CWE-327
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product uses a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm or protocol.
960 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4VJ4-C65W-6944
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-27 00:01 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31The firmware on Moxa TN-5900 devices through 3.1 has a weak algorithm that allows an attacker to defeat an inspection mechanism for integrity protection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46559"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-26T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The firmware on Moxa TN-5900 devices through 3.1 has a weak algorithm that allows an attacker to defeat an inspection mechanism for integrity protection.",
"id": "GHSA-4vj4-c65w-6944",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2022-01-27T00:01:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/tn-5900-secure-routers-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4X25-PVHW-5224
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:44 – Updated: 2023-06-13 16:41An issue was discovered in the blake2 crate before 0.8.1 for Rust. The BLAKE2b and BLAKE2s algorithms, when used with HMAC, produce incorrect results because the block sizes are half of the required sizes.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "blake2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-16143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-19T21:22:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-09T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the blake2 crate before 0.8.1 for Rust. The BLAKE2b and BLAKE2s algorithms, when used with HMAC, produce incorrect results because the block sizes are half of the required sizes.",
"id": "GHSA-4x25-pvhw-5224",
"modified": "2023-06-13T16:41:15Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T20:44:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RustCrypto/MACs/issues/19"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/RustCrypto/hashes/tree/master/blake2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2019-0019.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Algorithms compute incorrect results in blake2"
}
GHSA-52JW-5X66-G53G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 09:34 – Updated: 2026-04-27 09:34A vulnerability was determined in code-projects Chat System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file update_user.php of the component MD5 Hash Handler. This manipulation of the argument Password causes use of weak hash. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7103"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T09:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in code-projects Chat System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file update_user.php of the component MD5 Hash Handler. This manipulation of the argument Password causes use of weak hash. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The attack\u0027s complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-52jw-5x66-g53g",
"modified": "2026-04-27T09:34:40Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T09:34:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/higordiego/84ae7f08f5c23debebf309de3920bda2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/800384"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359678"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359678/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-52PP-8P9H-45F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:09 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:09Information from SSL-encrypted sessions via PKCS #1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-1999-0007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "1998-06-26T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Information from SSL-encrypted sessions via PKCS #1.",
"id": "GHSA-52pp-8p9h-45f8",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:09:47Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:09:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-1999-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/1998/ms98-002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-52VW-82CP-QW7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-15 21:30Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm in SICK RFU62x firmware version < 2.21 allows a low-privileged remote attacker to decrypt the encrypted data if the user requested weak cipher suites to be used for encryption via the SSH interface. The patch and installation procedure for the firmware update is available from the responsible SICK customer contact person.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46832"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm in SICK RFU62x firmware version \u003c 2.21 allows a low-privileged remote attacker to decrypt the encrypted data if the user requested weak cipher suites to be used for encryption via the SSH interface. The patch and installation procedure for the firmware update is available from the responsible SICK customer contact person.",
"id": "GHSA-52vw-82cp-qw7c",
"modified": "2022-12-15T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5357-C2JX-V7QH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:31lepture Authlib before 1.3.1 has algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys. Unless an algorithm is specified in a jwt.decode call, HMAC verification is allowed with any asymmetric public key. (This is similar to CVE-2022-29217 and CVE-2024-33663.)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "authlib"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37568"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-327",
"CWE-347"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-10T15:59:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T19:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "lepture Authlib before 1.3.1 has algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys. Unless an algorithm is specified in a jwt.decode call, HMAC verification is allowed with any asymmetric public key. (This is similar to CVE-2022-29217 and CVE-2024-33663.)",
"id": "GHSA-5357-c2jx-v7qh",
