CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
4074 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V38P-XQMG-RFQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23The Glen Dimplex Deutschland GmbH implementation of the Carel pCOWeb configuration tool allows remote attackers to obtain access via an HTTP session on port 10000, as demonstrated by reading the modem password (which is 1234), or reconfiguring "party mode" or "vacation mode."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9484"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-01T07:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Glen Dimplex Deutschland GmbH implementation of the Carel pCOWeb configuration tool allows remote attackers to obtain access via an HTTP session on port 10000, as demonstrated by reading the modem password (which is 1234), or reconfiguring \"party mode\" or \"vacation mode.\"",
"id": "GHSA-v38p-xqmg-rfqf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@SergiuSechel/insecure-permissions-in-glen-dimplex-deutschland-gmbh-implementation-of-carel-pcoweb-configuration-ca3896f24835"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3J7-34XH-6G3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:50 – Updated: 2026-03-18 21:52Summary
A local process can capture the OpenClaw Gateway auth token from Chrome CDP probe traffic on loopback.
Details
Affected versions inject x-openclaw-relay-token for loopback CDP URLs, and CDP reachability probes send that header to /json/version.
If an attacker controls the probed loopback port, they can read that token and reuse it as Gateway bearer auth.
Relevant code paths (pre-fix):
- src/browser/extension-relay.ts (getChromeExtensionRelayAuthHeaders)
- src/browser/cdp.helpers.ts (getHeadersWithAuth)
- src/browser/chrome.ts (fetchChromeVersion)
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Latest published (at triage):
2026.2.21-2 - Vulnerable:
<= 2026.2.21-2 - Patched: >= 2026.2.22
Deployment Model Applicability
This does not change OpenClaw’s documented security model for standard single-owner installs (you own the machine/VPS and trust local processes under that OS account boundary). Risk is for non-standard shared-user/shared-host installs where an untrusted local user/process can race/bind the loopback relay port.
Impact
- Local credential disclosure.
- Follow-on impact depends on local deployment and enabled Gateway capabilities.
Fix Commit(s)
afa22acc4a09fdf32be8a167ae216bee85c30dad
Release Process Note
Patched version is set to >= 2026.2.22 for the published release.
OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.21-2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22174"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T21:50:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T02:16:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA local process can capture the OpenClaw Gateway auth token from Chrome CDP probe traffic on loopback.\n\n### Details\nAffected versions inject `x-openclaw-relay-token` for loopback CDP URLs, and CDP reachability probes send that header to `/json/version`.\nIf an attacker controls the probed loopback port, they can read that token and reuse it as Gateway bearer auth.\n\nRelevant code paths (pre-fix):\n- `src/browser/extension-relay.ts` (`getChromeExtensionRelayAuthHeaders`)\n- `src/browser/cdp.helpers.ts` (`getHeadersWithAuth`)\n- `src/browser/chrome.ts` (`fetchChromeVersion`)\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published (at triage): `2026.2.21-2`\n- Vulnerable: `\u003c= 2026.2.21-2`\n- Patched: \u003e= 2026.2.22\n\n### Deployment Model Applicability\nThis does **not** change OpenClaw\u2019s documented security model for standard single-owner installs (you own the machine/VPS and trust local processes under that OS account boundary).\nRisk is for **non-standard shared-user/shared-host installs** where an untrusted local user/process can race/bind the loopback relay port.\n\n### Impact\n- Local credential disclosure.\n- Follow-on impact depends on local deployment and enabled Gateway capabilities.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `afa22acc4a09fdf32be8a167ae216bee85c30dad`\n\n### Release Process Note\nPatched version is set to \u003e= 2026.2.22 for the published release.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-v3j7-34xh-6g3w",
"modified": "2026-03-18T21:52:16Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:50:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v3j7-34xh-6g3w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/afa22acc4a09fdf32be8a167ae216bee85c30dad"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-gateway-token-disclosure-via-chrome-cdp-probe"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw Loopback CDP probe can leak Gateway token to local listener"
}
GHSA-V3JG-JWWJ-VVX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:25Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-v3jg-jwwj-vvx4",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3P8-3PMX-MQCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-13 06:32 – Updated: 2025-10-13 06:32A vulnerability was found in ProjectsAndPrograms School Management System up to 6b6fae5426044f89c08d0dd101c7fa71f9042a59. This affects an unknown part. Performing manipulation results in missing authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11661"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-13T05:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in ProjectsAndPrograms School Management System up to 6b6fae5426044f89c08d0dd101c7fa71f9042a59. This affects an unknown part. Performing manipulation results in missing authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery",
"id": "GHSA-v3p8-3pmx-mqcm",
"modified": "2025-10-13T06:32:36Z",
"published": "2025-10-13T06:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qqy-123/cve/issues/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.328078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.328078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.665611"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3P8-J597-3XG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-22 16:28Apache Hive before 3.1.3 CREATE and DROP function operations do not check for necessary authorization of involved entities in the query. It was found that an unauthorized user can manipulate an existing UDF without having the privileges to do so. This allowed unauthorized or underprivileged users to drop and recreate UDFs pointing them to new jars that could be potentially malicious.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.hive:hive"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-21T21:37:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-16T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache Hive before 3.1.3 `CREATE` and `DROP` function operations do not check for necessary authorization of involved entities in the query. It was found that an unauthorized user can manipulate an existing UDF without having the privileges to do so. This allowed unauthorized or underprivileged users to drop and recreate UDFs pointing them to new jars that could be potentially malicious.",
"id": "GHSA-v3p8-j597-3xg8",
"modified": "2022-07-22T16:28:26Z",
"published": "2022-07-17T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34538"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/hive"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/oqqgnhz4c6nxsfd0xstosnk0g15f7354"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Hive before 3.1.3 `CREATE` and `DROP` function operations do not check for necessary authorization."
