CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
3591 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7P73-RPM9-RWR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 18:32 – Updated: 2024-08-14 18:32The Object Request Broker (ORB) in IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 7.1.0.0 through 7.1.5.18 and 8.0.0.0 through 8.0.8.26 is vulnerable to remote denial of service, caused by a race condition in the management of ORB listener threads. IBM X-Force ID: 284573.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27267"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-300",
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T16:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Object Request Broker (ORB) in IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 7.1.0.0 through 7.1.5.18 and 8.0.0.0 through 8.0.8.26 is vulnerable to remote denial of service, caused by a race condition in the management of ORB listener threads. IBM X-Force ID: 284573.",
"id": "GHSA-7p73-rpm9-rwr6",
"modified": "2024-08-14T18:32:41Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T18:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/284573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7165421"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PCQ-MHVW-4MGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:32Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36776"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T18:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-7pcq-mhvw-4mgv",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:32:21Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-36776"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PHV-9JP9-84FQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows SSDP Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T18:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows SSDP Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-7phv-9jp9-84fq",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:40Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32083"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PM6-874P-WG6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:35In swpm, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a race condition. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07780926; Issue ID: ALPS07780928.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20750"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T13:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In swpm, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a race condition. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07780926; Issue ID: ALPS07780928.",
"id": "GHSA-7pm6-874p-wg6j",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:35:47Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/June-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PRJ-H6R4-GH9J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: ufs: core: Fix racing issue between ufshcd_mcq_abort() and ISR
If command timeout happens and cq complete IRQ is raised at the same time, ufshcd_mcq_abort clears lprb->cmd and a NULL pointer deref happens in the ISR. Error log:
ufshcd_abort: Device abort task at tag 18 Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000108 pc : [0xffffffe27ef867ac] scsi_dma_unmap+0xc/0x44 lr : [0xffffffe27f1b898c] ufshcd_release_scsi_cmd+0x24/0x114
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52785"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T16:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: ufs: core: Fix racing issue between ufshcd_mcq_abort() and ISR\n\nIf command timeout happens and cq complete IRQ is raised at the same time,\nufshcd_mcq_abort clears lprb-\u003ecmd and a NULL pointer deref happens in the\nISR. Error log:\n\nufshcd_abort: Device abort task at tag 18\nUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address\n0000000000000108\npc : [0xffffffe27ef867ac] scsi_dma_unmap+0xc/0x44\nlr : [0xffffffe27f1b898c] ufshcd_release_scsi_cmd+0x24/0x114",
"id": "GHSA-7prj-h6r4-gh9j",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:31:50Z",
"published": "2024-05-21T18:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27900d7119c464b43cd9eac69c85884d17bae240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f15a7e3c054d960bbd1521110700450bbf798a1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f84d461f33a6b27304d468d9cfb56c0cefdb4ee7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PWR-CFRC-PX4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-18 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:31A race condition flaw was found in sssd where the GPO policy is not consistently applied for authenticated users. This may lead to improper authorization issues, granting or denying access to resources inappropriately.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3758"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-18T19:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A race condition flaw was found in sssd where the GPO policy is not consistently applied for authenticated users. This may lead to improper authorization issues, granting or denying access to resources inappropriately.",
"id": "GHSA-7pwr-cfrc-px4f",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:31:03Z",
"published": "2024-04-18T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SSSD/sssd/pull/7302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2223762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/02/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RV3HIZI3SURBUQKSOOL3XE64OOBQ2HTK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XEP62IDS7A55D5UHM6GH7QZ7SQFOAPVF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XMORAO2BDDA5YX4ZLMXDZ7SM6KU47SY5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PWV-3VV8-2R9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:31Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows DNS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62820"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:18:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows DNS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-7pwv-3vv8-2r9v",
"modified": "2026-08-11T18:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T18:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-62820"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q38-P97R-JP68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-16 00:00Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24482.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24482.",
"id": "GHSA-7q38-p97r-jp68",
"modified": "2022-04-16T00:00:36Z",
"published": "2022-04-16T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-24540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-24540"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q3M-X568-MPCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 09:31 – Updated: 2026-08-27 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: fix sk_dst_cache double-free in xfrm_user_policy()
xfrm_user_policy() clears the socket dst cache with __sk_dst_reset(), i.e. the non-atomic __sk_dst_set(sk, NULL): it reads sk_dst_cache with rcu_dereference_protected(), stores NULL and dst_release()s the old dst. That is only safe if no other thread modifies sk_dst_cache concurrently.
