Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-362

Allowed-with-Review

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

2925 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-7GV3-H552-264C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:13 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:13
VLAI
Details

Cisco Application Control Engine (ACE) before A4(2.3) and A5 before A5(1.1), when multicontext mode is enabled, does not properly share a management IP address among multiple contexts, which allows remote authenticated administrators to bypass intended access restrictions in opportunistic circumstances, and read or modify configuration settings, via a login attempt to a context, aka Bug ID CSCts30631, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-3058.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-3063"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-06-20T20:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cisco Application Control Engine (ACE) before A4(2.3) and A5 before A5(1.1), when multicontext mode is enabled, does not properly share a management IP address among multiple contexts, which allows remote authenticated administrators to bypass intended access restrictions in opportunistic circumstances, and read or modify configuration settings, via a login attempt to a context, aka Bug ID CSCts30631, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-3058.",
  "id": "GHSA-7gv3-h552-264c",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T05:13:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:13:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-3063"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20120620-ace"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027188"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-7GX2-37RW-XC9H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-12 00:31 – Updated: 2025-03-12 00:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

icmp: Fix a data-race around sysctl_icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr.

While reading sysctl_icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr, it can be changed concurrently. Thus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its reader.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-49632"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nicmp: Fix a data-race around sysctl_icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr.\n\nWhile reading sysctl_icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr, it can be changed\nconcurrently.  Thus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its reader.",
  "id": "GHSA-7gx2-37rw-xc9h",
  "modified": "2025-03-12T00:31:47Z",
  "published": "2025-03-12T00:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49632"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2efabce81db7eed1c98fa1a3f203f0edd738ac3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de9490c32bc10020efdd1509689a28f197d6dfb8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9617844e4d5d6331dbce3fb19a24e5bda201e58"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7H6F-RH5X-HW2P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-13 18:31
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Windows Clipboard Server allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20844"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T18:16:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Windows Clipboard Server allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-7h6f-rh5x-hw2p",
  "modified": "2026-01-13T18:31:09Z",
  "published": "2026-01-13T18:31:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20844"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-20844"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7H8M-VRXX-VR4M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-08 17:52 – Updated: 2023-11-09 16:14
VLAI
Summary
ZITADEL race condition in lockout policy execution
Details

Impact

ZITADEL provides administrators the possibility to define a Lockout Policy with a maximum amount of failed password check attempts. On every failed password check, the amount of failed checks is compared against the configured maximum. Exceeding the limit, will lock the user and prevent further authentication.

In the affected implementation it was possible for an attacker to start multiple parallel password checks, giving him the possibility to try out more combinations than configured in the Lockout Policy.

Patches

2.x versions are fixed on >= 2.40.5 2.38.x versions are fixed on >= 2.38.3

Workarounds

There is no workaround since a patch is already available.

References

None

Questions

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security@zitadel.com

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.39.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.40.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.38.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-47111"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-08T17:52:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-08T22:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nZITADEL provides administrators the possibility to define a `Lockout Policy` with a maximum amount of failed password check attempts. On every failed password check, the amount of failed checks is compared against the configured maximum.\nExceeding the limit, will lock the user and prevent further authentication.\n\nIn the affected implementation it was possible for an attacker to start multiple parallel password checks, giving him the possibility to try out more combinations than configured in the `Lockout Policy`.\n\n### Patches\n\n2.x versions are fixed on \u003e= [2.40.5](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.40.5)\n2.38.x versions are fixed on \u003e= [2.38.3](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.38.3)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround since a patch is already available.\n\n### References\n\nNone\n\n### Questions\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-7h8m-vrxx-vr4m",
  "modified": "2023-11-09T16:14:18Z",
  "published": "2023-11-08T17:52:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-7h8m-vrxx-vr4m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47111"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/22e2d5599918864877e054ebe82fb834a5aa1077"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.38.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.40.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ZITADEL race condition in lockout policy execution"
}

GHSA-7H9Q-985F-8XVM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06
VLAI
Details

Signatures are written to disk before and read during verification, which might be subject to a race condition when a malicious local process or user is replacing the file. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 78.10.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29948"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-24T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Signatures are written to disk before and read during verification, which might be subject to a race condition when a malicious local process or user is replacing the file. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 78.10.",
  "id": "GHSA-7h9q-985f-8xvm",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:06:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29948"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1692899"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-14"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-7HHR-MG24-43FP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Media allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-50379"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:17:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows Media allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-7hhr-mg24-43fp",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:19Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:32:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50379"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50379"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7HQH-XCCF-8JP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:40
VLAI
Details

nbd_add_socket in drivers/block/nbd.c in the Linux kernel through 5.10.12 has an ndb_queue_rq use-after-free that could be triggered by local attackers (with access to the nbd device) via an I/O request at a certain point during device setup, aka CID-b98e762e3d71.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3348"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-01T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "nbd_add_socket in drivers/block/nbd.c in the Linux kernel through 5.10.12 has an ndb_queue_rq use-after-free that could be triggered by local attackers (with access to the nbd device) via an I/O request at a certain point during device setup, aka CID-b98e762e3d71.",
  "id": "GHSA-7hqh-xccf-8jp4",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:40:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:40:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3348"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=b98e762e3d71e893b221f871825dc64694cfb258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00035.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/28/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/01/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7HWM-34CH-HPVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26168"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T18:16:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-7hwm-34ch-hpvc",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-04-14T18:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26168"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-26168"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7J6C-JRH9-MVQM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22
VLAI
Details

In PolicyKit (aka polkit) 0.115, the "start time" protection mechanism can be bypassed because fork() is not atomic, and therefore authorization decisions are improperly cached. This is related to lack of uid checking in polkitbackend/polkitbackendinteractiveauthority.c.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-6133"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-01-11T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In PolicyKit (aka polkit) 0.115, the \"start time\" protection mechanism can be bypassed because fork() is not atomic, and therefore authorization decisions are improperly cached. This is related to lack of uid checking in polkitbackend/polkitbackendinteractiveauthority.c.",
  "id": "GHSA-7j6c-jrh9-mvqm",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:22:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6133"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3934-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3934-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3910-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3910-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3908-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3908-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3903-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3903-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3901-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3901-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K22715344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/05/msg00042.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/05/msg00041.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/01/msg00021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/polkit/polkit/merge_requests/19"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/polkit/polkit/commit/c898fdf4b1aafaa04f8ada9d73d77c8bb76e2f81"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/linus/7b55851367136b1efd84d98fea81ba57a98304cf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1692"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2978"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0832"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0420"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0230"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-08/msg00049.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106537"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7J6G-VW57-CFWM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:03 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:53
VLAI
Details

The layout engine in Mozilla Firefox before 4.0, Thunderbird before 3.3, and SeaMonkey before 2.1 executes different code for visited and unvisited links during the processing of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) token sequences, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive information about visited web pages via a timing attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-5074"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-12-07T19:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The layout engine in Mozilla Firefox before 4.0, Thunderbird before 3.3, and SeaMonkey before 2.1 executes different code for visited and unvisited links during the processing of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) token sequences, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive information about visited web pages via a timing attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-7j6g-vw57-cfwm",
  "modified": "2025-04-11T03:53:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:03:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-5074"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A14456"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://blog.mozilla.com/security/2010/03/31/plugging-the-css-history-leak"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
  • Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Implementation

When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.