CWE-295
AllowedImproper Certificate Validation
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
2375 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4XQV-2FH4-RRC6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:45 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:37The FOREX.com FOREXTrader for iPhone app 2.9.12 through 2.9.14 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-05T07:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The FOREX.com FOREXTrader for iPhone app 2.9.12 through 2.9.14 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
"id": "GHSA-4xqv-2fh4-rrc6",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:37:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:45:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40chronic_9612/follow-up-76-popular-apps-confirmed-vulnerable-to-silent-interception-of-tls-protected-data-64185035029f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@chronic_9612/follow-up-76-popular-apps-confirmed-vulnerable-to-silent-interception-of-tls-protected-data-64185035029f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5244-5VQH-QWMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42ELECOM WRC-300FEBK-S contains an improper certificate validation vulnerability. Via a man-in-the-middle attack, an attacker may alter the communication response. As a result, an arbitrary OS command may be executed on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20649"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-12T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ELECOM WRC-300FEBK-S contains an improper certificate validation vulnerability. Via a man-in-the-middle attack, an attacker may alter the communication response. As a result, an arbitrary OS command may be executed on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-5244-5vqh-qwmc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20649"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN47580234/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elecom.co.jp/news/security/20210126-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-524Q-MW44-GX36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-11 21:31Due to a lack of certificate validation, all traffic from the mobile application can be intercepted. As a result, an adversary located "upstream" can decrypt the TLS traffic, inspect its contents, and modify the requests in transit. This may result in a total compromise of the user's account if the attacker intercepts a request with active authentication tokens or cracks the MD5 hash sent on login.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T21:16:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Due to a lack of certificate validation, all traffic from the mobile application can be intercepted. As a result, an adversary located \"upstream\" can decrypt the TLS traffic, inspect its contents, and modify the requests in transit. This may result in a total compromise of the user\u0027s account if the attacker intercepts a request with active authentication tokens or cracks the MD5 hash sent on login.",
"id": "GHSA-524q-mw44-gx36",
"modified": "2025-12-11T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-12-10T21:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/dead1nfluence/4dffc239b4a460f41a03345fd8e5feb5#file-lack-of-certificate-pinning-md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dead1nfluence/Meatmeet-Pro-Vulnerabilities/blob/main/Mobile-Application/Lack-of-Certificate-Pinning.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-528J-3V52-48QW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 00:31 – Updated: 2026-10-13 00:31IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 can allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to present a forged TLS certificate, intercept the connection, and capture the IAM bearer Authorization header automatically attached by the session adapter. The captured token grants full platform-scope tenant API access, enabling the attacker to read and manipulate the victim's DataStage projects, flows, assets, and pipeline definitions. This is client-side SDK code running on the user's own machine, so exploitation requires an external network interceptor rather than a co-tenant in the shared cluster.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-84418"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-12T23:17:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 can allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to present a forged TLS certificate, intercept the connection, and capture the IAM bearer Authorization header automatically attached by the session adapter. The captured token grants full platform-scope tenant API access, enabling the attacker to read and manipulate the victim\u0027s DataStage projects, flows, assets, and pipeline definitions. This is client-side SDK code running on the user\u0027s own machine, so exploitation requires an external network interceptor rather than a co-tenant in the shared cluster.",
"id": "GHSA-528j-3v52-48qw",
"modified": "2026-10-13T00:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T00:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7288649"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52R7-JQCR-M8H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-05 03:30 – Updated: 2026-10-05 03:30maclof kubernetes-client 0.17.0 before 0.32.0 disables TLS certificate verification in parseKubeconfig() and parseKubeconfigFile() when a kubeconfig lacks certificate-authority-data, ignoring insecure-skip-tls-verify. On-path attackers can impersonate the Kubernetes API server to capture Bearer tokens or Basic credentials and tamper with WebSocket or REST API traffic.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-105223"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-05T01:16:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "maclof kubernetes-client 0.17.0 before 0.32.0 disables TLS certificate verification in parseKubeconfig() and parseKubeconfigFile() when a kubeconfig lacks certificate-authority-data, ignoring insecure-skip-tls-verify. On-path attackers can impersonate the Kubernetes API server to capture Bearer tokens or Basic credentials and tamper with WebSocket or REST API traffic.",
"id": "GHSA-52r7-jqcr-m8h9",
