CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
2921 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HW4G-FHCP-X5MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:47 – Updated: 2024-10-21 20:26Race condition in the FTPHandler class in ftpserver.py in pyftpdlib before 0.5.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon outage) by establishing and then immediately closing a TCP connection, leading to the accept function having an unexpected value of None for the address, or an ECONNABORTED, EAGAIN, or EWOULDBLOCK error, a related issue to CVE-2010-3492.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pyftpdlib"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-3494"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-08T18:48:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2010-10-19T20:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Race condition in the FTPHandler class in ftpserver.py in pyftpdlib before 0.5.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon outage) by establishing and then immediately closing a TCP connection, leading to the accept function having an unexpected value of None for the address, or an ECONNABORTED, EAGAIN, or EWOULDBLOCK error, a related issue to CVE-2010-3492.",
"id": "GHSA-hw4g-fhcp-x5mq",
"modified": "2024-10-21T20:26:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:47:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-3494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/zodb/+bug/135108"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hw4g-fhcp-x5mq"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/giampaolo/pyftpdlib"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/pyftpdlib/PYSEC-2010-11.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugs.python.org/issue6706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/issues/detail?id=104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/issues/detail?id=105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/source/browse/trunk/HISTORY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/source/detail?r=556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/source/diff?spec=svn556\u0026r=556\u0026format=side\u0026path=/trunk/pyftpdlib/ftpserver.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2010/09/09/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2010/09/11/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2010/09/22/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2010/09/24/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization in pyftpdlib"
}
GHSA-HW78-2CW4-QG94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-23 00:03Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco IOx application hosting environment on multiple Cisco platforms could allow an attacker to inject arbitrary commands into the underlying host operating system, execute arbitrary code on the underlying host operating system, install applications without being authenticated, or conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the affected software. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20724"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-15T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco IOx application hosting environment on multiple Cisco platforms could allow an attacker to inject arbitrary commands into the underlying host operating system, execute arbitrary code on the underlying host operating system, install applications without being authenticated, or conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the affected software. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-hw78-2cw4-qg94",
"modified": "2022-04-23T00:03:20Z",
"published": "2022-04-16T00:00:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orangecertcc/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-xr7h-wjgg-h3rp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-iox-yuXQ6hFj"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWWM-4FW6-6GPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:03 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:43Cryptographic timing conditions in the subsystem for Intel(R) PTT before versions 11.8.70, 11.11.70, 11.22.70, 12.0.45, 13.0.0 and 14.0.10; Intel(R) TXE 3.1.70 and 4.0.20; Intel(R) SPS before versions SPS_E5_04.01.04.305.0, SPS_SoC-X_04.00.04.108.0, SPS_SoC-A_04.00.04.191.0, SPS_E3_04.01.04.086.0, SPS_E3_04.08.04.047.0 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11090"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-18T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cryptographic timing conditions in the subsystem for Intel(R) PTT before versions 11.8.70, 11.11.70, 11.22.70, 12.0.45, 13.0.0 and 14.0.10; Intel(R) TXE 3.1.70 and 4.0.20; Intel(R) SPS before versions SPS_E5_04.01.04.305.0, SPS_SoC-X_04.00.04.108.0, SPS_SoC-A_04.00.04.191.0, SPS_E3_04.01.04.086.0, SPS_E3_04.08.04.047.0 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-hwwm-4fw6-6gpf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:43:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:03:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00241.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX26-6XWX-9MC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30A race condition was addressed with improved locking. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:19:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A race condition was addressed with improved locking. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.",
