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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-319

Allowed

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.

1202 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9J28-82FG-7VJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-18 00:00
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the IGEL Universal Management Suite (UMS) 6.07.100. The transmission of cleartext LDAP bind credentials by the cmd_mgt_load_mgt_tree command allows an attacker (who can intercept or inspect traffic between an authenticated UMS client and server) to compromise those LDAP bind credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25805"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the IGEL Universal Management Suite (UMS) 6.07.100. The transmission of cleartext LDAP bind credentials by the cmd_mgt_load_mgt_tree command allows an attacker (who can intercept or inspect traffic between an authenticated UMS client and server) to compromise those LDAP bind credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-9j28-82fg-7vjq",
  "modified": "2022-06-18T00:00:23Z",
  "published": "2022-06-10T00:00:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25805"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/atredispartners/advisories/blob/master/ATREDIS-2022-0002.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.igel.com/igel-solution-family/universal-management-suite"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9JG5-W45G-PR75

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49
VLAI
Details

Druide Antidote through 9.5.1 on Windows and Linux allows remote code execution through the update mechanism by leveraging use of HTTP to download installation packages.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-13140"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-09-24T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Druide Antidote through 9.5.1 on Windows and Linux allows remote code execution through the update mechanism by leveraging use of HTTP to download installation packages.",
  "id": "GHSA-9jg5-w45g-pr75",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:49:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13140"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sysdream.com/news/lab/2018-09-21-cve-2018-13140-antidote-remote-code-execution-against-the-update-component"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/149468/Antidote-9.5.1-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/Sep/38"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9JG8-998R-3FXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42
VLAI
Details

IBM Tivoli Monitoring Portal V6 client could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges for IBM Tivoli Monitoring, caused by the default console connection not being encrypted. IBM X-Force ID: 123487.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1181"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-07-17T13:18:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM Tivoli Monitoring Portal V6 client could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges for IBM Tivoli Monitoring, caused by the default console connection not being encrypted. IBM X-Force ID: 123487.",
  "id": "GHSA-9jg8-998r-3fxr",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:42:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1181"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/123487"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22003402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99596"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038913"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9MPH-VXJP-R3RX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-25 18:31
VLAI
Details

rclone versions before v1.75.0 fail to reject transport downgrades in redirect handling, allowing Basic authorization and Cookie headers to be replayed over plaintext HTTP after same-host HTTPS-to-HTTP redirects. An on-path attacker observing the plaintext hop can capture and reuse credentials to perform WebDAV operations with the compromised account's permissions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-79779"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T16:17:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "rclone versions before v1.75.0 fail to reject transport downgrades in redirect handling, allowing Basic authorization and Cookie headers to be replayed over plaintext HTTP after same-host HTTPS-to-HTTP redirects. An on-path attacker observing the plaintext hop can capture and reuse credentials to perform WebDAV operations with the compromised account\u0027s permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-9mph-vxjp-r3rx",
  "modified": "2026-08-25T18:31:54Z",
  "published": "2026-08-25T18:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rclone/rclone/security/advisories/GHSA-h4mf-4v27-hggj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79779"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rclone-before-webdav-credential-exposure-via-https-to-http-redirect"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9QJF-QJ4P-RPQR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:21
VLAI
Details

The web application portal of the Cobham EXPLORER 710, firmware version 1.07, sends the login password in cleartext. This could allow an unauthenticated, local attacker to intercept the password and gain access to the portal.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9532"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-10T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The web application portal of the Cobham EXPLORER 710, firmware version 1.07, sends the login password in cleartext. This could allow an unauthenticated, local attacker to intercept the password and gain access to the portal.",
  "id": "GHSA-9qjf-qj4p-rpqr",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:21:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:58:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9532"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/719689"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9QP2-W8W6-FGC3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

A cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSOAR PaaS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.5.0 through 7.5.2, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.3 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.5.0 through 7.5.1, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.3 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to view cleartext password in response for Secure Message Exchange and Radius queries, if configured

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21742"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T16:16:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSOAR PaaS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.5.0 through 7.5.2, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.3 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.5.0 through 7.5.1, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.3 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to view cleartext password in response for Secure Message Exchange and Radius queries, if configured",
  "id": "GHSA-9qp2-w8w6-fgc3",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:34Z",
  "published": "2026-04-14T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21742"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-106"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9QPJ-QQ2R-5MCC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-26 13:52 – Updated: 2023-05-26 13:52
VLAI
Summary
html inputs of type password recorded in plaintext when converted to text inputs
Details

Impact

Highlight may record passwords on customer deployments when a password html input is switched to type="text" via a javascript "Show Password" button. This differs from the expected behavior which always obfuscates type="password" inputs. A customer may assume that switching to type="text" would also not record this input; hence, they would not add additional highlight-mask css-class obfuscation to this part of the DOM, resulting in unintentional recording of a password value when a Show Password button is used.

