CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2308 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MJ66-CM9J-J2JF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-15 00:00Improper authorization in Samsung Pass prior to 1.0.00.33 allows physical attackers to acess account list without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-07T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper authorization in Samsung Pass prior to 1.0.00.33 allows physical attackers to acess account list without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-mj66-cm9j-j2jf",
"modified": "2022-06-15T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-06-08T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/serviceWeb.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MJVP-PG3H-WH59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32A vulnerability in AnythingLLM Docker version 1.3.1 allows users with 'Default' permission to access other users' profile pictures by changing the 'id' parameter in the user cookie. This issue is present in versions prior to 1.3.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in AnythingLLM Docker version 1.3.1 allows users with \u0027Default\u0027 permission to access other users\u0027 profile pictures by changing the \u0027id\u0027 parameter in the user cookie. This issue is present in versions prior to 1.3.1.",
"id": "GHSA-mjvp-pg3h-wh59",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:44Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mintplex-labs/anything-llm/commit/696af19c45473172ad4d3ca749281800a4d1a45a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/98a49c90-e095-441f-900c-59d463dc8e8f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MM28-JJFM-W9MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 15:38 – Updated: 2026-05-09 00:31The Optoma CinemaX P2 projector (firmware TVOS-04.24.010.04.01, Android 8.0.0) exposes an HTTP API on TCP port 2345 that allows full unauthenticated remote control of the device. The API supports both reading configuration (74 endpoints) and writing/modifying settings including volume, mute, brightness, power, network protocols enable/disable (including TELNET), display modes, and other projector functions. Any device on the same network can control the projector without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-30496"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T14:16:02Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Optoma CinemaX P2 projector (firmware TVOS-04.24.010.04.01, Android 8.0.0) exposes an HTTP API on TCP port 2345 that allows full unauthenticated remote control of the device. The API supports both reading configuration (74 endpoints) and writing/modifying settings including volume, mute, brightness, power, network protocols enable/disable (including TELNET), display modes, and other projector functions. Any device on the same network can control the projector without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-mm28-jjfm-w9mv",
"modified": "2026-05-09T00:31:52Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T15:38:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://whitelabel.org/security/2026-02-01-smart-projector"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MMW4-RFWH-WM5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 00:31 – Updated: 2024-06-27 00:31An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 16.7 prior to 16.11.5, starting from 17.0 prior to 17.0.3, and starting from 17.1 prior to 17.1.1, which allows private job artifacts can be accessed by any user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3959"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T00:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 16.7 prior to 16.11.5, starting from 17.0 prior to 17.0.3, and starting from 17.1 prior to 17.1.1, which allows private job artifacts can be accessed by any user.",
"id": "GHSA-mmw4-rfwh-wm5m",
"modified": "2024-06-27T00:31:04Z",
"published": "2024-06-27T00:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2456845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/456989"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MP86-VX96-GXR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:51Dell NetWorker, Version 19.7 has an improper authorization vulnerability in the NetWorker client. An unauthenticated attacker within the same network could potentially exploit this by manipulating a command leading to gain of complete access to the server file further resulting in information leaks, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:18:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nDell NetWorker, Version 19.7 has an improper authorization vulnerability in the NetWorker client. An unauthenticated attacker within the same network could potentially exploit this by manipulating a command leading to gain of complete access to the server file further resulting in information leaks, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-mp86-vx96-gxr5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:51:25Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000218003/dsa-2023-294-security-update-for-dell-networker-nw-client-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MP9M-G7QJ-6VQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-10-27 20:30 – Updated: 2024-10-25 21:47Impact
An unauthorized privilege escalation exploit has been discovered in the Mod module: this exploit allows Discord users with a high privilege level within the guild to bypass hierarchy checks when the application is in a specific condition that is beyond that user's control. By abusing this exploit, it's possible to perform destructive actions within the guild the user has high privileges in.
Patches
This exploit has been fixed on version & 3.4.1.
Workarounds
Unloading the Mod module with unload mod or, disabling the massban command with command disable global massban can render this exploit not accessible. We still highly recommend updating to 3.4.1 to completely patch this issue.
