CWE-319
AllowedCleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
1149 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9CGQ-H66G-4XHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-02 15:31An issue was discovered on goTenna v1 devices with app 5.5.3 and firmware 0.25.5. By default, the GID is the user's phone number unless they specifically opt out. A phone number is very sensitive information because it can be tied back to individuals. The app does not encrypt the GID in messages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T18:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on goTenna v1 devices with app 5.5.3 and firmware 0.25.5. By default, the GID is the user\u0027s phone number unless they specifically opt out. A phone number is very sensitive information because it can be tied back to individuals. The app does not encrypt the GID in messages.",
"id": "GHSA-9cgq-h66g-4xhp",
"modified": "2025-05-02T15:31:42Z",
"published": "2025-05-02T15:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Dollarhyde/goTenna_v1_and_Mesh_vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gotenna.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9CVH-565Q-XJ94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:50 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:19A vulnerability was found in the app 2.0 of the Shenzhen Jisiwei i3 robot vacuum cleaner. Actions performed on the app such as changing a password, and personal information it communicates with the server, use unencrypted HTTP. As an example, while logging in through the app to a Jisiwei account, the login request is being sent in cleartext. The vulnerability exists in both the Android and iOS version of the app. An attacker could exploit this by using an MiTM attack on the local network to obtain someone's login credentials, which gives them full access to the robot vacuum cleaner.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12820"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in the app 2.0 of the Shenzhen Jisiwei i3 robot vacuum cleaner. Actions performed on the app such as changing a password, and personal information it communicates with the server, use unencrypted HTTP. As an example, while logging in through the app to a Jisiwei account, the login request is being sent in cleartext. The vulnerability exists in both the Android and iOS version of the app. An attacker could exploit this by using an MiTM attack on the local network to obtain someone\u0027s login credentials, which gives them full access to the robot vacuum cleaner.",
"id": "GHSA-9cvh-565q-xj94",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:19:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:50:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.914058.1561621210!/Olsson_Larsson-Forsberg_vacuum.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.914058.1561621210%21/Olsson_Larsson-Forsberg_vacuum.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9FWW-WG5Q-G25Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-08 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:43ASUS RT-AC66U B1 3.0.0.4.286_51665 was discovered to transmit sensitive information in cleartext.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-08T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ASUS RT-AC66U B1 3.0.0.4.286_51665 was discovered to transmit sensitive information in cleartext.",
"id": "GHSA-9fww-wg5q-g25q",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:43:06Z",
"published": "2023-08-08T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://121.41.98.87/2023/08/04/info"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://asus.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://na.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G9V-VCMW-4MP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 00:30General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway is vulnerable to a cleartext transmission vulnerability that could allow an attacker to observe network traffic to obtain sensitive information, including plaintext credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62765"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-15T00:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway\u00a0is vulnerable to a cleartext transmission vulnerability that could allow\n an attacker to observe network traffic to obtain sensitive information,\n including plaintext credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-9g9v-vcmw-4mp4",
"modified": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62765"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-317-08.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-317-08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9H47-6HM4-J5R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30InHand Networks InRouter 302, prior to version IR302 V3.5.56, and InRouter 615, prior to version InRouter6XX-S-V2.3.0.r5542, contain vulnerability CWE-319: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information. They use an unsecured channel to communicate with the cloud platform by default. An unauthorized user could intercept this communication and steal sensitive information such as configuration information and MQTT credentials; this could allow MQTT command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 302, prior to version IR302 V3.5.56, and InRouter 615, prior to version InRouter6XX-S-V2.3.0.r5542, contain vulnerability CWE-319: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information. They use an unsecured channel to communicate with the cloud platform by default. An unauthorized user could intercept this communication and steal sensitive information such as configuration information and MQTT credentials; this could allow MQTT command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-9h47-6hm4-j5r2",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-01-13T00:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-012-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9HW7-CQRW-9J9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:58On EX4600, QFX5100 Series, NFX Series, QFX10K Series, QFX5110, QFX5200 Series, QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series, vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000 Series, vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000, QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series, when the user uses console management port to authenticate, the credentials used during device authentication are written to a log file in clear text. This issue does not affect users that are logging-in using telnet, SSH or J-web to the management IP. This issue affects ACX, NFX, SRX, EX and QFX platforms with the Linux Host OS architecture, it does not affect other SRX and EX platforms that do not use the Linux Host OS architecture. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS: 15.1X49 versions prior to 15.1X49-D110 on vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000 Series; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D234 on QFX5110, QFX5200 Series; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D68 on QFX10K Series; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S8, 17.1R3, on QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R1-S7, 17.2R2-S6, 17.2R3 on QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R2 on vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000, QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series; 14.1X53 versions prior to 14.1X53-D47 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 16.1R7 versions prior to 16.1R7 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S10, 17.1R3 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R2 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D496 on NFX Series, 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3-S1 on NFX Series; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S4 on NFX Series; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S4, 17.4R3 on NFX Series, 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S4 on NFX Series; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R2-S3, 18.2R3 on NFX Series; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R1-S3, 18.3R2 on NFX Series; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S1, 18.4R2 on NFX Series.