Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-319

Allowed

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.

1194 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-XGGM-6FJ3-47W2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49
VLAI
Details

Intuit Lacerte 2017 for Windows in a client/server environment transfers the entire customer list in cleartext over SMB, which allows attackers to (1) obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network or (2) conduct man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks via unspecified vectors. The customer list contains each customer's full name, social security number (SSN), address, job title, phone number, Email address, spouse's phone/Email address, and other sensitive information. After the client software authenticates to the server database, the server sends the customer list. There is no need for further exploitation as all sensitive data is exposed. This vulnerability was validated on Intuit Lacerte 2017, however older versions of Lacerte may be vulnerable.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-11338"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-31T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Intuit Lacerte 2017 for Windows in a client/server environment transfers the entire customer list in cleartext over SMB, which allows attackers to (1) obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network or (2) conduct man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks via unspecified vectors. The customer list contains each customer\u0027s full name, social security number (SSN), address, job title, phone number, Email address, spouse\u0027s phone/Email address, and other sensitive information. After the client software authenticates to the server database, the server sends the customer list. There is no need for further exploitation as all sensitive data is exposed. This vulnerability was validated on Intuit Lacerte 2017, however older versions of Lacerte may be vulnerable.",
  "id": "GHSA-xggm-6fj3-47w2",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:49:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11338"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://corporateblue.com/your-taxes-are-being-leaked"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.themikewylie.com/intuit-lacerte-vulnerability-and-data-exposure-cve-2018-11338-cve-2018-14833"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XGXJ-CFPH-MM49

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-19 15:30 – Updated: 2022-12-27 18:30
VLAI
Details

** DISPUTED ** A vulnerability was found in whohas. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Package Information Handler. The manipulation leads to cleartext transmission of sensitive information. The attack may be initiated remotely. The real existence of this vulnerability is still doubted at the moment. The name of the patch is 667c3e2e9178f15c23d7918b5db25cd0792c8472. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216251. NOTE: Most sources redirect to the encrypted site which limits the possibilities of an attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4258"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-19T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "** DISPUTED ** A vulnerability was found in whohas. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Package Information Handler. The manipulation leads to cleartext transmission of sensitive information. The attack may be initiated remotely. The real existence of this vulnerability is still doubted at the moment. The name of the patch is 667c3e2e9178f15c23d7918b5db25cd0792c8472. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216251. NOTE: Most sources redirect to the encrypted site which limits the possibilities of an attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-xgxj-cfph-mm49",
  "modified": "2022-12-27T18:30:20Z",
  "published": "2022-12-19T15:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/whohas/whohas/commit/667c3e2e9178f15c23d7918b5db25cd0792c8472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.216251"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XHCR-CQFR-M3HV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-17 21:49 – Updated: 2026-08-17 21:49
VLAI
Summary
atomic-agents-stack: HTTP MCP catalog accepts cleartext http and spawns catalog-supplied commands (MITM to RCE)
Details

The HTTP MCP server-registry backend factory (atomic_agents/mcp_registry/http.py, make_http_mcp_server_registry_backend_from_url) accepts both http and https schemes. Catalog entries carry command/args that are type-validated but content-unrestricted, and are later spawned as local stdio subprocesses by MCPClientPool. Over a cleartext http:// catalog URL, a network man-in-the-middle can rewrite the catalog response to inject an arbitrary command/args and obtain code execution on the agent host, with no LLM involvement. The Policy MCP allowlist is not a default mitigation (mcp_allow_fn defaults to None), so absent an operator-authored allowlist every resolved spec connects.

Affected: mcp_registry/http.py, all versions through 1.0.0. (The https path is sound: httpx defaults to verify=True, follow_redirects=False.)

Fix: require https by default and gate http:// behind a loud explicit opt-in. Defense-in-depth: allowlist the resolved command basename (or require confirmation) before any registry-sourced subprocess spawn. Document the consequence in spec/36.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "atomic-agents-stack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319",
      "CWE-494"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-17T21:49:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The HTTP MCP server-registry backend factory (`atomic_agents/mcp_registry/http.py`, `make_http_mcp_server_registry_backend_from_url`) accepts both `http` and `https` schemes. Catalog entries carry `command`/`args` that are type-validated but content-unrestricted, and are later spawned as local stdio subprocesses by `MCPClientPool`. Over a cleartext `http://` catalog URL, a network man-in-the-middle can rewrite the catalog response to inject an arbitrary `command`/`args` and obtain code execution on the agent host, with no LLM involvement. The Policy MCP allowlist is not a default mitigation (`mcp_allow_fn` defaults to None), so absent an operator-authored allowlist every resolved spec connects.\n\n**Affected:** `mcp_registry/http.py`, all versions through 1.0.0. (The `https` path is sound: `httpx` defaults to `verify=True`, `follow_redirects=False`.)\n\n**Fix:** require `https` by default and gate `http://` behind a loud explicit opt-in. Defense-in-depth: allowlist the resolved command basename (or require confirmation) before any registry-sourced subprocess spawn. Document the consequence in spec/36.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhcr-cqfr-m3hv",
  "modified": "2026-08-17T21:49:55Z",
  "published": "2026-08-17T21:49:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dep0we/atomic-agents-stack/security/advisories/GHSA-xhcr-cqfr-m3hv"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dep0we/atomic-agents-stack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dep0we/atomic-agents-stack/releases#release-v1.1.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "atomic-agents-stack: HTTP MCP catalog accepts cleartext http and spawns catalog-supplied commands (MITM to RCE)"
}

GHSA-XHJ7-3R6J-F89H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-19 21:30 – Updated: 2026-08-26 21:31
VLAI
Details

Download of code without integrity check, inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere, and cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in Ozols Grupa OZOLS on Windows caused by an abandoned auto-update domain. Affected component: the automatic update channel - OzolsSQL client update path, the _update SQL Server Agent job (@subsystem = N'ActiveScripting') and serv_update.vbs.

