CWE-321
AllowedUse of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product uses a hard-coded, unchangeable cryptographic key.
682 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J7CX-968M-V284
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 03:31 – Updated: 2025-09-26 06:30Unitree Go2, G1, H1, and B2 devices through 2025-09-20 decrypt BLE packet data by using the df98b715d5c6ed2b25817b6f2554124a key and the 2841ae97419c2973296a0d4bdfe19a4f IV.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60250"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T01:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unitree Go2, G1, H1, and B2 devices through 2025-09-20 decrypt BLE packet data by using the df98b715d5c6ed2b25817b6f2554124a key and the 2841ae97419c2973296a0d4bdfe19a4f IV.",
"id": "GHSA-j7cx-968m-v284",
"modified": "2025-09-26T06:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-09-26T03:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bin4ry/UniPwn"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45381590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/unitree-robot-exploit"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J892-5FGM-V8HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36A vulnerability has been identified in LOGO! 8 BM (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V8.3). The firmware update of affected devices contains the private RSA key that is used as a basis for encryption of communication with the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in LOGO! 8 BM (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions \u003c V8.3). The firmware update of affected devices contains the private RSA key that is used as a basis for encryption of communication with the device.",
"id": "GHSA-j892-5fgm-v8hw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-480824.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J9P6-6M27-5XWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 09:30 – Updated: 2023-02-01 03:30A vulnerability in the monitoring application of Cisco Industrial Network Director could allow an authenticated, local attacker to access a static secret key used to store both local data and credentials for accessing remote systems. This vulnerability is due to a static key value stored in the application used to encrypt application data and remote credentials. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by gaining local access to the server Cisco Industrial Network Director is installed on. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to decrypt data allowing the attacker to access remote systems monitored by Cisco Industrial Network Director.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-20T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the monitoring application of Cisco Industrial Network Director could allow an authenticated, local attacker to access a static secret key used to store both local data and credentials for accessing remote systems. This vulnerability is due to a static key value stored in the application used to encrypt application data and remote credentials. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by gaining local access to the server Cisco Industrial Network Director is installed on. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to decrypt data allowing the attacker to access remote systems monitored by Cisco Industrial Network Director.",
"id": "GHSA-j9p6-6m27-5xwj",
"modified": "2023-02-01T03:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-01-20T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ind-fZyVjJtG"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHVF-5WF6-HCGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-16 18:34 – Updated: 2026-10-16 18:34data-platform-open through commit efeacd3 uses a hardcoded, publicly known default AES key in AesPasswordEncAndDecServiceImpl, allowing authenticated attackers to decrypt stored datasource passwords. Attackers can obtain ciphertext passwords from the datasource detail API, for example via cross-workspace IDOR, and decrypt them offline to recover plaintext database credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-111696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-16T18:17:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "data-platform-open through commit efeacd3 uses a hardcoded, publicly known default AES key in AesPasswordEncAndDecServiceImpl, allowing authenticated attackers to decrypt stored datasource passwords. Attackers can obtain ciphertext passwords from the datasource detail API, for example via cross-workspace IDOR, and decrypt them offline to recover plaintext database credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-jhvf-5wf6-hcgg",
"modified": "2026-10-16T18:34:52Z",
"published": "2026-10-16T18:34:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shaiwz/data-platform-open/blob/efeacd35e8450b7a084fa2134d292cd058cf605b/data-platform-open-common/src/main/resources/application-common.yml#L104-L106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shaiwz/data-platform-open/blob/efeacd35e8450b7a084fa2134d292cd058cf605b/data-platform-open-web/src/main/java/cn/dataplatform/open/web/service/impl/AesPasswordEncAndDecServiceImpl.java#L21-L25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@hieuPenguinnn/data-platform-open-datasource-cross-workspace-idor-and-hardcoded-aes-key"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/data-platform-open-through-commit-efeacd3-hardcoded-aes-key-for-datasource-passwords"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHW8-5JCF-2XJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 12:30 – Updated: 2025-10-16 12:30desknet's NEO V4.0R1.0 to V9.0R2.0 contains a hard-coded cryptographic key, which allows an attacker to create malicious AppSuite applications.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58426"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T10:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "desknet\u0027s NEO V4.0R1.0 to V9.0R2.0 contains a hard-coded cryptographic key, which allows an attacker to create malicious AppSuite applications.",
"id": "GHSA-jhw8-5jcf-2xj6",
"modified": "2025-10-16T12:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-10-16T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN90757550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.desknets.com/neo/support/mainte/17475"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JM5C-W4XP-6794
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-16 18:31 – Updated: 2024-10-16 18:31A vulnerability in the backup feature of Cisco UCS Central Software could allow an attacker with access to a backup file to learn sensitive information that is stored in the full state and configuration backup files.