"id": "GHSA-hx26-6xwx-9mc7",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:43Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Oct/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX3F-67QP-M43R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-11 00:32Race in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 144.0.7559.99 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit type confusion via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T20:16:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Race in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 144.0.7559.99 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit type confusion via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-hx3f-67qp-m43r",
"modified": "2026-06-11T00:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-06-10T21:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_20.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/473851441"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX7V-466Q-33QJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:12It was found that the net_dma code in tcp_recvmsg() in the 2.6.32 kernel as shipped in RHEL6 is thread-unsafe. So an unprivileged multi-threaded userspace application calling recvmsg() for the same network socket in parallel executed on ioatdma-enabled hardware with net_dma enabled can leak the memory, crash the host leading to a denial-of-service or cause a random memory corruption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-11T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "It was found that the net_dma code in tcp_recvmsg() in the 2.6.32 kernel as shipped in RHEL6 is thread-unsafe. So an unprivileged multi-threaded userspace application calling recvmsg() for the same network socket in parallel executed on ioatdma-enabled hardware with net_dma enabled can leak the memory, crash the host leading to a denial-of-service or cause a random memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-hx7v-466q-33qj",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:12:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:12:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3837"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX83-MQ38-JP75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-14 00:30 – Updated: 2025-03-14 00:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
perf/core: Fix data race between perf_event_set_output() and perf_mmap_close()
Yang Jihing reported a race between perf_event_set_output() and perf_mmap_close():
CPU1 CPU2
perf_mmap_close(e2)
if (atomic_dec_and_test(&e2->rb->mmap_count)) // 1 - > 0
detach_rest = true
ioctl(e1, IOC_SET_OUTPUT, e2)
perf_event_set_output(e1, e2)
...
list_for_each_entry_rcu(e, &e2->rb->event_list, rb_entry)
ring_buffer_attach(e, NULL);
// e1 isn't yet added and
// therefore not detached
ring_buffer_attach(e1, e2->rb)
list_add_rcu(&e1->rb_entry,
&e2->rb->event_list)
After this; e1 is attached to an unmapped rb and a subsequent perf_mmap() will loop forever more:
again:
mutex_lock(&e->mmap_mutex);
if (event->rb) {
...
if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&e->rb->mmap_count)) {
...
mutex_unlock(&e->mmap_mutex);
goto again;
}
}
The loop in perf_mmap_close() holds e2->mmap_mutex, while the attach in perf_event_set_output() holds e1->mmap_mutex. As such there is no serialization to avoid this race.
Change perf_event_set_output() to take both e1->mmap_mutex and e2->mmap_mutex to alleviate that problem. Additionally, have the loop in perf_mmap() detach the rb directly, this avoids having to wait for the concurrent perf_mmap_close() to get around to doing it to make progress.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-49607"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nperf/core: Fix data race between perf_event_set_output() and perf_mmap_close()\n\nYang Jihing reported a race between perf_event_set_output() and\nperf_mmap_close():\n\n\tCPU1\t\t\t\t\tCPU2\n\n\tperf_mmap_close(e2)\n\t if (atomic_dec_and_test(\u0026e2-\u003erb-\u003emmap_count)) // 1 - \u003e 0\n\t detach_rest = true\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tioctl(e1, IOC_SET_OUTPUT, e2)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t perf_event_set_output(e1, e2)\n\n\t ...\n\t list_for_each_entry_rcu(e, \u0026e2-\u003erb-\u003eevent_list, rb_entry)\n\t ring_buffer_attach(e, NULL);\n\t // e1 isn\u0027t yet added and\n\t // therefore not detached\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t ring_buffer_attach(e1, e2-\u003erb)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t list_add_rcu(\u0026e1-\u003erb_entry,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \u0026e2-\u003erb-\u003eevent_list)\n\nAfter this; e1 is attached to an unmapped rb and a subsequent\nperf_mmap() will loop forever more:\n\n\tagain:\n\t\tmutex_lock(\u0026e-\u003emmap_mutex);\n\t\tif (event-\u003erb) {\n\t\t\t...\n\t\t\tif (!atomic_inc_not_zero(\u0026e-\u003erb-\u003emmap_count)) {\n\t\t\t\t...\n\t\t\t\tmutex_unlock(\u0026e-\u003emmap_mutex);\n\t\t\t\tgoto again;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\nThe loop in perf_mmap_close() holds e2-\u003emmap_mutex, while the attach\nin perf_event_set_output() holds e1-\u003emmap_mutex. As such there is no\nserialization to avoid this race.\n\nChange perf_event_set_output() to take both e1-\u003emmap_mutex and\ne2-\u003emmap_mutex to alleviate that problem. Additionally, have the loop\nin perf_mmap() detach the rb directly, this avoids having to wait for\nthe concurrent perf_mmap_close() to get around to doing it to make\nprogress.",
