CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14973 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PG23-R2W3-6GRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:57An issue was discovered in Microweber 1.0.7. There is a CSRF attack (against the admin user) that can add an administrative account via api/save_user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-16T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Microweber 1.0.7. There is a CSRF attack (against the admin user) that can add an administrative account via api/save_user.",
"id": "GHSA-pg23-r2w3-6grp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:57:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:57:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber/issues/483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber/issues/484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber/commit/982ea9d5efb7d2306a05644ebc3469dadb33767e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG2F-R7PC-6FXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-09-11 22:57 – Updated: 2024-09-16 13:44Multiple CSRF issues exist in MicroPyramid Django CRM 0.2.1 via /change-password-by-admin/, /api/settings/add/, /cases/create/, /change-password-by-admin/, /comment/add/, /documents/1/view/, /documents/create/, /opportunities/create/, and /login/.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "django-crm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-08-28T15:35:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-27T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple CSRF issues exist in MicroPyramid Django CRM 0.2.1 via /change-password-by-admin/, /api/settings/add/, /cases/create/, /change-password-by-admin/, /comment/add/, /documents/1/view/, /documents/create/, /opportunities/create/, and /login/.",
"id": "GHSA-pg2f-r7pc-6fxx",
"modified": "2024-09-16T13:44:56Z",
"published": "2019-09-11T22:57:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11457"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/MicroPyramid/Django-CRM"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-pg2f-r7pc-6fxx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django-crm/PYSEC-2019-174.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netsparker.com/blog/web-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154219/Django-CRM-0.2.1-Cross-Site-Request-Forgery.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Aug/30"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery in MicroPyramid Django CRM"
}
GHSA-PG2J-28WX-P6JW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-31 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:18The WooCommerce PDF Invoice Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery due to a missing nonce check on the SaveCustomField function in versions up to, and including, 1.2.90. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create invoice fields provided they can trick an admin into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4161"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-31T06:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WooCommerce PDF Invoice Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery due to a missing nonce check on the SaveCustomField function in versions up to, and including, 1.2.90. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create invoice fields provided they can trick an admin into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-pg2j-28wx-p6jw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:18:50Z",
"published": "2023-08-31T06:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-pdf-invoice-builder/trunk/woocommerce-pdf-invoice-ajax.php?rev=2935371#L654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2953379%40woo-pdf-invoice-builder%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2951617%40woo-pdf-invoice-builder%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3b7aac1c-6962-49cf-850f-ab7b1d220090?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG47-79WC-W499
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-12 15:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:35Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in YAS Global Team Permalinks Customizer plugin <= 2.8.2 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45103"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-12T15:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in YAS Global Team Permalinks Customizer plugin \u003c=\u00a02.8.2 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-pg47-79wc-w499",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:35:41Z",
"published": "2023-10-12T15:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/permalinks-customizer/wordpress-permalinks-customizer-plugin-2-8-2-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG4Q-24FV-XQMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:41 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:41The flickrRSS plugin 5.3.1 for WordPress has CSRF via wp-admin/options-general.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6467"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-06T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The flickrRSS plugin 5.3.1 for WordPress has CSRF via wp-admin/options-general.php.",
"id": "GHSA-pg4q-24fv-xqmp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:41:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:41:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AntsKnows/CVE/blob/master/WP_Plugin_Flickr-rss"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG6H-M56F-Q74P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-15 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-15 18:30A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco Expressway Series and Cisco TelePresence VCS could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack on an affected system.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protections for the web-based management interface of an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the REST API to follow a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected system to reload. Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20853"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-15T16:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco\u0026nbsp;Expressway Series and Cisco\u0026nbsp;TelePresence VCS could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack on an affected system.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protections for the web-based management interface of an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the REST API to follow a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected system to reload.\nCisco\u0026nbsp;has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.\u0026nbsp;",
