Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-3564 (GCVE-0-2025-3564)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-14 11:31 – Updated: 2025-04-14 13:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
huanfenz/code-projects StudentManager Teacher String improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in huanfenz/code-projects StudentManager up to 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the component Teacher String Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.304605 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.304605 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.549309 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/buluorifu/Vulnerability-recurr… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| huanfenz | StudentManager |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| code-projects | StudentManager |
Affected:
1.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-3550 (GCVE-0-2025-3550)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-14 03:31 – Updated: 2025-04-14 14:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wowjoy 浙江湖州华卓信息科技有限公司 Internet Doctor Workstation System detail improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in wowjoy 浙江湖州华卓信息科技有限公司 Internet Doctor Workstation System 1.0 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /v1/pushConfig/detail/. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.304591 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.304591 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.547789 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/38279/2/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wowjoy 浙江湖州华卓信息科技有限公司 | Internet Doctor Workstation System |
Affected:
1.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-3537 (GCVE-0-2025-3537)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-13 12:00 – Updated: 2025-04-14 19:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tutorials-Website Employee Management System update-user.php improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Tutorials-Website Employee Management System 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/update-user.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to improper authorization. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.304575 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.304575 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.545859 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.websecurityinsights.my.id/2025/03/tut… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tutorials-Website | Employee Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-3536 (GCVE-0-2025-3536)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-13 11:31 – Updated: 2025-04-14 19:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tutorials-Website Employee Management System delete-user.php improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Tutorials-Website Employee Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/delete-user.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to improper authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.304574 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.304574 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.545810 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.websecurityinsights.my.id/2025/03/tut… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tutorials-Website | Employee Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-3454 (GCVE-0-2025-3454)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-02 10:34 – Updated: 2025-06-02 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
This vulnerability in Grafana's datasource proxy API allows authorization checks to be bypassed by adding an extra slash character in the URL path.
Users with minimal permissions could gain unauthorized read access to GET endpoints in Alertmanager and Prometheus datasources.
The issue primarily affects datasources that implement route-specific permissions, including Alertmanager and certain Prometheus-based datasources.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grafana | Grafana |
Affected:
11.6.0 , < 11.6.0+security-01
(semver)
Affected: 11.5.0 , < 11.5.3+security-01 (semver) Affected: 11.4.0 , < 11.4.3+security-01 (semver) Affected: 11.3.0 , < 11.3.5+security-01 (semver) Affected: 11.2.0 , < 11.2.8+security-01 (semver) Affected: 10.4.0 , < 10.4.17+security-01 (semver) |
|
| Grafana | Grafana Enterprise |
Affected:
11.6.0 , < 11.6.0+security-01
(semver)
Affected: 11.5.0 , < 11.5.3+security-01 (semver) Affected: 11.4.0 , < 11.4.3+security-01 (semver) Affected: 11.3.0 , < 11.3.5+security-01 (semver) Affected: 11.2.0 , < 11.2.8+security-01 (semver) Affected: 10.4.0 , < 10.4.17+security-01 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-3202 (GCVE-0-2025-3202)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-04 02:31 – Updated: 2025-04-04 15:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ageerle ruoyi-ai SysNoticeController.java improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in ageerle ruoyi-ai up to 2.0.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file ruoyi-modules/ruoyi-system/src/main/java/org/ruoyi/system/controller/system/SysNoticeController.java. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 6382e177bf90cc56ff70521842409e35c50df32d. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.303156 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.303156 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.545866 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Tr0e/CVE_Hunter/blob/main/ruoy… | related |
| https://github.com/ageerle/ruoyi-ai/issues/44#iss… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ageerle/ruoyi-ai/commit/6382e1… | patch |
| https://github.com/ageerle/ruoyi-ai/releases/tag/v2.0.1 | patch |
Credits
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CVE-2025-3199 (GCVE-0-2025-3199)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-04 02:00 – Updated: 2025-04-04 20:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ageerle ruoyi-ai API Interface SysModelController.java improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in ageerle ruoyi-ai up to 2.0.1 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file ruoyi-modules/ruoyi-system/src/main/java/org/ruoyi/system/controller/system/SysModelController.java of the component API Interface. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.0.2 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is c0daf641fb25b244591b7a6c3affa35c69d321fe. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.303152 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.303152 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.545830 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Tr0e/CVE_Hunter/blob/main/ruoy… | related |
| https://github.com/ageerle/ruoyi-ai/issues/43#iss… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ageerle/ruoyi-ai/issues/43 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gwozai/ruoyi-ai/commit/c0daf64… | patch |
| https://github.com/ageerle/ruoyi-ai/releases/tag/v2.0.2 | patch |
Credits
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CVE-2025-3014 (GCVE-0-2025-3014)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 03:48 – Updated: 2025-03-31 13:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure direct object references (IDOR) in NightWolf Penetration Platform
Summary
Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in access control in Tracking 2.1.4 on NightWolf Penetration Testing allows an attacker to access via manipulating request parameters or object references.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FPT Software | NightWolf Penetration Platform |
Affected:
2.1.4
(custom)
Unaffected: 2.1.5 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-03-31 03:40