For a connected UDP socket that does not hold: the transmit fast path (udp_sendmsg -> sk_dst_check -> sk_dst_reset) resets the cache locklessly with an atomic xchg(). A per-socket policy change racing a send can make both sides observe the same old dst and each dst_release() it, dropping the socket's single reference twice and freeing the xfrm_dst bundle while it is still referenced:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in dst_release Write of size 4 at addr ffff88801897b6c0 by task exploit/155 Call Trace: ... dst_release (... ./include/linux/rcuref.h:109) xfrm_user_policy (./include/net/sock.h:2239 ./include/net/sock.h:2256 net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c:3053) do_ip_setsockopt (net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c:1347) ip_setsockopt (net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c:1417) do_sock_setsockopt (net/socket.c:2368) __sys_setsockopt (net/socket.c:2393) __x64_sys_setsockopt (net/socket.c:2396) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)
Reachable by an unprivileged user via a user+network namespace.
Use the atomic sk_dst_reset() so the cache is cleared and released with a single xchg(): whichever side wins releases the dst once, the other sees NULL and does nothing. Behaviour is otherwise unchanged.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T08:16:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: fix sk_dst_cache double-free in xfrm_user_policy()\n\nxfrm_user_policy() clears the socket dst cache with __sk_dst_reset(),\ni.e. the non-atomic __sk_dst_set(sk, NULL): it reads sk_dst_cache with\nrcu_dereference_protected(), stores NULL and dst_release()s the old dst.\nThat is only safe if no other thread modifies sk_dst_cache concurrently.\n\nFor a connected UDP socket that does not hold: the transmit fast path\n(udp_sendmsg -\u003e sk_dst_check -\u003e sk_dst_reset) resets the cache locklessly\nwith an atomic xchg(). A per-socket policy change racing a send can make\nboth sides observe the same old dst and each dst_release() it, dropping\nthe socket\u0027s single reference twice and freeing the xfrm_dst bundle while\nit is still referenced:\n\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in dst_release\n Write of size 4 at addr ffff88801897b6c0 by task exploit/155\n Call Trace:\n ...\n dst_release (... ./include/linux/rcuref.h:109)\n xfrm_user_policy (./include/net/sock.h:2239 ./include/net/sock.h:2256 net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c:3053)\n do_ip_setsockopt (net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c:1347)\n ip_setsockopt (net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c:1417)\n do_sock_setsockopt (net/socket.c:2368)\n __sys_setsockopt (net/socket.c:2393)\n __x64_sys_setsockopt (net/socket.c:2396)\n do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94)\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)\n\nReachable by an unprivileged user via a user+network namespace.\n\nUse the atomic sk_dst_reset() so the cache is cleared and released with a\nsingle xchg(): whichever side wins releases the dst once, the other sees\nNULL and does nothing. Behaviour is otherwise unchanged.",
"id": "GHSA-7q3m-x568-mpcp",
"modified": "2026-08-27T15:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-08-05T09:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ea8f06454012d9e7f9c6e6253df710949bf6294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8dd8929b71c4f06c614f8f54c2cc070453faae16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/96b678d08268b5f5c6fc99d4289d9b7e334fc683"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9340ebdc13f8bb5063c0bc0b037ee7e640d4ae9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c283e9ada7fcb7dd4b10592623086b2e6d2f9925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8686fd8d18b99f3a9038683045b2f2338a7706d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0ab9a71167bae308e05ab13b65e2007504a603f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f833821e4b52ab6335d443ede5fb79c38e61d19a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q43-7J7F-G59M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-18 15:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
firewire: core: fix race condition against transaction list
The list of transaction is enumerated without acquiring card lock when processing AR response event. This causes a race condition bug when processing AT request completion event concurrently.
This commit fixes the bug by put timer start for split transaction expiration into the scope of lock. The value of jiffies in card structure is referred before acquiring the lock.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-14T16:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfirewire: core: fix race condition against transaction list\n\nThe list of transaction is enumerated without acquiring card lock when\nprocessing AR response event. This causes a race condition bug when\nprocessing AT request completion event concurrently.\n\nThis commit fixes the bug by put timer start for split transaction\nexpiration into the scope of lock. The value of jiffies in card structure\nis referred before acquiring the lock.",
"id": "GHSA-7q43-7j7f-g59m",
"modified": "2026-03-18T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2026-02-14T18:30:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20e01bba2ae4898ce65cdcacd1bd6bec5111abd9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b038874e31fc3caa0b0d5abd259dd54b918ad4a1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.