"id": "GHSA-pg6h-m56f-q74p",
"modified": "2024-11-15T18:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-11-15T18:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-bw-thinrcpt-xss-gSj4CecU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-cssm-priv-esc-SEjz69dv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-expressway-csrf-sqpsSfY6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-wsa-prv-esc-8PdRU8t8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG6J-C3FC-2FVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in George Sexton WordPress Events Calendar Plugin – connectDaily allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This issue affects WordPress Events Calendar Plugin – connectDaily: from n/a through 1.4.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-09T17:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in George Sexton WordPress Events Calendar Plugin \u2013 connectDaily allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This issue affects WordPress Events Calendar Plugin \u2013 connectDaily: from n/a through 1.4.8.",
"id": "GHSA-pg6j-c3fc-2fvj",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:36Z",
"published": "2025-04-09T18:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/connect-daily-web-calendar/vulnerability/wordpress-wordpress-events-calendar-plugin-connectdaily-plugin-1-4-8-csrf-to-cross-site-scripting-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG7H-R4FR-RGWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:28Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the (1) Data Stewardship, (2) Business Admin, and (3) Product interfaces in IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management (MDM) Server 8.5 before 8.5.0.82, 9.0.1 before 9.0.1.38, 9.0.2 before 9.0.2.35, 10.0 before 10.0.0.0.26, and 10.1 before 10.1.0.0.15 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0873"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-03-16T14:06:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the (1) Data Stewardship, (2) Business Admin, and (3) Product interfaces in IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management (MDM) Server 8.5 before 8.5.0.82, 9.0.1 before 9.0.1.38, 9.0.2 before 9.0.2.35, 10.0 before 10.0.0.0.26, and 10.1 before 10.1.0.0.15 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.",
"id": "GHSA-pg7h-r4fr-rgwp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:28:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:28:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0873"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/90994"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21666462"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-PG97-JVMF-QFVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-16 15:45 – Updated: 2026-09-16 15:45Impact
The SSE client→server POST endpoints are @csrf_exempt and the SSE GET stream endpoint had no Origin check, so a cross-origin page could drive a victim-cookie-authenticated SSE session: force the victim's browser to GET the stream URL (which creates and mounts a LiveView as the victim) and POST to the message endpoint with credentials: include to fire state-changing event handlers as the victim. The URL session_id is client-chosen (validated only for UUID format), so it is not a CSRF token, and a JSON body sent as text/plain is a CORS simple request with no preflight.
Patches
Fixed in djust 1.0.7. All three SSE endpoints validate the request Origin against ALLOWED_HOSTS (mirroring the WebSocket CSWSH defense) and reject cross-origin requests with 403; the POST endpoints additionally require Content-Type: application/json (415 otherwise), closing the text/plain simple-request bypass.
Workarounds
Disable the SSE transport, or front it with a proxy that enforces an Origin allowlist.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "djust"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-16T15:45:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe SSE client\u2192server POST endpoints are `@csrf_exempt` and the SSE GET stream endpoint had no Origin check, so a cross-origin page could drive a victim-cookie-authenticated SSE session: force the victim\u0027s browser to GET the stream URL (which **creates and mounts** a LiveView as the victim) and POST to the message endpoint with `credentials: include` to **fire state-changing event handlers as the victim**. The URL `session_id` is client-chosen (validated only for UUID *format*), so it is not a CSRF token, and a JSON body sent as `text/plain` is a CORS *simple request* with no preflight.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in **djust 1.0.7**. All three SSE endpoints validate the request `Origin` against `ALLOWED_HOSTS` (mirroring the WebSocket CSWSH defense) and reject cross-origin requests with **403**; the POST endpoints additionally require `Content-Type: application/json` (**415** otherwise), closing the `text/plain` simple-request bypass.\n\n### Workarounds\nDisable the SSE transport, or front it with a proxy that enforces an Origin allowlist.",
"id": "GHSA-pg97-jvmf-qfvc",
"modified": "2026-09-16T15:45:03Z",
"published": "2026-09-16T15:45:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/djust-org/djust/security/advisories/GHSA-pg97-jvmf-qfvc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/djust-org/djust"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/djust-org/djust/releases/tag/v1.0.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "djust has Cross-Site Request Forgery on the Server-Sent-Events transport: a cross-origin page can drive a victim-authenticated SSE session"
}
GHSA-PGC6-6QW3-W7JH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-16 00:00A vulnerability was found in CoreHR Core Portal up to 27.0.7. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function. The manipulation leads to cross site request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 27.0.8 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25064"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in CoreHR Core Portal up to 27.0.7. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function. The manipulation leads to cross site request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 27.0.8 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-pgc6-6qw3-w7jh",
"modified": "2022-06-16T00:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-06-10T00:00:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25064"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.146832"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.