}
GHSA-V3R5-HC9J-49G7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31PACSgear PACS Scan 5.2.1 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to read and write arbitrary files by exploiting an exposed .NET Remoting TCP service on port 22222 via PGImageExchQueue.exe without any authentication requirement. Attackers can chain the arbitrary file write primitive with DLL hijacking in PGImageExchangeQueueSvc.exe, which loads missing DLLs such as CRYPTSP.DLL from the application directory, to achieve remote code execution as NT Authority\SYSTEM upon service restart.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58126"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T16:16:51Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "PACSgear PACS Scan 5.2.1 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to read and write arbitrary files by exploiting an exposed .NET Remoting TCP service on port 22222 via PGImageExchQueue.exe without any authentication requirement. Attackers can chain the arbitrary file write primitive with DLL hijacking in PGImageExchangeQueueSvc.exe, which loads missing DLLs such as CRYPTSP.DLL from the application directory, to achieve remote code execution as NT Authority\\SYSTEM upon service restart.",
"id": "GHSA-v3r5-hc9j-49g7",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:50Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T18:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/VAMorales/6dc232729cdd517fa30d581fbcd98d8f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hyland.com/en/solutions/products/pacsgear"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pacsgear-pacs-scan-unauthenticated-rce-via-net-remoting-tcp-service"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3X9-33C3-3V3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-02 12:30The vulnerability enables an attacker to fully bypass authentication in CGM CLININET and gain access to any active user account by supplying only the username, without requiring a password or any other credentials. Obtaining a session ID is sufficient for session takeover and grants access to the system with the privileges of the targeted user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30035"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-02T12:16:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The vulnerability enables an attacker to fully bypass authentication in CGM CLININET and gain access to any active user account by supplying only the username, without requiring a password or any other credentials. Obtaining a session ID is sufficient for session takeover and grants access to the system with the privileges of the targeted user.",
"id": "GHSA-v3x9-33c3-3v3m",
"modified": "2026-03-02T12:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/03/CVE-2025-10350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.cgm.com/pol_pl/products/szpital/cgm-clininet.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V435-3JG8-VQ2R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-29 00:01When connecting to a certain port Axeda agent (All versions) and Axeda Desktop Server for Windows (All versions) may allow an attacker to send certain XML messages to a specific port without proper authentication. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to read and modify the affected product’s configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25251"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-16T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "When connecting to a certain port Axeda agent (All versions) and Axeda Desktop Server for Windows (All versions) may allow an attacker to send certain XML messages to a specific port without proper authentication. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to read and modify the affected product\u2019s configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-v435-3jg8-vq2r",
"modified": "2022-03-29T00:01:39Z",
"published": "2022-03-17T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-067-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article/CS363561"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V44R-R7PP-7R2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-23 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-02 18:30ONLYOFFICE all versions as of 2021-11-08 is affected by Incorrect Access Control. An authentication bypass in the document editor allows attackers to edit documents without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43447"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-23T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ONLYOFFICE all versions as of 2021-11-08 is affected by Incorrect Access Control. An authentication bypass in the document editor allows attackers to edit documents without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-v44r-r7pp-7r2w",
"modified": "2025-04-02T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-01-23T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43447"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE/server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.nettitude.com/blog/exploiting-onlyoffice-web-sockets-for-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.onlyoffice.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V49W-FXHF-64XF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-v49w-fxhf-64xf",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.