Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-294

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).

348 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5V69-G2M3-3HQ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 18:30
VLAI
Details

Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not consistently enforce OAuth2 authorization code expiry and single-use behavior during token exchange.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26232"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T21:16:58Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not consistently enforce OAuth2 authorization code expiry and single-use behavior during token exchange.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v69-g2m3-3hq3",
  "modified": "2026-07-07T18:30:34Z",
  "published": "2026-07-03T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26232"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36851"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5V72-37VR-WHGX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:53
VLAI
Details

Gemalto DS3 Authentication Server 2.6.1-SP01 has Broken Access Control.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9158"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-05T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Gemalto DS3 Authentication Server 2.6.1-SP01 has Broken Access Control.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v72-37vr-whgx",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:53:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:47:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9158"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sec-consult.com/en/vulnerability-lab/advisories/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/May/6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5X9F-6VG5-QG4M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 15:25 – Updated: 2026-06-05 15:25
VLAI
Summary
Omni has a TOCTOU race condition that allows multiple concurrent uses of a single-use SAML session token
Details

Summary

SAML.getSession (internal/pkg/auth/interceptor/saml.go) checks the Used flag on a SAMLAssertion resource and then marks it used in two separate state operations. Because the check and the update are not atomic, concurrent requests carrying the same saml-session token can both observe Used == false, both pass validation, and both return a successful authentication context. An attacker who obtains a valid saml-session token can exploit this window to authenticate as the token's owner multiple times, defeating the one-time-use guarantee.

Severity

  • Attack Vector: Local: the attacker needs to either be able to intercept the local, unencrypted traffic or needs access to user's browser.
  • Attack Complexity: High: the attacker must first obtain a valid saml-session token belonging to the victim (requires a separate interception step; the token is ephemeral and single-use by design).
  • Privileges Required: None: no Omni account is required to carry out the race once the session token is in hand.
  • User Interaction: Required: the victim must initiate a SAML authentication flow to produce the session token that the attacker intercepts.
  • Scope: Unchanged: the impact stays within Omni's authorization boundary.
  • Confidentiality Impact: High: successful exploitation authenticates the attacker as the victim's email identity, granting read access to any resource accessible to that identity.
  • Integrity Impact: High: the attacker can confirm one or more public keys under the victim's identity (via ConfirmPublicKey), establishing persistent access credentials tied to the victim's account.
  • Availability Impact: High: if the attacker can successfully perform the attack and if the victim is a privileged Omni user, e.g., an Omni Operator or Admin, they can take Omni down.

Impact

  • Session replay: A stolen saml-session token can be used more than once, defeating its single-use guarantee.
  • Multiple public key confirmations: An attacker who steals the session can confirm N attacker-controlled public keys under the victim's identity in a single stolen session window, creating N persistent long-lived API credentials tied to the victim's account.
  • Authentication as victim: Any gRPC endpoint gated by the SAML interceptor can be reached as the victim's email identity during the race window.
  • Audit log pollution: Each raced call generates an audit entry attributed to the victim's email, obscuring the attacker's actions.

Credit

This vulnerability was discovered and reported by bugbunny.ai.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/siderolabs/omni"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/siderolabs/omni"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.7.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45720"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294",
      "CWE-367"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T15:25:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`SAML.getSession` (`internal/pkg/auth/interceptor/saml.go`) checks the `Used` flag on a `SAMLAssertion` resource and then marks it used in two separate state operations. Because the check and the update are not atomic, concurrent requests carrying the same `saml-session` token can both observe `Used == false`, both pass validation, and both return a successful authentication context. An attacker who obtains a valid `saml-session` token can exploit this window to authenticate as the token\u0027s owner multiple times, defeating the one-time-use guarantee.\n\n## Severity\n\n- **Attack Vector:** Local: the attacker needs to either be able to intercept the local, unencrypted traffic or needs access to user\u0027s browser.\n- **Attack Complexity:** High: the attacker must first obtain a valid `saml-session` token belonging to the victim (requires a separate interception step; the token is ephemeral and single-use by design).\n- **Privileges Required:** None: no Omni account is required to carry out the race once the session token is in hand.\n- **User Interaction:** Required: the victim must initiate a SAML authentication flow to produce the session token that the attacker intercepts.\n- **Scope:** Unchanged: the impact stays within Omni\u0027s authorization boundary.\n- **Confidentiality Impact:** High: successful exploitation authenticates the attacker as the victim\u0027s email identity, granting read access to any resource accessible to that identity.\n- **Integrity Impact:** High: the attacker can confirm one or more public keys under the victim\u0027s identity (via `ConfirmPublicKey`), establishing persistent access credentials tied to the victim\u0027s account.\n- **Availability Impact:** High: if the attacker can successfully perform the attack and if the victim is a privileged Omni user, e.g., an Omni Operator or Admin, they can take Omni down.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Session replay**: A stolen `saml-session` token can be used more than once, defeating its single-use guarantee.\n- **Multiple public key confirmations**: An attacker who steals the session can confirm N attacker-controlled public keys under the victim\u0027s identity in a single stolen session window, creating N persistent long-lived API credentials tied to the victim\u0027s account.\n- **Authentication as victim**: Any gRPC endpoint gated by the SAML interceptor can be reached as the victim\u0027s email identity during the race window.\n- **Audit log pollution**: Each raced call generates an audit entry attributed to the victim\u0027s email, obscuring the attacker\u0027s actions.\n\n## Credit\n\nThis vulnerability was discovered and reported by [bugbunny.ai](https://bugbunny.ai).",
  "id": "GHSA-5x9f-6vg5-qg4m",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T15:25:28Z",
  "published": "2026-06-05T15:25:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/security/advisories/GHSA-5x9f-6vg5-qg4m"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/siderolabs/omni"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/releases/tag/v1.6.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/releases/tag/v1.7.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Omni has a TOCTOU race condition that allows multiple concurrent uses of a single-use SAML session token"
}