"modified": "2025-11-03T18:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/authlib/issues/654"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/authlib"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/authlib/PYSEC-2024-52.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FHJI32SN4FNAUVNALVGOKWHNSQ6XS3M5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IZI7HYGN7VZAYFV6UV3SRLYF7QGERXIU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/algorithm-confusion-in-lepture-authlib-cve-2024-37568"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Authlib has algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys"
}
GHSA-5364-MPF2-Q7G8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-03 12:30 – Updated: 2024-03-03 12:30IBM MQ Operator 2.0.0 LTS, 2.0.18 LTS, 3.0.0 CD, 3.0.1 CD, 2.4.0 through 2.4.7, 2.3.0 through 2.3.3, 2.2.0 through 2.2.2, and 2.3.0 through 2.3.3 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 283905.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27255"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-03T12:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM MQ Operator 2.0.0 LTS, 2.0.18 LTS, 3.0.0 CD, 3.0.1 CD, 2.4.0 through 2.4.7, 2.3.0 through 2.3.3, 2.2.0 through 2.2.2, and 2.3.0 through 2.3.3 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 283905.",
"id": "GHSA-5364-mpf2-q7g8",
"modified": "2024-03-03T12:30:31Z",
"published": "2024-03-03T12:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/283905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7126571"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-537H-RV9Q-VVPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-24 18:24 – Updated: 2024-10-21 21:54Python-RSA before 4.1 ignores leading '\0' bytes during decryption of ciphertext. This could conceivably have a security-relevant impact, e.g., by helping an attacker to infer that an application uses Python-RSA, or if the length of accepted ciphertext affects application behavior (such as by causing excessive memory allocation).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "rsa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-13757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-24T18:24:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-01T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Python-RSA before 4.1 ignores leading \u0027\\0\u0027 bytes during decryption of ciphertext. This could conceivably have a security-relevant impact, e.g., by helping an attacker to infer that an application uses Python-RSA, or if the length of accepted ciphertext affects application behavior (such as by causing excessive memory allocation).",
"id": "GHSA-537h-rv9q-vvph",
"modified": "2024-10-21T21:54:27Z",
"published": "2021-03-24T18:24:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sybrenstuvel/python-rsa/issues/146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sybrenstuvel/python-rsa/issues/146#issuecomment-641845667"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/rsa/PYSEC-2020-99.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sybrenstuvel/python-rsa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2KILTHBHNSDUCYV22ODLOKTICJJ7JQIQ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZYB65VNILRBTXL6EITQTH2PZPK7I23MW"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4478-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Python-RSA decryption of ciphertext leads to DoS"
}
GHSA-55MM-5399-7R63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-08-05 14:52 – Updated: 2021-03-04 18:25Impact
Previously encrypted cookie values were not tied to the name of the cookie the value belonged to. This meant that certain classes of attacks that took advantage of other theoretical vulnerabilities in user facing code (nothing exploitable in the core project itself) had a higher chance of succeeding.
Specifically, if your usage exposed a way for users to provide unfiltered user input and have it returned to them as an encrypted cookie (ex. storing a user provided search query in a cookie) they could then use the generated cookie in place of other more tightly controlled cookies; or if your usage exposed the plaintext version of an encrypted cookie at any point to the user they could theoretically provide encrypted content from your application back to it as an encrypted cookie and force the framework to decrypt it for them.
Patches
Issue has been patched in Build 468 (v1.0.468).
NOTE: If you are using the cookie session driver, all of your session data will be invalidated. All other session drivers should smoothly upgrade to the changes (although the backend authentication persist cookie will also be invalidated requiring users to login again once their current session expires).
Workarounds
Apply https://github.com/octobercms/library/commit/28310d4fb336a1741b39498f4474497644a6875c to your installation manually if unable to upgrade to Build 468.
References
- https://blog.laravel.com/laravel-cookie-security-releases
- https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/4c7d118181d6c7f1f883643702df807ced016c5e...a731824421f9ebc586728ea9c7cff231a249aaa9
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at hello@octobercms.com
Threat Assessment
Assessed as Low given that it is not directly exploitable within the core but requires other security vulnerabilities within the application to have an effect and the severity of its effect depends entirely on the severity of those other holes in the application's defences.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Takashi Terada of Mitsui Bussan Secure Directions, Inc. for finding the original issue in Laravel and @taylorotwell for sharing the report with the October CMS team.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "october/rain"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.319"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.468"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15128"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-565"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-07-31T17:44:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-31T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nPreviously encrypted cookie values were not tied to the name of the cookie the value belonged to. This meant that certain classes of attacks that took advantage of other theoretical vulnerabilities in user facing code (nothing exploitable in the core project itself) had a higher chance of succeeding. \n\nSpecifically, if your usage exposed a way for users to provide unfiltered user input and have it returned to them as an encrypted cookie (ex. storing a user provided search query in a cookie) they could then use the generated cookie in place of other more tightly controlled cookies; or if your usage exposed the plaintext version of an encrypted cookie at any point to the user they could theoretically provide encrypted content from your application back to it as an encrypted cookie and force the framework to decrypt it for them. \n\n### Patches\nIssue has been patched in Build 468 (v1.0.468).