Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-285

Discouraged

Improper Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

2816 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-67332 (GCVE-0-2026-67332)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-01 12:22 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:24

Title

@better-auth/oauth-provider before 1.7.0-beta.4 Authorization Bypass

Summary

@better-auth/oauth-provider before 1.7.0-beta.4 fails to bind access-token audience to the authorization grant, allowing clients to request tokens for unrelated resources. Attackers can complete an OAuth flow and obtain access tokens whose audience targets resource servers the authorization never covered, bypassing intended authorization boundaries.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-03 18:31 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6541 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/securi…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/better-auth-…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
better-auth	oauth-provider	Affected: 1.4.8 , < 1.7.0-beta.4 (semver) Unaffected: 1.7.0-beta.4 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:better-auth:better-auth\/oauth-provider::::::node.js::*

Date Public

2026-05-31 00:00

Credits

dvanmali

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-67102 (GCVE-0-2026-67102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 07:54 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:31

Title

HCL BigFix Service Management is affected by multiple security vulnerabilities.

Summary

HCL BigFix Service Management is affected by a high-severity Broken Access Control vulnerability, which could allow a low-privileged user to gain unauthorized access to administrative screens and functions reserved for higher-privileged roles.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:30 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

HCL CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 182 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_articl…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
HCL Software	HCL BigFix Service Management	Affected: V23

Show details on NVD website

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To clipboard

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CVE-2026-66722 (GCVE-0-2026-66722)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 08:22 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:56

Title

Apache CloudStack: ProjectRole & ProjectRolePermission authorization issue

Summary

Improper authorization for CRUD operations on Project Roles and Project Role permissions for domain admins in CloudStack. A Domain Admin can create, update, delete, and list project roles and project role permissions for projects in any domain, not just their own. The check only confirms the caller is a Domain Admin, without verifying whether the target project belongs to their domain or subdomain. This allows a malicious Domain Admin to tamper with project roles and permissions across unrelated domains. This issue affects Apache CloudStack: from 4.15.0.0 through 4.20.3.0 and from 4.21.0.0 through 4.22.1.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.3.1 or 4.22.1.1 or later, which fixes the issue.

Severity

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-24 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

apache CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 1024 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://lists.apache.org/thread/g6cwddtjrwbh1d56w…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Apache Software Foundation	Apache CloudStack	Affected: 4.15.0.0 , ≤ 4.20.3.0 (semver) Affected: 4.21.0.0 , ≤ 4.22.1.0 (semver)

Credits

KQ Wu <kqmailbox@163.com>

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-66422 (GCVE-0-2026-66422)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 21:55 – Updated: 2026-08-26 18:52

Title

Apache Tomcat: Servlet role references can bypass declarative role constraints

Summary

Improper Authorization vulnerability in Apache Tomcat cause by security-role-ref definitions being incorrectly used as role aliases within the Realm in additional to the correct usage with Request.isUserInRole(). This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, from 9.0.25 through 9.0.120. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: from 8.5.46 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.97 through 7.0.109. Other unsupported versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.25, 10.1.58 or 9.0.121, which fix the issue.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-26 18:52 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

apache CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 1024 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://lists.apache.org/thread/j5plylz1b2vhqvbkq…	vendor-advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/26/6

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Apache Software Foundation	Apache Tomcat	Affected: 11.0.0-M1 , ≤ 11.0.24 (semver) Affected: 10.1.0-M1 , ≤ 10.1.57 (semver) Affected: 9.0.25 , ≤ 9.0.120 (semver) Affected: 8.5.46 , ≤ 8.5.100 (semver) Affected: 7.0.97 , ≤ 7.0.109 (semver) Unaffected: 0 , < 7.0.97 (semver)

Credits

4ra1n, pyn3rd and unam4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-64642 (GCVE-0-2026-64642)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 17:45 – Updated: 2026-07-28 15:20

Title

Next.js: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications using Turbopack and single locale

Summary

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In versions 16.0.0 through 16.2.10, crafted requests targeting Next.js applications using App Router built with Turbopack and a single entry in config.i18n.locales can bypass middleware/proxy based authentication. This issue has been fixed in version 16.2.11.

