Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-306

Allowed

Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

4972 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CPVV-MCG6-X5F6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-31 00:30 – Updated: 2025-10-31 00:30
VLAI
Details

Anheng Mingyu Operation and Maintenance Audit and Risk Control System up to 2023-08-10 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the xmlrpc.sock handler. The product accepts specially crafted XML-RPC requests that can be used to instruct the server to connect to internal unix socket RPC endpoints and perform privileged XML-RPC methods. An attacker able to send such requests can invoke administrative RPC methods via the unix socket interface to create arbitrary user accounts on the system, resulting in account creation and potential takeover of the bastion host. VulnCheck has observed this vulnerability being exploited in the wild as of 2025-10-30 at 00:30:17.837319 UTC.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-7325"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-30T22:15:44Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Anheng Mingyu Operation and Maintenance Audit and Risk Control System up to 2023-08-10 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the xmlrpc.sock handler. The product accepts specially crafted XML-RPC requests that can be used to instruct the server to connect to internal unix socket RPC endpoints\u00a0and perform privileged XML-RPC methods. An attacker able to send such requests can invoke administrative RPC methods via the unix socket interface to create arbitrary user accounts on the system, resulting in account creation and potential takeover of the bastion host.\u00a0VulnCheck has observed this vulnerability being exploited in the wild as of 2025-10-30 at 00:30:17.837319 UTC.",
  "id": "GHSA-cpvv-mcg6-x5f6",
  "modified": "2025-10-31T00:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-10-31T00:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7325"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cn-sec.com/archives/1947658.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PeiQi0/PeiQi-WIKI-Book/blob/main/docs/wiki/iot/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%92/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%92%20%E6%98%8E%E5%BE%A1%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8E%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%20xmlrpc.sock%20%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mingyu-operations-and-maintenance-audit-and-risk-control-system-xmirpc-sock-ssrf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CPW3-6QGH-MMPQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-15 12:31 – Updated: 2026-10-15 12:31
VLAI
Details

A missing authentication for critical function vulnerability has been reported to affect HybridDesk Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to gain access to the system.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: HybridDesk Station 4.2.22 and later

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39997"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-15T10:17:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A missing authentication for critical function vulnerability has been reported to affect HybridDesk Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to gain access to the system.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nHybridDesk Station 4.2.22 and later",
  "id": "GHSA-cpw3-6qgh-mmpq",
  "modified": "2026-10-15T12:31:01Z",
  "published": "2026-10-15T12:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39997"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/app-release-notes?keyword=HybridDesk%20Station\u0026app=HD_Station\u0026product-line=nas"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CQ7J-XRQX-94HG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00
VLAI
Details

In D-link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04.img,the network can be reset without authentication via /goform/setMAC.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36619"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-31T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In D-link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04.img,the network can be reset without authentication via /goform/setMAC.",
  "id": "GHSA-cq7j-xrqx-94hg",
  "modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:16Z",
  "published": "2022-09-01T00:00:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36619"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/z1r00/IOT_Vul/blob/main/dlink/Dir816/setmac/readme.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CQVM-V5M7-9V85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the Redis implementation used by the Cisco Policy Suite for Mobile and Cisco Policy Suite Diameter Routing Agent software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to modify key-value pairs for short-lived events stored by the Redis server. The vulnerability is due to improper authentication when accessing the Redis server. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by modifying key-value pairs stored within the Redis server database. An exploit could allow the attacker to reduce the efficiency of the Cisco Policy Suite for Mobile and Cisco Policy Suite Diameter Routing Agent software.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-0181"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-01-10T00:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the Redis implementation used by the Cisco Policy Suite for Mobile and Cisco Policy Suite Diameter Routing Agent software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to modify key-value pairs for short-lived events stored by the Redis server. The vulnerability is due to improper authentication when accessing the Redis server. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by modifying key-value pairs stored within the Redis server database. An exploit could allow the attacker to reduce the efficiency of the Cisco Policy Suite for Mobile and Cisco Policy Suite Diameter Routing Agent software.",
  "id": "GHSA-cqvm-v5m7-9v85",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:35:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0181"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190109-cps-redis"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106547"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CR29-WJP4-GR5R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-02 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