Credits
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CVE-2025-3013 (GCVE-0-2025-3013)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 03:40 – Updated: 2025-03-31 15:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure direct object references (IDOR) in NightWolf Penetration Platform
Summary
Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in access control in Customer Portal before 2.1.4 on NightWolf Penetration Testing allows an attacker to access via manipulating request parameters or object references.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FPT Software | NightWolf Penetration Platform |
Affected:
2.1.2 , ≤ 2.1.4
(custom)
Unaffected: 2.1.5 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-03-31 03:29
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CVE-2025-2850 (GCVE-0-2025-2850)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-26 07:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GL.iNet GL-A1300 Slate Plus Download Interface improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in GL.iNet GL-A1300 Slate Plus, GL-AR300M16 Shadow, GL-AR300M Shadow, GL-AR750 Creta, GL-AR750S-EXT Slate, GL-AX1800 Flint, GL-AXT1800 Slate AX, GL-B1300 Convexa-B, GL-B3000 Marble, GL-BE3600 Slate 7, GL-E750, GL-E750V2 Mudi, GL-MT300N-V2 Mango, GL-MT1300 Beryl, GL-MT2500 Brume 2, GL-MT3000 Beryl AX, GL-MT6000 Flint 2, GL-SFT1200 Opal, GL-X300B Collie, GL-X750 Spitz, GL-X3000 Spitz AX, GL-XE300 Puli and GL-XE3000 Puli AX 4.x. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Download Interface. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306287 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306287 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://www.gl-inet.com/security-updates/security… | patch |
Impacted products
23 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GL.iNet | GL-A1300 Slate Plus |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-AR300M16 Shadow |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-AR300M Shadow |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-AR750 Creta |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-AR750S-EXT Slate |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-AX1800 Flint |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-AXT1800 Slate AX |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-B1300 Convexa-B |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-B3000 Marble |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-BE3600 Slate 7 |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-E750 |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-E750V2 Mudi |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-MT300N-V2 Mango |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-MT1300 Beryl |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-MT2500 Brume 2 |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-MT3000 Beryl AX |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-MT6000 Flint 2 |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-SFT1200 Opal |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-X300B Collie |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-X750 Spitz |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-X3000 Spitz AX |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-XE300 Puli |
Affected:
4.x
|
|
| GL.iNet | GL-XE3000 Puli AX |
Affected:
4.x
|
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"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-AR300M16 Shadow",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-AR300M Shadow",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-AR750 Creta",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-AR750S-EXT Slate",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-AX1800 Flint",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-AXT1800 Slate AX",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-B1300 Convexa-B",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-B3000 Marble",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-BE3600 Slate 7",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-E750",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-E750V2 Mudi",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-MT300N-V2 Mango",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-MT1300 Beryl",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-MT2500 Brume 2",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-MT3000 Beryl AX",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-MT6000 Flint 2",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-SFT1200 Opal",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-X300B Collie",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-X750 Spitz",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-X3000 Spitz AX",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-XE300 Puli",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"Download Interface"
],
"product": "GL-XE3000 Puli AX",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.x"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in GL.iNet GL-A1300 Slate Plus, GL-AR300M16 Shadow, GL-AR300M Shadow, GL-AR750 Creta, GL-AR750S-EXT Slate, GL-AX1800 Flint, GL-AXT1800 Slate AX, GL-B1300 Convexa-B, GL-B3000 Marble, GL-BE3600 Slate 7, GL-E750, GL-E750V2 Mudi, GL-MT300N-V2 Mango, GL-MT1300 Beryl, GL-MT2500 Brume 2, GL-MT3000 Beryl AX, GL-MT6000 Flint 2, GL-SFT1200 Opal, GL-X300B Collie, GL-X750 Spitz, GL-X3000 Spitz AX, GL-XE300 Puli and GL-XE3000 Puli AX 4.x. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Download Interface. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "Eine Schwachstelle wurde in GL.iNet GL-A1300 Slate Plus, GL-AR300M16 Shadow, GL-AR300M Shadow, GL-AR750 Creta, GL-AR750S-EXT Slate, GL-AX1800 Flint, GL-AXT1800 Slate AX, GL-B1300 Convexa-B, GL-B3000 Marble, GL-BE3600 Slate 7, GL-E750, GL-E750V2 Mudi, GL-MT300N-V2 Mango, GL-MT1300 Beryl, GL-MT2500 Brume 2, GL-MT3000 Beryl AX, GL-MT6000 Flint 2, GL-SFT1200 Opal, GL-X300B Collie, GL-X750 Spitz, GL-X3000 Spitz AX, GL-XE300 Puli and GL-XE3000 Puli AX 4.x ausgemacht. Sie wurde als problematisch eingestuft. Dies betrifft einen unbekannten Teil der Komponente Download Interface. Durch die Manipulation mit unbekannten Daten kann eine improper authorization-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird das Einspielen eines Upgrades empfohlen."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 3.5,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 3.5,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 2.7,
"vectorString": "AV:A/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-285",
"description": "Improper Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-266",
"description": "Incorrect Privilege Assignment",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-26T07:31:03.631Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-306287 | GL.iNet GL-A1300 Slate Plus Download Interface improper authorization",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.306287"
},
{
"name": "VDB-306287 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306287"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.gl-inet.com/security-updates/security-advisories-vulnerabilities-and-cves-apr-24-2025/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-04-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-04-26T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-04-26T08:38:33.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "GL.iNet GL-A1300 Slate Plus Download Interface improper authorization"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-2850",
"datePublished": "2025-04-26T07:31:03.631Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-27T06:21:21.419Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-28T18:09:52.772Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.