Severity

8.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-28 15:07 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7660 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/96014	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/6bf4df14…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v16.2.11	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
vercel	next.js	Affected: >= 16.0.0, < 16.2.11

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-63752 (GCVE-0-2026-63752)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 12:04 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:23

Title

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 RELATE Statement Record Overwrite

Summary

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the RELATE statement that allows authenticated users with CREATE permission to overwrite existing edge records without UPDATE permission. Attackers can issue a RELATE statement with a SET id clause pointing to an existing edge id, causing the storage layer to silently overwrite the target record instead of rejecting the operation.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-20 19:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6541 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/a…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/surrealdb-be…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
surrealdb	surrealdb	Affected: 0 , < 3.1.0 (semver) Unaffected: 3.1.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:surrealdb:surrealdb::::::::

Date Public

2026-05-27 00:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-63330 (GCVE-0-2026-63330)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:49 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:03

Title

Warpgate: Missing Admin Authorization on Live Recording Stream WebSocket Allows Any Authenticated User to Eavesdrop on Terminal Sessions

Summary

Warpgate is an open source SSH, HTTPS and MySQL bastion host for Linux. Prior to 0.25.6, api_get_recording_stream in warpgate-admin/src/api/recordings_detail.rs protects /@warpgate/admin/api/recordings/{uuid}/stream only with session authentication and omits require_admin_permission for AdminPermission::RecordingsView. Any authenticated regular user who identifies an active recording can subscribe to its WebSocket and receive real-time terminal input and output from proxied SSH, MySQL, or PostgreSQL sessions, including credentials, commands, and other sensitive data belonging to users and administrators. This issue is fixed in version 0.25.6.

Severity

7.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:03 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
CWE-862 - Missing Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7660 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/commit/f5cb…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
warp-tech	warpgate	Affected: < 0.25.6

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/security/advisories/GHSA-2q37-6vxr-26jr"
        },
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          "name": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/commit/f5cb06ea09065f375870ccee64fe721a2ca79766",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/commit/f5cb06ea09065f375870ccee64fe721a2ca79766"
        },
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          "name": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/releases/tag/v0.25.6",
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          "url": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/releases/tag/v0.25.6"
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        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Warpgate: Missing Admin Authorization on Live Recording Stream WebSocket Allows Any Authenticated User to Eavesdrop on Terminal Sessions"
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CVE-2026-62835 (GCVE-0-2026-62835)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-24 19:21 – Updated: 2026-10-08 18:18 Exclusively Hosted Service

Title

Azure Portal Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Summary

Improper authorization in Azure Portal allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-25 01:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

microsoft CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3956 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi…	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Microsoft	Azure Portal	Affected: - cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_portal::::::::

Date Public

2026-07-23 14:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-62286 (GCVE-0-2026-62286)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 18:11 – Updated: 2026-09-28 14:53

Title

Dozzle label filters do not restrict container event and statistics streams

Summary

Dozzle is a realtime log viewer for docker containers. Prior to 10.6.7, streamEvents in internal/web/events.go applies a restricted user's label filter to container lists but not to the container-stat and container-event channels returned by GET /api/events/stream. In a simple-auth deployment using per-user filters, any authenticated restricted account can receive resource telemetry and lifecycle events for containers outside its authorized label scope. The exposed data includes container names, images, full label maps, CPU and memory use, network and disk totals, and deployment or restart activity across monitored hosts, but does not include log contents, environment values, or exec access. This issue is fixed in version 10.6.7.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-28 14:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7660 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/pull/4803	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/commit/19c01e0fb…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/releases/tag/v10.6.7	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
amir20	dozzle	Affected: < 10.6.7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-62249 (GCVE-0-2026-62249)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 20:29 – Updated: 2026-08-27 14:32

Title

Weblate: Restricted-component change history leaked to non-member project users through the nested `GET /api/projects/{slug}/changes/` endpoint

Summary

Weblate is a web-based continuous localization platform used to manage software translations. In versions prior to 2026.7, an authenticated user with access to a project can retrieve the change history of restricted components in that project through nested API change endpoints, even without permission to view those components directly. The nested endpoints do not apply the component-level access checks enforced on the direct component views, so the requester can enumerate changes for components that should be hidden from them. The exposed data can include the restricted component's identity, translation and unit links, and change payload fields such as source or translated string content in the target, old, and details values. This issue is fixed in version 2026.7.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-27 13:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7660 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/commit/a27b…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
WeblateOrg	weblate	Affected: < 2026.7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.

Mitigation MIT-4.4

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.

Mitigation

System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values

The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens

In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.

CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security

An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.

CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links

This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.

CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing

This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.

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CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry

SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.

CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)

An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing

An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.

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