GHSA-67RR-CRQ7-MCJF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-21 09:30 – Updated: 2024-07-21 09:30
VLAI
Details

D-Link -

CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38438"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-21T08:15:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "D-Link - \n\nCWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
  "id": "GHSA-67rr-crq7-mcjf",
  "modified": "2024-07-21T09:30:32Z",
  "published": "2024-07-21T09:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38438"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/faq/cve_advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-69WX-XW2J-JGV8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-01 00:00
VLAI
Details

The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) receiving unit on certain Honda vehicles through 2018 allows remote attackers to perform unlock operations and force a resynchronization after capturing five consecutive valid RKE signals over the radio, aka a RollBack attack. The attacker retains the ability to unlock indefinitely.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-37305"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-24T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) receiving unit on certain Honda vehicles through 2018 allows remote attackers to perform unlock operations and force a resynchronization after capturing five consecutive valid RKE signals over the radio, aka a RollBack attack. The attacker retains the ability to unlock indefinitely.",
  "id": "GHSA-69wx-xw2j-jgv8",
  "modified": "2022-09-01T00:00:24Z",
  "published": "2022-08-25T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37305"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackaday.com/2022/08/17/rollback-breaks-into-your-car"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/codex/rollback-a-new-time-agnostic-replay-attack-against-the-automotive-remote-keyless-entry-systems-df5f99ba9490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/us-22/briefings/schedule/#rollback---a-new-time-agnostic-replay-attack-against-the-automotive-remote-keyless-entry-systems-27185"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pcmag.com/news/is-your-car-key-fob-vulnerable-to-this-simple-replay-attack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYodcy84oQL1gxwiuRm13xRXxTQL9cO5t"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6J28-3XH9-GCMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

Improper Authorization vulnerability in Netop Vision Pro up to and including to 9.7.1 allows an attacker to replay network traffic.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27195"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-25T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authorization vulnerability in Netop Vision Pro up to and including to 9.7.1 allows an attacker to replay network traffic.",
  "id": "GHSA-6j28-3xh9-gcmg",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:45:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27195"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/netop-vision-pro-distance-learning-software-is-20-20-in-hindsight"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6QCX-QHC9-RHCR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-06 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-06 15:31
VLAI
Details

A weakness identified in OpenText Advanced Authentication where a Malicious browser plugin can record and replay the user authentication process to bypass Authentication. This issue affects Advanced Authentication on or before 6.5.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8616"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-06T14:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A weakness identified in OpenText Advanced Authentication where a\u00a0Malicious browser plugin can record and replay the user authentication process to bypass Authentication. This issue affects Advanced Authentication on or before 6.5.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-6qcx-qhc9-rhcr",
  "modified": "2025-08-06T15:31:27Z",
  "published": "2025-08-06T15:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://staging.docs.microfocus.com/doc/42/main/advancedauthentication6504"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6R2C-458P-644H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:24 – Updated: 2023-01-31 18:30
VLAI
Details

GoAhead before 5.1.2 mishandles the nonce value during Digest authentication. This may permit request replay attacks for local requests over HTTP.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15688"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-07-23T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "GoAhead before 5.1.2 mishandles the nonce value during Digest authentication. This may permit request replay attacks for local requests over HTTP.",
  "id": "GHSA-6r2c-458p-644h",
  "modified": "2023-01-31T18:30:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:24:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/embedthis/goahead-gpl/issues/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159505/EmbedThis-GoAhead-Web-Server-5.1.1-Digest-Authentication-Capture-Replay-Nonce-Reuse.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RCJ-VXJG-F6MW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-14 00:00
VLAI
Details

Joy ebike Wolf Manufacturing year 2022 is vulnerable to Denial of service, which allows remote attackers to jam the key fob request via RF.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-30467"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-29T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Joy ebike Wolf Manufacturing year 2022 is vulnerable to Denial of service, which allows remote attackers to jam the key fob request via RF.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rcj-vxjg-f6mw",
  "modified": "2022-07-14T00:00:20Z",
  "published": "2022-06-30T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30467"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nsbogam/ebike-jammer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nsbogam/ebike-jammer/blob/main/README.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6W4V-QR4M-97GG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-09 21:15
VLAI
Summary
Multi-Factor Authentication issue in Laravel Fortify
Details

Laravel Fortify before 1.11.1 allows reuse within a short time window, thus calling into question the "OT" part of the "TOTP" concept.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "laravel/fortify"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.11.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25838"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-25T19:12:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-24T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Laravel Fortify before 1.11.1 allows reuse within a short time window, thus calling into question the \"OT\" part of the \"TOTP\" concept.",
  "id": "GHSA-6w4v-qr4m-97gg",
  "modified": "2022-03-09T21:15:50Z",
  "published": "2022-02-25T00:01:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25838"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/issues/201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/issues/201#issuecomment-1009282153"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/pull/357"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/pull/358"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/laravel/fortify/CVE-2022-25838.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6w4v-qr4m-97gg"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Multi-Factor Authentication issue in Laravel Fortify"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.