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0069"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "On EX4600, QFX5100 Series, NFX Series, QFX10K Series, QFX5110, QFX5200 Series, QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series, vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000 Series, vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000, QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series, when the user uses console management port to authenticate, the credentials used during device authentication are written to a log file in clear text. This issue does not affect users that are logging-in using telnet, SSH or J-web to the management IP. This issue affects ACX, NFX, SRX, EX and QFX platforms with the Linux Host OS architecture, it does not affect other SRX and EX platforms that do not use the Linux Host OS architecture. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS: 15.1X49 versions prior to 15.1X49-D110 on vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000 Series; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D234 on QFX5110, QFX5200 Series; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D68 on QFX10K Series; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S8, 17.1R3, on QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R1-S7, 17.2R2-S6, 17.2R3 on QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R2 on vSRX, SRX1500, SRX4000, QFX5110, QFX5200, QFX10K Series; 14.1X53 versions prior to 14.1X53-D47 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 16.1R7 versions prior to 16.1R7 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S10, 17.1R3 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R2 on ACX5000, EX4600, QFX5100 Series; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D496 on NFX Series, 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3-S1 on NFX Series; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S4 on NFX Series; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S4, 17.4R3 on NFX Series, 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S4 on NFX Series; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R2-S3, 18.2R3 on NFX Series; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R1-S3, 18.3R2 on NFX Series; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S1, 18.4R2 on NFX Series.",
"id": "GHSA-9hw7-cqrw-9j9p",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:58:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10969"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9J28-82FG-7VJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-18 00:00An issue was discovered in the IGEL Universal Management Suite (UMS) 6.07.100. The transmission of cleartext LDAP bind credentials by the cmd_mgt_load_mgt_tree command allows an attacker (who can intercept or inspect traffic between an authenticated UMS client and server) to compromise those LDAP bind credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25805"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the IGEL Universal Management Suite (UMS) 6.07.100. The transmission of cleartext LDAP bind credentials by the cmd_mgt_load_mgt_tree command allows an attacker (who can intercept or inspect traffic between an authenticated UMS client and server) to compromise those LDAP bind credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-9j28-82fg-7vjq",
"modified": "2022-06-18T00:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-06-10T00:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/atredispartners/advisories/blob/master/ATREDIS-2022-0002.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.igel.com/igel-solution-family/universal-management-suite"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JG5-W45G-PR75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49Druide Antidote through 9.5.1 on Windows and Linux allows remote code execution through the update mechanism by leveraging use of HTTP to download installation packages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-13140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-24T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Druide Antidote through 9.5.1 on Windows and Linux allows remote code execution through the update mechanism by leveraging use of HTTP to download installation packages.",
"id": "GHSA-9jg5-w45g-pr75",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:49:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sysdream.com/news/lab/2018-09-21-cve-2018-13140-antidote-remote-code-execution-against-the-update-component"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/149468/Antidote-9.5.1-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/Sep/38"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JG8-998R-3FXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42IBM Tivoli Monitoring Portal V6 client could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges for IBM Tivoli Monitoring, caused by the default console connection not being encrypted. IBM X-Force ID: 123487.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-17T13:18:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Monitoring Portal V6 client could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges for IBM Tivoli Monitoring, caused by the default console connection not being encrypted. IBM X-Force ID: 123487.",
"id": "GHSA-9jg8-998r-3fxr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/123487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22003402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038913"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QJF-QJ4P-RPQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:21The web application portal of the Cobham EXPLORER 710, firmware version 1.07, sends the login password in cleartext. This could allow an unauthenticated, local attacker to intercept the password and gain access to the portal.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9532"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The web application portal of the Cobham EXPLORER 710, firmware version 1.07, sends the login password in cleartext. This could allow an unauthenticated, local attacker to intercept the password and gain access to the portal.",
"id": "GHSA-9qjf-qj4p-rpqr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:21:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/719689"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.
Mitigation
When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.
Mitigation
When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.
Mitigation
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
Mitigation
Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-117: Interception
An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.
CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring
An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.