Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2346 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-22862 (GCVE-0-2021-22862)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-03 03:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper access control in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to the disclosure of Actions secrets to forks
Summary
An improper access control vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an authenticated user with the ability to fork a repository to disclose Actions secrets for the parent repository of the fork. This vulnerability existed due to a flaw that allowed the base reference of a pull request to be updated to point to an arbitrary SHA or another pull request outside of the fork repository. By establishing this incorrect reference in a PR, the restrictions that limit the Actions secrets sent a workflow from forks could be bypassed. This vulnerability affected GitHub Enterprise Server version 3.0.0, 3.0.0.rc2, and 3.0.0.rc1. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub | GitHub Enterprise Server |
Affected:
3.0 , < 3.0.1
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-22861 (GCVE-0-2021-22861)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-03 03:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper access control in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to unauthorized write access to forkable repositories
Summary
An improper access control vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed authenticated users of the instance to gain write access to unauthorized repositories via specifically crafted pull requests and REST API requests. An attacker would need to be able to fork the targeted repository, a setting that is disabled by default for organization owned private repositories. Branch protections such as required pull request reviews or status checks would prevent unauthorized commits from being merged without further review or validation. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server since 2.4.21 and was fixed in versions 2.20.24, 2.21.15, 2.22.7 and 3.0.1. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%402.… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%402.… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%402.… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub | GitHub Enterprise Server |
Affected:
2.20 , < 2.20.24
(custom)
Affected: 2.21 , < 2.21.15 (custom) Affected: 2.22 , < 2.22.7 (custom) Affected: 3.0 , < 3.0.1 (custom) |
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CVE-2021-21511 (GCVE-0-2021-21511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-15 22:10 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell EMC Avamar Server, versions 19.3 and 19.4 contain an Improper Authorization vulnerability in the web UI. A remote low privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, to gain unauthorized read or modification access to other users' backup data.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00018292… | x_refsource_MISC |
Date Public
2021-02-04 00:00
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CVE-2021-21432 (GCVE-0-2021-21432)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-09 18:10 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reject unauthorized access with GitHub PATs
Summary
Vela is a Pipeline Automation (CI/CD) framework built on Linux container technology written in Golang. An authentication mechanism added in version 0.7.0 enables some malicious user to obtain secrets utilizing the injected credentials within the `~/.netrc` file. Refer to the referenced GitHub Security Advisory for complete details. This is fixed in version 0.7.5.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/go-vela/server/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-vela/server | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-vela/server/releases/tag/v0.7.5 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-vela/server/pull/337 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-vela/server/commit/cb435291… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-21362 (GCVE-0-2021-21362)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-08 18:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bypassing readOnly policy by creating a temporary 'mc share upload' URL
Summary
MinIO is an open-source high performance object storage service and it is API compatible with Amazon S3 cloud storage service. In MinIO before version RELEASE.2021-03-04T00-53-13Z it is possible to bypass a readOnly policy by creating a temporary 'mc share upload' URL. Everyone is impacted who uses MinIO multi-users. This is fixed in version RELEASE.2021-03-04T00-53-13Z. As a workaround, one can disable uploads with `Content-Type: multipart/form-data` as mentioned in the S3 API RESTObjectPOST docs by using a proxy in front of MinIO.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/minio/minio/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/minio/minio/pull/11682 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/minio/minio/commit/039f59b5523… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/minio/minio/releases/tag/RELEA… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-21096 (GCVE-0-2021-21096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-15 13:49 – Updated: 2025-04-23 19:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Adobe Bridge Genuine Software Service Incorrect Permission Assignment could lead to Denial-of-Service
Summary
Adobe Bridge versions 10.1.1 (and earlier) and 11.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Authorization vulnerability in the Genuine Software Service. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve application denial-of-service in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization (CWE-285)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-04-13 00:00
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CVE-2021-21026 (GCVE-0-2021-21026)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-11 19:29 – Updated: 2024-09-16 20:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Magento Commerce Incorrect permissions Could Lead To Unauthorized Access
Summary
Magento versions 2.4.1 (and earlier), 2.4.0-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.6 (and earlier) are affected by an improper authorization vulnerability in the integrations module. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to restricted resources by an unauthenticated attacker. Access to the admin console is required for successful exploitation.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization (CWE-285)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Magento Commerce |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 2.4.1
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.4.0-p1 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.3.6 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ None (custom) |
Date Public
2021-02-09 00:00
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CVE-2021-4344 (GCVE-0-2021-4344)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-07 01:51 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Frontend File Manager <= 18.2 - Privilege Escalation
Summary
The Frontend File Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation in versions up to, and including, 18.2. This is due to lacking mishandling the use of user IDs that is accessible by the visitor. This makes it possible for unauthenticated or authenticated attackers to access the information and privileges of other users, including 'guest users', in their own category (authenticated, or unauthenticated guests).
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nmedia | Frontend File Manager Plugin |
Affected:
0 , < 18.3
(semver)
|
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CVE-2021-4335 (GCVE-0-2021-4335)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-20 06:35 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fancy Product Designer <= 4.6.9 - Insufficient Authorization on Mulitple AJAX Actions
Summary
The Fancy Product Designer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access to data and modification of plugin settings due to a missing capability check on multiple AJAX functions in versions up to, and including, 4.6.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level permissions to modify plugin settings, including retrieving arbitrary order information or creating/updating/deleting products, orders, or other sensitive information not associated with their own account.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| radykal | Fancy Product Designer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.6.9
(semver)
|
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CVE-2021-4334 (GCVE-0-2021-4334)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-20 07:29 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fancy Product Designer <= 4.6.9 - Insufficient Authorization to Arbitrary Options Update via fpd_update_options
Summary
The Fancy Product Designer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of site options due to a missing capability check on the fpd_update_options function in versions up to, and including, 4.6.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level permissions to modify site options, including setting the default role to administrator which can allow privilege escalation.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| radykal | Fancy Product Designer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.6.9
(semver)
|
Credits
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
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CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.