CWE-319
AllowedCleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
1202 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J564-PMX9-WQCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36BigFix Inventory up to v10.0.2 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which can cause the cookie to be sent in http requests and make it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-16T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "BigFix Inventory up to v10.0.2 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which can cause the cookie to be sent in http requests and make it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie.",
"id": "GHSA-j564-pmx9-wqcj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0085735"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J5R6-PP4X-VXPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 00:30 – Updated: 2025-05-09 00:30The Pixmeo Osirix MD Web Portal sends credential information without encryption, which could allow an attacker to steal credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T23:15:51Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Pixmeo Osirix MD Web Portal sends credential information without encryption, which could allow an attacker to steal credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-j5r6-pp4x-vxpq",
"modified": "2025-05-09T00:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T00:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-25-128-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.osirix-viewer.com/about/contact"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.osirix-viewer.com/osirix/osirix-md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J629-WHPQ-GXC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-18 06:30 – Updated: 2024-11-08 09:30Johan Fagerström, member of the AXIS OS Bug Bounty Program, has found that a O3C feature may expose sensitive traffic between the client (Axis device) and (O3C) server. If O3C is not being used this flaw does not apply. Axis has released patched AXIS OS versions for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory for more information and solution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-18T06:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Johan Fagerstr\u00f6m, member of the AXIS OS Bug Bounty Program, has found that a O3C feature may expose sensitive traffic between the client (Axis device) and (O3C) server. If O3C is not being used this flaw does not apply. \nAxis has released patched AXIS OS versions for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory for more information and solution.",
"id": "GHSA-j629-whpq-gxc5",
"modified": "2024-11-08T09:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-06-18T06:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axis.com/dam/public/03/49/2c/cve-2024-0066-en-US-442553.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J648-XXF5-44CV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 21:31Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
This can occur due to ssl_verify in openid-connect plugin configuration being set to false by default.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 0.7 through 3.15.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.16.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T09:16:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability in Apache APISIX.\n\nThis can occur due to `ssl_verify` in openid-connect plugin configuration being set to false by default.\nThis issue affects Apache APISIX: from 0.7 through 3.15.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.16.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-j648-xxf5-44cv",
"modified": "2026-04-14T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T09:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/0pjs72l7qj83j3srw1l1toyj24bsgkds"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/14/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J666-J6HJ-FPC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-30 09:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:32A flaw was found in libsoup. When establishing HTTPS tunnels through a configured HTTP proxy, sensitive session cookies are transmitted in cleartext within the initial HTTP CONNECT request. A network-positioned attacker or a malicious HTTP proxy can intercept these cookies, leading to potential session hijacking or user impersonation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5119"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-30T07:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in libsoup. When establishing HTTPS tunnels through a configured HTTP proxy, sensitive session cookies are transmitted in cleartext within the initial HTTP CONNECT request. A network-positioned attacker or a malicious HTTP proxy can intercept these cookies, leading to potential session hijacking or user impersonation.",
"id": "GHSA-j666-j6hj-fpc7",
"modified": "2026-06-09T12:32:00Z",
"published": "2026-03-30T09:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libsoup/-/issues/502"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-5119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21686"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17482"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:15968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13978"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J785-3RJ2-95J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-10 15:30Shenzhen Tenda AC7 firmware version V03.03.03.01_cn and prior expose account credentials in plaintext within HTTP responses, allowing an on-path attacker to obtain sensitive authentication material.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T20:15:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Shenzhen Tenda AC7 firmware version V03.03.03.01_cn and prior expose account credentials in plaintext within HTTP responses, allowing an on-path attacker to obtain sensitive authentication material.",
"id": "GHSA-j785-3rj2-95j3",
"modified": "2026-02-10T15:30:21Z",
"published": "2026-02-03T21:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tendacn.com/product/AC7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tenda-ac7-transmits-admin-credentials-without-https-protection"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7C8-CJW7-M5FM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50The Sky Go Desktop application 1.0.19-1 through 1.0.23-1 for Windows performs several requests over cleartext HTTP. This makes the data submitted in these requests prone to Man in The Middle (MiTM) attacks, whereby an attacker would be able to obtain the data sent in these requests. Some of the requests contain potentially sensitive information that could be useful to an attacker, such as the victim's Sky username.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-20T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Sky Go Desktop application 1.0.19-1 through 1.0.23-1 for Windows performs several requests over cleartext HTTP. This makes the data submitted in these requests prone to Man in The Middle (MiTM) attacks, whereby an attacker would be able to obtain the data sent in these requests. Some of the requests contain potentially sensitive information that could be useful to an attacker, such as the victim\u0027s Sky username.",