An information disclosure vulnerability exists in Ruijie NBR series routers (known to affect NBR2000G, NBR1300G, and NBR1000 models) via the /WEB_VMS/LEVEL15/ endpoint. By crafting a specific POST request with modified Cookie headers and specially formatted parameters, an unauthenticated attacker can retrieve administrative account credentials in plaintext. This flaw allows direct disclosure of sensitive user data due to improper authentication checks and insecure backend logic.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-02T14:15:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists in Ruijie NBR series routers (known to affect\u00a0NBR2000G, NBR1300G, and NBR1000 models)\u00a0via the /WEB_VMS/LEVEL15/ endpoint. By crafting a specific POST request with modified Cookie headers and specially formatted parameters, an unauthenticated attacker can retrieve administrative account credentials in plaintext. This flaw allows direct disclosure of sensitive user data due to improper authentication checks and insecure backend logic.",
  "id": "GHSA-cr29-wjp4-gr5r",
  "modified": "2025-11-13T21:31:18Z",
  "published": "2025-07-02T15:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/ruijie-nbr-router-administrative-credential-disclosure"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vulners.com/seebug/SSV:89107"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-89107"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CR9W-4P8W-56H8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:30
VLAI
Details

WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling attackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate data sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station identifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger. Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege escalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and corruption of charging network data reported to the backend.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27772"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T00:16:58Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling \nattackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate \ndata sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the\n OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station \nidentifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger.\n Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege \nescalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and \ncorruption of charging network data reported to the backend.",
  "id": "GHSA-cr9w-4p8w-56h8",
  "modified": "2026-03-05T21:30:27Z",
  "published": "2026-02-27T00:31:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-057-07.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-057-07"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ev.energy/en-us"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CR9W-RX83-M757

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-06 21:32 – Updated: 2026-10-06 21:32
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in an API interface of ClearPass Policy Manager could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to circumvent existing authentication controls. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information from the affected system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-79818"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-06T20:17:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in an API interface of ClearPass Policy Manager could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to circumvent existing authentication controls. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information from the affected system.",
  "id": "GHSA-cr9w-rx83-m757",
  "modified": "2026-10-06T21:32:03Z",
  "published": "2026-10-06T21:32:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79818"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw05158en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CRC2-Q53J-P7J9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via SAML to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-60206"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:21Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and  15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via SAML to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server.  While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change).  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-crc2-q53j-p7j9",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:24Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60206"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CRHJ-FRP3-X49W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-24 00:00 – Updated: 2021-11-30 00:00
VLAI
Details

Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in debug_post_set.cgi of D-Link DWR-932C E1 firmware allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute administrative actions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-42783"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-23T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in debug_post_set.cgi of D-Link DWR-932C E1 firmware allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute administrative actions.",
  "id": "GHSA-crhj-frp3-x49w",
  "modified": "2021-11-30T00:00:54Z",
  "published": "2021-11-24T00:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42783"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10246"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-CRHP-6474-J87M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-11 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-11 21:31
VLAI
Details

A missing authentication vulnerability was reported in some Lenovo printers that could allow a user to view limited device information or modify network settings via the CUPS service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9214"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-11T19:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing authentication vulnerability was reported in some Lenovo printers that could allow a user to view limited device information or modify network settings via the CUPS service.",
  "id": "GHSA-crhp-6474-j87m",
  "modified": "2025-09-11T21:31:55Z",
  "published": "2025-09-11T21:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://iknow.lenovo.com.cn/detail/431734"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
  • Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
  • In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
  • In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].

CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values

An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.

CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation

An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.