\n\n\u003e**NOTE**: If you are using the cookie session driver, all of your session data will be invalidated. All other session drivers should smoothly upgrade to the changes (although the backend authentication persist cookie will also be invalidated requiring users to login again once their current session expires).\n\n### Workarounds\nApply https://github.com/octobercms/library/commit/28310d4fb336a1741b39498f4474497644a6875c to your installation manually if unable to upgrade to Build 468.\n\n### References\n- https://blog.laravel.com/laravel-cookie-security-releases\n- https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/4c7d118181d6c7f1f883643702df807ced016c5e...a731824421f9ebc586728ea9c7cff231a249aaa9\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [hello@octobercms.com](mailto:hello@octobercms.com)\n\n### Threat Assessment\nAssessed as Low given that it is not directly exploitable within the core but requires other security vulnerabilities within the application to have an effect and the severity of its effect depends entirely on the severity of those other holes in the application\u0027s defences.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThanks to [Takashi Terada of Mitsui Bussan Secure Directions, Inc.](https://www.linkedin.com/in/takeshi-terada-b570a6100/) for finding the original issue in Laravel and @taylorotwell for sharing the report with the October CMS team.",
"id": "GHSA-55mm-5399-7r63",
"modified": "2021-03-04T18:25:42Z",
"published": "2020-08-05T14:52:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/advisories/GHSA-55mm-5399-7r63"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/library/pull/508"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/library/commit/28310d4fb336a1741b39498f4474497644a6875c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Reliance on Cookies without validation in OctoberCMS"
}
GHSA-56WG-JRCG-XC4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2023-05-12 00:30IBM Security Verify Information Queue 1.0.6 and 1.0.7 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 198184.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20406"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-326",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-12T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Verify Information Queue 1.0.6 and 1.0.7 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 198184.",
"id": "GHSA-56wg-jrcg-xc4q",
"modified": "2023-05-12T00:30:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/196184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6414763"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-24
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
- For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification [REF-1192].
- Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
- Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
Mitigation MIT-52
Ensure that the design allows one cryptographic algorithm to be replaced with another in the next generation or version. Where possible, use wrappers to make the interfaces uniform. This will make it easier to upgrade to stronger algorithms. With hardware, design the product at the Intellectual Property (IP) level so that one cryptographic algorithm can be replaced with another in the next generation of the hardware product.
Mitigation
Carefully manage and protect cryptographic keys (see CWE-320). If the keys can be guessed or stolen, then the strength of the cryptography itself is irrelevant.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Industry-standard implementations will save development time and may be more likely to avoid errors that can occur during implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Consider the ESAPI Encryption feature.
Mitigation MIT-25
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof
An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.
CAPEC-608: Cryptanalysis of Cellular Encryption
The use of cryptanalytic techniques to derive cryptographic keys or otherwise effectively defeat cellular encryption to reveal traffic content. Some cellular encryption algorithms such as A5/1 and A5/2 (specified for GSM use) are known to be vulnerable to such attacks and commercial tools are available to execute these attacks and decrypt mobile phone conversations in real-time. Newer encryption algorithms in use by UMTS and LTE are stronger and currently believed to be less vulnerable to these types of attacks. Note, however, that an attacker with a Cellular Rogue Base Station can force the use of weak cellular encryption even by newer mobile devices.
CAPEC-614: Rooting SIM Cards
SIM cards are the de facto trust anchor of mobile devices worldwide. The cards protect the mobile identity of subscribers, associate devices with phone numbers, and increasingly store payment credentials, for example in NFC-enabled phones with mobile wallets. This attack leverages over-the-air (OTA) updates deployed via cryptographically-secured SMS messages to deliver executable code to the SIM. By cracking the DES key, an attacker can send properly signed binary SMS messages to a device, which are treated as Java applets and are executed on the SIM. These applets are allowed to send SMS, change voicemail numbers, and query the phone location, among many other predefined functions. These capabilities alone provide plenty of potential for abuse.
CAPEC-97: Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis is a process of finding weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms and using these weaknesses to decipher the ciphertext without knowing the secret key (instance deduction). Sometimes the weakness is not in the cryptographic algorithm itself, but rather in how it is applied that makes cryptanalysis successful. An attacker may have other goals as well, such as: Total Break (finding the secret key), Global Deduction (finding a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption that does not require knowledge of the secret key), Information Deduction (gaining some information about plaintexts or ciphertexts that was not previously known) and Distinguishing Algorithm (the attacker has the ability to distinguish the output of the encryption (ciphertext) from a random permutation of bits).