References
- https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot/commit/726bfd38adfdfaef760412a68e01447b470f438b
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot * Over on our Discord server
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Red-DiscordBot"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15278"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-10-27T20:26:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn unauthorized privilege escalation exploit has been discovered in the Mod module: this exploit allows Discord users with a high privilege level within the guild to bypass hierarchy checks when the application is in a specific condition that is beyond that user\u0027s control. By abusing this exploit, it\u0027s possible to perform destructive actions within the guild the user has high privileges in.\n\n### Patches\nThis exploit has been fixed on version \u0026 ``3.4.1``.\n\n### Workarounds\nUnloading the Mod module with ``unload mod`` __or__, disabling the ``massban`` command with ``command disable global massban`` can render this exploit not accessible. We still highly recommend updating to ``3.4.1`` to completely patch this issue.\n\n### References\n* https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot/commit/726bfd38adfdfaef760412a68e01447b470f438b\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot](https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot)\n* Over on our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/red)",
"id": "GHSA-mp9m-g7qj-6vqr",
"modified": "2024-10-25T21:47:34Z",
"published": "2020-10-27T20:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot/security/advisories/GHSA-mp9m-g7qj-6vqr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot/commit/726bfd38adfdfaef760412a68e01447b470f438b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cog-Creators/Red-DiscordBot/releases/tag/3.4.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/red-discordbot/PYSEC-2020-267.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Unauthorized privilege escalation in Mod module"
}
GHSA-MQ63-HG3R-H2QP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Improper authorization in Windows OLE allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:17:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper authorization in Windows OLE allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-mq63-hg3r-h2qp",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50344"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQCF-GQVG-RMHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 20:28 – Updated: 2026-06-11 14:05Impact
Users are impacted if:
- They have a caveat structure with a nested list, e.g.:
zed
caveat shape(x list<any>) {
x == [["a"], "b"]
}
- Their system exercises that caveat with either CheckBulkPermission or else LookupResources running with the --experimental-lookup-resources-version flag set to lr3, implying they are using the experimental version 3 of LookupResources
- An attacker can cause the system to craft a request to SpiceDB where either:
1. It's a CheckBulk request where there are two check items that are identical except for their combined caveat context, and one of the caveat contexts evaluates positively and the other evaluates negatively
2. It's a LookupResources request where two resources have the same evaluation contents except for their caveat context, and one would evaluate positively and the other would evaluate negatively
If all of the above are true, it would be possible for SpiceDB to erroneously return that a user has access to a resource that they do not have access to.
Patches
This problem was addressed in https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/pull/3065 and released in version v1.52.0.
Workarounds
If using v3 of LookupResources, turn the flag off.
If possible, refactor the caveat declaration structure so that it does not operate on a list of lists, but rather any other composite structure.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/authzed/spicedb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.15.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.52.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46668"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T20:28:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T22:16:59Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nUsers are impacted if:\n\n- They have a caveat structure with a nested list, e.g.:\n \n```zed\n caveat shape(x list\u003cany\u003e) {\n x == [[\"a\"], \"b\"]\n }\n ```\n- Their system exercises that caveat with either [CheckBulkPermission](https://buf.build/authzed/api/docs/main%3Aauthzed.api.v1#authzed.api.v1.PermissionsService.CheckBulkPermissions) or else [LookupResources](https://buf.build/authzed/api/docs/main%3Aauthzed.api.v1#authzed.api.v1.PermissionsService.LookupResources) running with the `--experimental-lookup-resources-version` flag set to `lr3`, implying they are using the experimental version 3 of `LookupResources`\n- An attacker can cause the system to craft a request to SpiceDB where either:\n 1. It\u0027s a `CheckBulk` request where there are two check items that are identical except for their combined caveat context, and one of the caveat contexts evaluates positively and the other evaluates negatively\n 2. It\u0027s a `LookupResources` request where two resources have the same evaluation contents except for their caveat context, and one would evaluate positively and the other would evaluate negatively\n\nIf all of the above are true, it would be possible for SpiceDB to erroneously return that a user has access to a resource that they do not have access to.\n\n### Patches\nThis problem was addressed in https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/pull/3065 and released in version v1.52.0.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf using v3 of `LookupResources`, turn the flag off.\n\nIf possible, refactor the `caveat` declaration structure so that it does not operate on a list of lists, but rather any other composite structure.",
"id": "GHSA-mqcf-gqvg-rmhm",
"modified": "2026-06-11T14:05:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T20:28:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/security/advisories/GHSA-mqcf-gqvg-rmhm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/pull/3065"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/releases/tag/v1.52.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "SpiceDB: Caveat structures with nested lists can result in improper cache reuse"
}
GHSA-MQR8-3V8J-46WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2022-06-28 23:08Missing permission checks in Jenkins Configuration as Code Plugin 1.24 and earlier in various HTTP endpoints allowed users with Overall/Read access to access the generated schema and documentation for this plugin containing detailed information about installed plugins.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.24"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.jenkins:configuration-as-code"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-28T23:08:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-31T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins Configuration as Code Plugin 1.24 and earlier in various HTTP endpoints allowed users with Overall/Read access to access the generated schema and documentation for this plugin containing detailed information about installed plugins.",
"id": "GHSA-mqr8-3v8j-46wv",
"modified": "2022-06-28T23:08:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/configuration-as-code-plugin/commit/1c531c1a46fc1da6a82cd728bf66428083d30fef"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-07-31/#SECURITY-1290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/31/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing Authorization in Jenkins Configuration as Code Plugin"
}
GHSA-MR56-56J8-X6R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-26 03:30 – Updated: 2024-10-03 09:30An authorization vulnerability exists in GitLab versions 14.0 prior to 16.6.6, 16.7 prior to 16.7.4, and 16.8 prior to 16.8.1. An unauthorized attacker is able to assign arbitrary users to MRs that they created within the project
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0456"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-26T01:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authorization vulnerability exists in GitLab versions 14.0 prior to 16.6.6, 16.7 prior to 16.7.4, and 16.8 prior to 16.8.1. An unauthorized attacker is able to assign arbitrary users to MRs that they created within the project ",
"id": "GHSA-mr56-56j8-x6r4",
"modified": "2024-10-03T09:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-01-26T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2024/01/25/critical-security-release-gitlab-16-8-1-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/430726"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.