"id": "GHSA-hx83-mq38-jp75",
"modified": "2025-03-14T00:30:52Z",
"published": "2025-03-14T00:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49607"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17f5417194136517ee9bbd6511249e5310e5617c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bbd868099287ff9027db59029b502fcfa2202a0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43128b3eee337824158f34da6648163d2f2fb937"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68e3c69803dada336893640110cb87221bb01dcf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98c3c8fd0d4c560e0f8335b79c407bbf7fc9462c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9391ff7a7c5f113d6f2bf6621d49110950de49c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da3c256e2d0ebc87c7db0c605c9692b6f1722074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f836f9ac95df15f1e0af4beb0ec20021e8c91998"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX94-4G78-82RR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:24 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33** DISPUTED ** Race condition in DefenseWall Personal Firewall 3.00 on Windows XP allows local users to bypass kernel-mode hook handlers, and execute dangerous code that would otherwise be blocked by a handler but not blocked by signature-based malware detection, via certain user-space memory changes during hook-handler execution, aka an argument-switch attack or a KHOBE attack. NOTE: this issue is disputed by some third parties because it is a flaw in a protection mechanism for situations where a crafted program has already begun to execute.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-5158"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-08-25T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** Race condition in DefenseWall Personal Firewall 3.00 on Windows XP allows local users to bypass kernel-mode hook handlers, and execute dangerous code that would otherwise be blocked by a handler but not blocked by signature-based malware detection, via certain user-space memory changes during hook-handler execution, aka an argument-switch attack or a KHOBE attack. NOTE: this issue is disputed by some third parties because it is a flaw in a protection mechanism for situations where a crafted program has already begun to execute.",
"id": "GHSA-hx94-4g78-82rr",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:24:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-5158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2010-05/0026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-05/0066.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://countermeasures.trendmicro.eu/you-just-cant-trust-a-drunk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://matousec.com/info/advisories/khobe-8.0-earthquake-for-windows-desktop-security-software.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://matousec.com/info/articles/khobe-8.0-earthquake-for-windows-desktop-security-software.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00001949.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/67660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/39924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/07/argument_switch_av_bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HXC6-W4HR-C74R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 09:31 – Updated: 2025-12-16 09:31The Fancy Product Designer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 6.4.8. This is due to a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the 'url' parameter of the fpd_custom_uplod_file AJAX action. The plugin validates the URL by calling getimagesize() first, then later retrieves the same URL using file_get_contents(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to exploit the timing gap to perform SSRF attacks by serving a valid image during validation, then changing the response to redirect to arbitrary internal or external URLs during the actual fetch.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T09:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Fancy Product Designer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 6.4.8. This is due to a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the \u0027url\u0027 parameter of the fpd_custom_uplod_file AJAX action. The plugin validates the URL by calling getimagesize() first, then later retrieves the same URL using file_get_contents(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to exploit the timing gap to perform SSRF attacks by serving a valid image during validation, then changing the response to redirect to arbitrary internal or external URLs during the actual fetch.",
"id": "GHSA-hxc6-w4hr-c74r",
"modified": "2025-12-16T09:31:07Z",
"published": "2025-12-16T09:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.fancyproductdesigner.com/support/discussions/topics/13000036024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c56ec6ae-5b75-4cbb-aedd-f318fddc7bf0?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HXFM-48CX-MPM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-09 18:31Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55223"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T17:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-hxfm-48cx-mpm6",
"modified": "2025-09-09T18:31:23Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55223"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.