial-of-service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-crvr-hhmx-9hp6",
"modified": "2026-09-30T12:35:15Z",
"published": "2026-09-30T12:35:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-097"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.