This issue affects OZOLS: before 1.1.1233.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22306"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T20:17:16Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Download of code without integrity check, inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere, and cleartext \ntransmission of sensitive information vulnerability in Ozols Grupa OZOLS\n on Windows caused by an\u00a0abandoned auto-update domain.\u00a0Affected\ncomponent: the automatic update channel -\u00a0OzolsSQL\u00a0client update path, the\u00a0\u003cdb\u003e_update\u00a0SQL Server Agent job (@subsystem = N\u0027ActiveScripting\u0027) and\u00a0serv_update.vbs.\n\nThis issue affects OZOLS: before 1.1.1233.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhj7-3r6j-f89h",
  "modified": "2026-08-26T21:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-08-19T21:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://offseq.com/en/research/ozols-cve-2026-22306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://offseq.com/en/research/ozols-cve-2026-22306/#s-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XHMG-MV86-W89P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-15 18:31
VLAI
Details

IBM QRadar Network Packet Capture 7.5 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques. IBM X-Force ID: 289858.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31905"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-311",
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM QRadar Network Packet Capture 7.5 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.  IBM X-Force ID:  289858.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhmg-mv86-w89p",
  "modified": "2024-08-15T18:31:51Z",
  "published": "2024-08-15T18:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/289858"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7160961"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XHP8-XQFF-CR9G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2023-11-16 15:30
VLAI
Details

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information between McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for Windows prior to 10.7.0 February 2021 Update and McAfee Global Threat Intelligence (GTI) servers using DNS allows a remote attacker to view the requests from ENS and responses from GTI over DNS. By gaining control of an intermediate DNS server or altering the network DNS configuration, it is possible for an attacker to intercept requests and send their own responses.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7308"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-15T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information between McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for Windows prior to 10.7.0 February 2021 Update and McAfee Global Threat Intelligence (GTI) servers using DNS allows a remote attacker to view the requests from ENS and responses from GTI over DNS. By gaining control of an intermediate DNS server or altering the network DNS configuration, it is possible for an attacker to intercept requests and send their own responses.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhp8-xqff-cr9g",
  "modified": "2023-11-16T15:30:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:47:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7308"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10354"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XHQG-J6G5-RP58

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2024-10-14 06:30
VLAI
Details

Hitron Technologies CODA-5310’s Telnet function transfers sensitive data in plaintext. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to access credentials of normal users and administrator.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30602"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-311",
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T11:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Hitron Technologies CODA-5310\u2019s Telnet function transfers sensitive data in plaintext. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to access credentials of normal users and administrator.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhqg-j6g5-rp58",
  "modified": "2024-10-14T06:30:42Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:15:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30602"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-7084-74e83-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJHW-6JX7-JR2F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-26 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-02 00:00
VLAI
Details

Delta Electronics DIAEnergie (Version 1.7.5 and prior) is vulnerable to cleartext transmission as the web application runs by default on HTTP. This could allow an attacker to remotely read transmitted information between the client and product.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-0988"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-25T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Delta Electronics DIAEnergie (Version 1.7.5 and prior) is vulnerable to cleartext transmission as the web application runs by default on HTTP. This could allow an attacker to remotely read transmitted information between the client and product.",
  "id": "GHSA-xjhw-6jx7-jr2f",
  "modified": "2022-04-02T00:00:31Z",
  "published": "2022-03-26T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-238-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XM2V-2MF7-36MM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 15:31 – Updated: 2025-09-15 15:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the method push.lite.avtech.com.AvtechLib.GetHttpsResponse in AVTECH EagleEyes Lite 2.0.0, the GetHttpsResponse method transmits sensitive information - including internal server URLs, account IDs, passwords, and device tokens - as plaintext query parameters over HTTPS

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-50110"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T14:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the method push.lite.avtech.com.AvtechLib.GetHttpsResponse in AVTECH EagleEyes Lite 2.0.0, the GetHttpsResponse method transmits sensitive information - including internal server URLs, account IDs, passwords, and device tokens - as plaintext query parameters over HTTPS",
  "id": "GHSA-xm2v-2mf7-36mm",
  "modified": "2025-09-15T15:31:24Z",
  "published": "2025-09-15T15:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shinyColumn/CVE-2025-50110"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XM4H-9VF3-J26J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 18:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Meraki could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to view confidential device information.

This vulnerability is due to a device configuration upload being performed over an insecure tunnel. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by conducting an on-path attack between the affected device and the Cisco Meraki Dashboard. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view sensitive device configuration information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20115"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T16:16:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Meraki could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to view confidential device information.\n\n This vulnerability is due to a device configuration upload being performed over an insecure tunnel. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by conducting an on-path attack between the affected device and the Cisco Meraki Dashboard. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view sensitive device configuration information.",
  "id": "GHSA-xm4h-9vf3-j26j",
  "modified": "2026-03-25T18:31:47Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T18:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20115"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-iosxe_infodis-6J847uEB"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.

Mitigation
Implementation

When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

Mitigation
Operation

Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-117: Interception

An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.