"id": "GHSA-j7c8-cjw7-m5fm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:50:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.sean-wright.com/sky"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J87C-5CR6-P64R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:56BIG-IP APM clients may send IP traffic outside of the VPN tunnel. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T16:21:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nBIG-IP APM clients may send IP traffic outside of the VPN tunnel.\u00a0\u00a0Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated",
"id": "GHSA-j87c-5cr6-p64r",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:56:02Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000136907"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J88G-QVQ3-G942
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:44An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3 is affected. The issue involves the "iTunes Store" component. It allows man-in-the-middle attackers to modify the client-server data stream to iTunes sandbox web services by leveraging use of cleartext HTTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-02T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3 is affected. The issue involves the \"iTunes Store\" component. It allows man-in-the-middle attackers to modify the client-server data stream to iTunes sandbox web services by leveraging use of cleartext HTTP.",
"id": "GHSA-j88g-qvq3-g942",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:44:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038139"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J89H-QRVR-XC36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-18 20:30 – Updated: 2024-03-19 18:31Impact
In Cilium clusters with IPsec enabled and traffic matching Layer 7 policies:
- Traffic that should be IPsec-encrypted between a node's Envoy proxy and pods on other nodes is sent unencrypted
- Traffic that should be IPsec-encrypted between a node's DNS proxy and pods on other nodes is sent unencrypted
Note: For clusters running in native routing mode, IPsec encryption is not applied to connections which are selected by a L7 Egress Network Policy or a DNS Policy. This is a known limitation of Cilium's IPsec encryption which will continue to apply after upgrading to the latest Cilium versions described below.
Patches
This issue affects:
- Cilium v1.15 before v1.15.2
- Cilium v1.14 before v1.14.8
- Cilium v1.13 before v1.13.13
- Cilium v1.4 to v1.12 inclusive
This issue has been resolved in:
- Cilium v1.15.2
- Cilium v1.14.8
- Cilium v1.13.13
Workarounds
There is no workaround to this issue.
Acknowledgements
The Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @jschwinger233, @julianwiedmann, @giorio94, and @jrajahalme for their work in triaging and resolving this issue.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out on Slack.
If you think you have found a vulnerability in Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our private security mailing list at security@cilium.io. This is a private mailing list that only members of the Cilium internal security team are subscribed to, and your report will be treated as top priority.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.13.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.14.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.14.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.15.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.15.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-311",
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-18T20:30:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-18T22:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn Cilium clusters with IPsec enabled and traffic matching Layer 7 policies:\n\n- Traffic that should be IPsec-encrypted between a node\u0027s Envoy proxy and pods on other nodes is sent unencrypted\n- Traffic that should be IPsec-encrypted between a node\u0027s DNS proxy and pods on other nodes is sent unencrypted\n\n**Note:** For clusters running in native routing mode, IPsec encryption is not applied to connections which are selected by a L7 Egress Network Policy or a DNS Policy. This is a known limitation of Cilium\u0027s IPsec encryption which will continue to apply after upgrading to the latest Cilium versions described below.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue affects: \n\n- Cilium v1.15 before v1.15.2\n- Cilium v1.14 before v1.14.8\n- Cilium v1.13 before v1.13.13\n- Cilium v1.4 to v1.12 inclusive\n\nThis issue has been resolved in:\n\n- Cilium v1.15.2\n- Cilium v1.14.8\n- Cilium v1.13.13\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround to this issue.\n\n### Acknowledgements\nThe Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @jschwinger233, @julianwiedmann, @giorio94, and @jrajahalme for their work in triaging and resolving this issue. \n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out on [Slack](https://docs.cilium.io/en/latest/community/community/#slack).\n\nIf you think you have found a vulnerability in Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our private security mailing list at [security@cilium.io](mailto:security@cilium.io). This is a private mailing list that only members of the Cilium internal security team are subscribed to, and your report will be treated as top priority.",
"id": "GHSA-j89h-qrvr-xc36",
"modified": "2024-03-19T18:31:22Z",
"published": "2024-03-18T20:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/security/advisories/GHSA-j89h-qrvr-xc36"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28249"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.13.13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.14.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.15.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Unencrypted traffic between nodes when using IPsec and L7 policies"
}
Mitigation
Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.
Mitigation
When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.
Mitigation
When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.
Mitigation
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
Mitigation
Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-117: Interception
An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.
CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring
An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.