This vulnerability is due to a weakness in the encryption method that is used for the backup function. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing a backup file and leveraging a static key that is used for the backup configuration feature. A successful exploit could allow an attacker with access to a backup file to learn sensitive information that is stored in full state backup files and configuration backup files, such as local user credentials, authentication server passwords, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community names, and the device SSL server certificate and key.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20280"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-16T17:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the backup feature of Cisco UCS Central Software could allow an attacker with access to a backup file to learn sensitive information that is stored in the full state and configuration backup files.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to a weakness in the encryption method that is used for the backup function. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing a backup file and leveraging a static key that is used for the backup configuration feature. A successful exploit could allow an attacker with access to a backup file to learn sensitive information that is stored in full state backup files and configuration backup files, such as local user credentials, authentication server passwords, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community names, and the device SSL server certificate and key.",
"id": "GHSA-jm5c-w4xp-6794",
"modified": "2024-10-16T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2024-10-16T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ucsc-bkpsky-TgJ5f73J"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JPVQ-QWHH-PW47
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-12 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-12 12:31Flowise before 3.1.0 (affected versions 3.0.13 and earlier) uses weak hardcoded default JWT secrets ('auth_token', 'refresh_token') and default audience and issuer values ('AUDIENCE', 'ISSUER') in the enterprise passport authentication middleware (packages/server/src/enterprise/middleware/passport/index.ts). When the corresponding environment variables (JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_AUDIENCE, JWT_ISSUER) are not set, the application silently falls back to these publicly known defaults, allowing an attacker to forge valid JWTs and impersonate any user, including administrators, resulting in authentication bypass.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-12T12:16:45Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Flowise before 3.1.0 (affected versions 3.0.13 and earlier) uses weak hardcoded default JWT secrets (\u0027auth_token\u0027, \u0027refresh_token\u0027) and default audience and issuer values (\u0027AUDIENCE\u0027, \u0027ISSUER\u0027) in the enterprise passport authentication middleware (packages/server/src/enterprise/middleware/passport/index.ts). When the corresponding environment variables (JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_AUDIENCE, JWT_ISSUER) are not set, the application silently falls back to these publicly known defaults, allowing an attacker to forge valid JWTs and impersonate any user, including administrators, resulting in authentication bypass.",
"id": "GHSA-jpvq-qwhh-pw47",
"modified": "2026-07-12T12:31:48Z",
"published": "2026-07-12T12:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-cc4f-hjpj-g9p8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flowise-weak-default-jwt-secrets-in-authentication-middleware"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQ4C-83MM-G2WR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:33 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:33Snowy 3.6.5 contains a hard-coded HMAC key vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge download signatures for the /dev/file/download endpoint by using the published FILE_DOWNLOAD_SIGN_SECRET constant. Attackers can compute HMAC-SHA256 signatures of guessed file ids offline to download stored files such as avatars, editor images and attachments.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-110214"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T19:18:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Snowy 3.6.5 contains a hard-coded HMAC key vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge download signatures for the /dev/file/download endpoint by using the published FILE_DOWNLOAD_SIGN_SECRET constant. Attackers can compute HMAC-SHA256 signatures of guessed file ids offline to download stored files such as avatars, editor images and attachments.",
"id": "GHSA-jq4c-83mm-g2wr",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:33:37Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xiaonuobase/Snowy/blob/v3.6.5/snowy-plugin/snowy-plugin-dev/src/main/java/vip/xiaonuo/dev/modular/file/service/impl/DevFileServiceImpl.java#L419-L445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xiaonuobase/Snowy/blob/v3.6.5/snowy-plugin/snowy-plugin-dev/src/main/java/vip/xiaonuo/dev/modular/file/service/impl/DevFileServiceImpl.java#L78"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xiaonuobase/Snowy/blob/v3.6.5/snowy-web-app/src/main/java/vip/xiaonuo/core/config/GlobalConfigure.java#L174-L175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@1ExmmukzRMWN7B4gQ4W-4Q/snowy-dev-file-access-control"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/snowy-3.6.5-hard-coded-download-signature-key-allows-unauthenticated-file-download"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQG8-M35Q-JH7J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-24 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-25 14:14Apache Syncope can be configured to store the user password values in the internal database with AES encryption, though this is not the default option.
When AES is configured, the default key value, hard-coded in the source code, is always used. This allows a malicious attacker, once obtained access to the internal database content, to reconstruct the original cleartext password values. This is not affecting encrypted plain attributes, whose values are also stored using AES encryption.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.0.15 / 4.0.3, which fix this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.syncope:syncope-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.syncope:syncope-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-25T14:14:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-24T14:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache Syncope can be configured to store the user password values in the internal database with AES encryption, though this is not the default option.\n\nWhen AES is configured, the default key value, hard-coded in the source code, is always used. This allows a malicious attacker, once obtained access to the internal database content, to reconstruct the original cleartext password values.\nThis is not affecting encrypted plain attributes, whose values are also stored using AES encryption.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.0.15 / 4.0.3, which fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-jqg8-m35q-jh7j",
"modified": "2025-11-25T14:14:13Z",
"published": "2025-11-24T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/syncope/commit/297498ebfc86e4996f5e3e4ef7b7f8b1cd82004b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/syncope/commit/9d706af25d2e60327b8b5b63186f9da51ed79a1d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/syncope"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/fjh0tb0d1xkbphc5ogdsc348ppz88cts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/24/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Syncope\u0027s AES encryption stores hard-coded passwords in internal database"
}
GHSA-JVQQ-8F3Q-54HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-02 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:22A vulnerability has been identified in MXsecurity versions prior to v1.0.1. The vulnerability may put the confidentiality and integrity of SSH communications at risk on the affected device. This vulnerability is attributed to a hard-coded SSH host key, which might facilitate man-in-the-middle attacks and enable the decryption of SSH traffic.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39982"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-02T13:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in MXsecurity versions prior to v1.0.1. The vulnerability may put the confidentiality and integrity of SSH communications at risk on the affected device. This vulnerability is attributed to a hard-coded SSH host key, which might facilitate man-in-the-middle attacks and enable the decryption of SSH traffic.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-jvqq-8f3q-54hg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:22:23Z",
"published": "2023-09-02T15:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-230403-mxsecurity-series-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Prevention schemes mirror that of hard-coded password storage.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.