Patches

highlight.run@6.0.0 resolves the issue via https://github.com/rrweb-io/rrweb/pull/1184 This patch tracks changes to the type attribute of an input to ensure an input that used to be a type="password" continues to be obfuscated.

Workarounds

We have deployed a change to our data ingest to obfuscate passwords server side from older clients. This means that upgrading to the latest version of highlight.run is not necessary but recommended to prevent potential network transfer of recorded password data to our backend.

References

https://github.com/rrweb-io/rrweb/pull/1184

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "highlight.run"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33187"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-26T13:52:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-26T21:15:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nHighlight may record passwords on customer deployments when a password html input is switched to `type=\"text\"` via a javascript \"Show Password\" button. This differs from the expected behavior which always obfuscates `type=\"password\"` inputs. A customer may assume that switching to `type=\"text\"` would also not record this input; hence, they would not add additional `highlight-mask` css-class obfuscation to this part of the DOM, resulting in unintentional recording of a password value when a `Show Password` button is used.\n\n### Patches\n`highlight.run@6.0.0` resolves the issue via https://github.com/rrweb-io/rrweb/pull/1184\nThis patch tracks changes to the `type` attribute of an input to ensure an input that used to be a `type=\"password\"` continues to be obfuscated. \n\n### Workarounds\nWe have deployed a change to our data ingest to obfuscate passwords server side from older clients.\nThis means that upgrading to the latest version of highlight.run is not necessary but recommended to prevent potential network transfer of recorded password data to our backend.\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/rrweb-io/rrweb/pull/1184\n",
  "id": "GHSA-9qpj-qq2r-5mcc",
  "modified": "2023-05-26T13:52:19Z",
  "published": "2023-05-26T13:52:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/highlight/highlight/security/advisories/GHSA-9qpj-qq2r-5mcc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33187"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rrweb-io/rrweb/pull/1184"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/highlight/highlight"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "html inputs of type password recorded in plaintext when converted to text inputs"
}

GHSA-9QR8-H5JR-2GMW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-08 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-18 21:30
VLAI
Details

An information exposure vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR agent on Windows devices allows a local system administrator to disclose the admin password for the agent in cleartext, which bad actors can then use to execute privileged cytool commands that disable or uninstall the agent.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0001"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-08T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An information exposure vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR agent on Windows devices allows a local system administrator to disclose the admin password for the agent in cleartext, which bad actors can then use to execute privileged cytool commands that disable or uninstall the agent.",
  "id": "GHSA-9qr8-h5jr-2gmw",
  "modified": "2023-02-18T21:30:17Z",
  "published": "2023-02-08T18:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2023-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/08/10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/08/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/08/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/08/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/10/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9RR5-MRC9-96H4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-02 15:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on goTenna Mesh devices with app 5.5.3 and firmware 1.1.12. By default, a GID is the user's phone number unless they specifically opt out. A phone number is very sensitive information because it can be tied back to individuals. The app does not encrypt the GID in messages.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32884"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T18:15:55Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on goTenna Mesh devices with app 5.5.3 and firmware 1.1.12. By default, a GID is the user\u0027s phone number unless they specifically opt out. A phone number is very sensitive information because it can be tied back to individuals. The app does not encrypt the GID in messages.",
  "id": "GHSA-9rr5-mrc9-96h4",
  "modified": "2025-05-02T15:31:44Z",
  "published": "2025-05-02T15:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32884"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Dollarhyde/goTenna_v1_and_Mesh_vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gotenna.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9RRR-65Q4-QRRQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-13 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-13 18:31
VLAI
Details

A privilege escalation vulnerability was discovered when Single Sign On (SSO) is enabled that could allow an attacker to intercept a valid, authenticated LXCA user’s XCC session if they can convince the user to click on a specially crafted URL.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-45101"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-13T18:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A privilege escalation vulnerability was discovered when Single Sign On (SSO) is enabled that could allow an attacker to intercept a valid, authenticated LXCA user\u2019s XCC session if they can convince the user to click on a specially crafted URL.",
  "id": "GHSA-9rrr-65q4-qrrq",
  "modified": "2024-09-13T18:31:48Z",
  "published": "2024-09-13T18:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45101"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-154748"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.

Mitigation
Implementation

When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

Mitigation
Operation

Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-117: Interception

An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.