"modified": "2026-10-05T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2026-10-05T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-105223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maclof/kubernetes-client/issues/135"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maclof/kubernetes-client/commit/924c0b935fa538ed6b4b0948127609e99d0e6f34"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maclof/kubernetes-client"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maclof/kubernetes-client/blob/0.31.0/src/Client.php#L309-L312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maclof/kubernetes-client/releases/tag/0.32.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/maclof-kubernetes-client-0.17.0-before-0.32.0-disabled-tls-certificate-verification"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5327-Q2RH-5X5W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-19 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-19 21:31MicroWorld eScan AV's update mechanism failed to ensure authenticity and integrity of updates: update packages were delivered and accepted without robust cryptographic verification. As a result, an on-path attacker could perform a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack and substitute malicious update payloads for legitimate ones. The eScan AV client accepted these substituted packages and executed or loaded their components (including sideloaded DLLs and Java/installer payloads), enabling remote code execution on affected systems. MicroWorld eScan confirmed remediation of the update mechanism on 2023-07-31 but versioning details are unavailable. NOTE: MicroWorld eScan disputes the characterization in third-party reports, stating the issue relates to 2018–2019 and that controls were implemented then.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13990"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-19T19:15:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "MicroWorld eScan AV\u0027s update mechanism failed to ensure authenticity and integrity of updates: update packages were delivered and accepted without robust cryptographic verification. As a result, an on-path attacker could perform a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack and substitute malicious update payloads for legitimate ones. The eScan AV client accepted these substituted packages and executed or loaded their components (including sideloaded DLLs and Java/installer payloads), enabling remote code execution on affected systems. MicroWorld eScan confirmed remediation of the update mechanism on 2023-07-31 but versioning details are unavailable. NOTE: MicroWorld eScan disputes the characterization in third-party reports, stating the issue relates to 2018\u20132019 and that controls were implemented then.",
"id": "GHSA-5327-q2rh-5x5w",
"modified": "2025-09-19T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2025-09-19T21:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/04/hackers-infect-users-of-antivirus-service-that-delivered-updates-over-http"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.avast.com/leading-the-charge-against-guptiminer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityaffairs.com/162228/breaking-news/escan-antivirus-mitm-attack.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thehackernews.com/2024/04/escan-antivirus-update-mechanism.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-hijack-antivirus-updates-to-drop-guptiminer-malware"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.escanav.com/en/about-us/eScan-update-advisory.asp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gendigital.com/blog/insights/research/guptiminer-hijacking-antivirus-updates-for-distributing-backdoors-and-casual-mining"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/microworld-escan-av-insecure-update-mechanism-allows-mitm-replacement-of-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-532W-FQVR-QJ43
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:47 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:47The 105 BANK app 1.0 and 1.1 for Android and 1.0 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-21T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The 105 BANK app 1.0 and 1.1 for Android and 1.0 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
"id": "GHSA-532w-fqvr-qj43",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:47:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:47:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN11877654/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/en/contents/2016/JVNDB-2016-000065.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-533G-6748-WXW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-05 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-06 15:31In Modem, there is a possible permission bypass due to improper certificate validation. This could lead to remote information disclosure, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01334347; Issue ID: MSV-2772.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20670"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-05T03:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Modem, there is a possible permission bypass due to improper certificate validation. This could lead to remote information disclosure, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01334347; Issue ID: MSV-2772.",
"id": "GHSA-533g-6748-wxw7",
"modified": "2025-05-06T15:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-05-05T03:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/May-2025"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-536G-66VG-C27F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-28 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 21:31IBM TS4500 CLI tool Versions: 0.1.31 through 1.12.0.0 does not validate or improperly validates TLS certificate validation, which could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16107"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-28T20:17:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM TS4500 CLI tool Versions:\u00a0 0.1.31 through 1.12.0.0 does not validate or improperly validates TLS certificate validation, which could allow\u00a0an attacker to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.",
"id": "GHSA-536g-66vg-c27f",
"modified": "2026-07-28T21:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-07-28T21:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280583"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-53RM-7GR9-9HFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:49The apt package in Debian jessie before 1.0.9.8.4, in Debian unstable before 1.4~beta2, in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS before 1.0.1ubuntu2.17, in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS before 1.2.15ubuntu0.2, and in Ubuntu 16.10 before 1.3.2ubuntu0.1 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to bypass a repository-signing protection mechanism by leveraging improper error handling when validating InRelease file signatures.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1252"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-05T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The apt package in Debian jessie before 1.0.9.8.4, in Debian unstable before 1.4~beta2, in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS before 1.0.1ubuntu2.17, in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS before 1.2.15ubuntu0.2, and in Ubuntu 16.10 before 1.3.2ubuntu0.1 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to bypass a repository-signing protection mechanism by leveraging improper error handling when validating InRelease file signatures.",
"id": "GHSA-53rm-7gr9-9hfx",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:49:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1647467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/140145/apt-Repository-Signing-Bypass.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3156-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
Mitigation
If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.